مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد
سال شصت و چهارم شماره 5 (پیاپی 179، آذر و دی 1400)

 The physical and psychological health of people in society is of fundamental importance; In this regard, the aim of this research is to investigate the social mechanisms of young athletes in terms of physical and psychological health.

 In this research, in order to determine the sample size, Cochran's formula of 381 samples was used as a multi-stage cluster sampling for an unlimited population. Ajmon independent t and Yeoman-Whitney statistics were used for data analysis and SPSS version 25 software was used at the level of 0.05.

 The research results show that there is a significant relationship between social mechanisms and physical and psychological health (P<0.05).

It seems that planning on social mechanisms can play an essential role in the physical and psychological health of young athletes. (P <0.05).

Due to the fact that dyslexic children have more difficulty in reading and executive functions than children who are average or above average readers, so the purpose of this study is Effectiveness of Direct Instruction of Phonolical Awareness on Fluency and Executive Functions on Students with Dyslexia disorder.

In this applied research, a single-subject research design and a multi-baseline design with different subjects were used.  The statistical population studied in this study included all students with reading disorders in the second grade of elementary school who referred to Tonekabon Health Learning Disorders Center in the academic year of 2009-2010.  The sample includes 3 students with reading disabilities who are selected by available means who were studying in different schools.  First, WISC-IV children’s Wechsler test, reading and dyslexia test (façade), Strop test, Researcher-made comprehension test were completed. The sessions were conducted by the researcher, after the end of the fifteenth session, and 1 month later (in order to evaluate the sustainability of the effectiveness of the educational program) The questionnaires were completed again by the children of both groups.

The results of the research showed that the phonological awareness direct training program increased the subjects' reading skills, but it did not have a significant effect on the executive functions.

The phonological awareness direct training program is a suitable intervention method to improve fluency and executive functions, so this program can be used to improve the health of dyslexic students.

The aim of this study was compiling a model of Emotional Divorce based on Self- Differentiation and Family Emotional Involvement and Criticism with mediation of alexithymia.The research method was correlation and the statistical population Including all the people who had referred to the counseling centers of Tehran province in order to receive counseling. The sampling method in this study was goal-based and available. According to the number of research variables, 400 subjects were selected as the research sample through the available sampling method. Guttman Emotional Divorce Questionnaire (2010), the Scorn and Friedland Self- Differentiation Scale (2002), the Shield and Criticism Scale in the Shield et al. (1992), and Taylor's alexithymia Scale (1986) were selected as research tool. Results showed that the conceptual model of research are in harmony with collected data and path coefficients between variables are significant as well as all the research hypothesizes possess significance at the level of 0.05

 Although many researches show the negative effects of MS on the lives of patients and many treatments have been carried out in this regard, but the effectiveness of the treatments is still challenging. Therefore, the aim of present study was to study the effect of psychotherapy based on the explanatory model of depression in MS patients on quality of life and marital satisfaction of affected patients.

 The research method was experimental pre-test post-test type with follow-up phase. Statistical population of this study was all the people aged 20 to 50 years old with MS in Hamedan city in 2021. 30 people of that population were randomly selected in 2 groups of 10 people (experimental group and control group). The participants in all three stages were evaluated with the Global Health Quality of Life questionnaire and short form of Mehrabian Marital Satisfaction scale. The experimental group recived 8 sessions of individual psychotherapy based on the explanatory model of depression in patients with MS and the control group did not receive any intervention.

Data was analyzed by the statistical method of multivariate covariance analysis in SPSS-21 software. Findings showed that there was a significant difference between the post-tests of the experimental and control groups (p<0.05).

Results of the this study indicated that psychotherapy based on the explanatory model of depression in patients with MS is effective in improving the quality of life and increasing marital satisfaction,  This method can be used to increase the mental health of these patients as a fast-acting treatment.

Social science research examines the relationships between different variables with respect to social issues; In this regard, the present study investigates the sociology of improving body management and its relationship with lifestyle in body consumption.

The research method is survey and the data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of the study by age group (14-50) in Niavaran and Molavi districts of Tehran is 370,626 people and 384 people were selected as the research sample according to Cochran's formula. Independent t-test, Human Whitney and Wilcoxon tests and SPSS software version 25 at the level of 0.05 were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that lifestyle, improved body management, mass media had an impact on women's consumption (P <0.05).

It seems that body consumption is higher among women than men, and since body management should be considered in terms of health for men, the health organization should take measures to increase body management in men.

Sexual dysfunction is one of the chronic complications of premature coronary heart disease and is often overlooked in the care of premature coronary heart disease patients. And sexual satisfaction was premature in coronary heart disease patients.

This study was a quasi-experimental study. The statistical population was all male patients with premature coronary heart disease less than 50 years old who referred to Shahid Rajaei Hospital in Tonekabon in the summer of 1397. 24 patients with premature coronary heart disease were selected by available sampling method. Then they were randomly assigned to the experimental group (under acceptance and commitment behavior therapy) (n = 20) and the control group (n = 20). Data collection tools were the standard Sex Questionnaire (MSQ) of Snell and Fischer Walters (1993), in three baseline stages, after quarterly intervention and follow-up. Data analysis was performed using repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance.

The results showed that in the group undergoing behavior therapy based on acceptance and commitment, the mean score of sexual anxiety and depression as well as sexual satisfaction in the experimental group compared to the control group decreased and increased significantly (P <0.001).

The results of this study showed that behavioral therapy based on acceptance and commitment can be effective in improving sexual anxiety and depression as well as sexual satisfaction in men with premature coronary heart disease.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between types of intelligence (general intelligence, emotional intelligence, successful intelligence, spiritual intelligence, moral intelligence and cultural intelligence) and life satisfaction mediated by mental health in students.

The method of the present study was correlation. The statistical population of this study included all students of Tonekabon Azad University in the academic year 1399-1399 in the number of 4416 people. The sample of this study