Shiraz Emedical Journal
Volume:23 Issue: 4, Apr 2022

As economic resistance is largely defined as the capacity of an economy to improve or adapt to the effects of unexpected, exterior shocks such as COVID-19 pandemic for health systems, the purpose of this study was to identify the economic resistance components of the Iranian health system during COVID-19 pandemic.

This qualitative study was conducted using the content analysis method from 2020 to 2021. The statistical population of the study consisted of health system experts who are familiar with the subject of resistance economy. Using the snowball sampling method, semi-structured interviews with 30 selected participants were done. The reliability and transparency were determined by Guba and Linkon criteria such as credibility, transferability, confirmability, and consistency, or dependability. Data were analyzed using the Clarke and Braun thematic six-step method.

It was found that economic growth, economic stability, justice, and economic resilience, as fourmain components, affected the economic resistance of the health system in COVID-19 pandemic. Each of these components encompasses a number of subcomponents that can help reinforce the health system in two restorative and resilient categories.

To the best of our knowledge, a comprehensive study with an exploratory approach was not retrieved to find the main determinants of economic resistance components in COVID-19 pandemic. The present study can greatly contribute to the available knowledge to guide the policymakers for better understanding of the system during unexpected situations and applying the most applied solutions as well. Itmay help the health systems particularly those who encounter unpleasantmacro-trends and unplanned crises, to keep their preparedness and readiness and improve their resilience.

Conflict/quarrel, as one of the indicators of violence, is a social issue still seen in all societies. It occurs between two or more people or groups in a social relationship and can disrupt society order and possesses destructive consequences for disputants and society.

The present study aimed to evaluate points and trends of relative risk (RR) of quarrels in Iran for total population and both sexes separately by using spatiotemporal models.

Official data published by Iranian Legal Medicine Organization (ILMO) from 2013 to 2018 was studied. Spatiotemporal methods were used for analyzing the data and producing relevant maps. These models overcome the problems related to usual estimates of RR and are capable of covering spatial and temporal effects and their interactions simultaneously.

The results showed that Ardabil (P2, RR = 1.32), Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad (RR = 1.1 - 1.3) provinces had the highest risk of street quarrel for total population. The results for males are the same as the results for the total population. There was the highest risk for females in Alborz (P5, RR = 1.38) province. The risk was the lowest for the southern provinces of Iran for the total population (0.3 - 0.7), females (0.3 - 0.55), and for males (0.3-0.6). There was no significant change in RR over time for males and total population. However, there is an apparent decreasing trend for females.

In general, southern parts of Iran have lower risk of street fights/quarrels. Street fight is a multifactor phenomenon that could leave various consequences on society. It seems necessary to conduct further research to find out the reasons for its occurrence in different parts of the country.

The set of learning and experiences gained by learners is not limited to formal and explicit curriculum, and there are inevitably other factors besides the explicit curriculum. These factors are valuable opportunities that can enrich the learning experience and, on the other hand, are threats that challenge the education system if ignored.

The purpose of this review was to summarize evidence on the hidden curriculum in online education. Data Sources: This study is a systematized review of scientific-research articles in the field of hidden curriculum in online education. For this purpose, databases of Scopus, Ovid, web of science, PubMed, Google Scholar, ProQuest, ERIC, and Science Direct were searched. No restrictions were placed on the year of publication.

Out of 487 articles after excluding irrelevant articles, nine articles were included in this study for full-text review. Of the nine studies reviewed, the hidden curriculum in online education has been improved in one study. Individual characteristics of the learning environment (self-esteem, vulnerability, social acceptance, stress) in two studies, learning environment in five studies, interaction in three studies, teaching and evaluation methods in one study, rules and regulations in two studies, and teaching time in one study have been identified as the main factors behind the formation of a hidden curriculum in online education.

The hidden curriculum is a reflection of what students receive in the learning environment; so we need to pay attention to this environment. A review of studies in the hidden e-learning curriculum showed that the hidden curriculum is important because it has a strong influence on the learners in many ways. Online education, like traditional education, has latent learning that can affect education.

COVID-19, like the other pandemics, apart from its impacts on peoples’ health, has had diverse huge impacts on psychosocio-economic aspects of societies globally. Hence, applying appropriate interventions to reduce the indirect burden of this pandemic is as important as patients’ care.

In this study, we aimed to review the main interventions against the economic and psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

This scope review was conducted to determine what measures have been taken by governments against different nonmedical (economic and psychosocial) consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors reviewed the relevant articles published from December 2019 to December 2020 through three databases of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The interventions in three areas of economic, social, or psychological were exerted, and in the review of the articles, the country and the target population were considered. Finally, the results were categorized and presented descriptively.

Regarding the negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in psychosocial and economic aspects of societies, governments, especially in developed countries, have established measures to reduce the burdens of these consequences. Apart from interventions related to the general population, at-risk and vulnerable groups and also those with low socio-economic status are specific target populations for interventions.

The future of the COVID-19 pandemic is uncertain and unpredictable. Governments and their decisions will play a vital role in determining the trend of the pandemic. Therefore, it is the responsibility of governments, especially in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs), to support vulnerable people and protect them against the devastating socio-economic and psychological effects of this pandemic using all their capacity

In recent years, age estimation in forensic medicine has become so important. Teeth are used to estimate age as valuable indicators.

This study aimed to compare Cameriere and Demirjian methods in estimating chronological age (Age) in an Iranian population and to develop a modified Cameriere method.

In this cross-sectional study, we investigated a total of 486 panoramic radiographs of individuals aged 5 - 15 years adopted from two craniofacial radiology centers in Babol, northern Iran, in 2019. The dental age of subjects was assessed by Demirjian (DAge) and Cameriere (CAge) methods and compared with their chronological age. Also, a formula was designed based on the Cameriere method for our studied population, and the results of the original and modified Cameriere (MCAge) methods were compared.

The mean±SD of Age (10.38±2.30) had a significant difference with DAge (10.67±2.33) and CAge (9.77±2.01) (P < 0.001). The modified Cameriere formula was more accurate than Cameriere one, and MCAge was 10.38 ± 2.12, indicating no significant difference with Age (P = 0.993).

According to our results, both Demirjian and Cameriere methods were not reliable for age estimation in the Iranian population. However, the modified Cameriere formula had a very high accuracy in estimating the age of the studied population.

Human brucellosis, also known as Malta fever, is an acute systemic zoonotic disease in several parts of the world. The most pathogenic Brucella specie is Brucella melitensis that occurs in the human population of all age groups and of both sexes.

The present study aimed to investigate human Brucella infection in Afghanistan.

The participants in this cross-sectional study were 44 patients diagnosed with Brucella infection during eight months and confirmed using Wright test by physicians of Iran Clinic Hospital. For data analysis, a statistical model was used through SPSS.

The most affected patients were female housewives (40.9%) and students (18.18%). The most frequent clinical manifestations were recurrent attacks of fever (95.34%), weight loss (81.39%), loss of appetite (79.06%), musculoskeletal pain (69.76%), boredom (67.44%), and lethargy (60.46%). A total of 41 (93.18%) patients mentioned the consumption of unpasteurized milk as the source of infection.

The study results revealed that the main route of Brucella transmission in Afghanistan is the consumption of contaminated dairy products. The highest prevalence of brucellosis was observed among the young and middle-aged populations and housewives

The pharmaceutical industry has a significant impact on the promotion of health and safety indicators in society. In this knowledge-based industry, the development of companies in complex environments is a function of innovative research, investment, and government regulation to maintain and survive. Given the technical knowledge and specific supportive laws (e.g., patents), being active in such an industry is one of the important criteria in developing countries. Therefore, the generic plan was implemented in Iran with the prospect of taking practical steps toward achieving drug self-sufficiency and acquiring the rank of manufactured pharmaceutical raw materials and branded drugs.

This study, therefore, aimed to investigate factors affecting innovation performance in establishing a generic plan in the pharmaceutical industry of developing countries.

The statistical population in this descriptive survey consisted of PhD experts involved in the Iranian pharmaceutical industry. To this end, 42 standard questionnaires were distributed based on the conceptual model of the research. Next, the effects of the research variables were analyzed using partial least squares (PLS) structural equations.

According to the results, research and development (R&D), product innovation, process innovation, and organization size significantly positively affected innovation performance. In comparison, knowledge management did not substantially affect innovation performance in the Iranian pharmaceutical industry.

Due to the introspective developmental approach and the lack of effective communication, a major failure of the generic plan is witnessed within the pharmaceutical industry

This study evaluated the effect of the Benson relaxation method on the quality of sleep and working life of surgical technologists.

This randomized controlled trial was done on 180 surgical technologists who worked in 9 hospitals in Shiraz. Before the beginning of the intervention, participants were randomly assigned to either experimental or control conditions (simple randomization). The experimental group listened to an audiotape of the Benson relaxation technique twenty minutes periods, two times a day for four weeks, while the control group did not receive any intervention at all. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index and Walton quality of working life (QWL) questionnaires were used to measure the sleep quality and working life of surgical technologists, respectively.

Independent t-tests indicated that after the intervention, there were significant improvements regarding the total mean scores of quality of sleep (Mean (SD) Intervention = 2.88 (1.36), Mean (SD) Control = 15.1 (3.41), P < 0.001), and working life (Mean (SD) Intervention = 133.78 (9.22), Mean (SD) Control = 62.18 (19.68, P < 0.001) and their domains in the intervention group compared to the control group.

Our findings are an important contribution to the previous research regarding the Benson relaxation technique as a non-drug, economical method. The current results can help health professionals for determine which psychological techniques are needed to be emphasized for promoting sleep quality and quality of working life in surgical technologists.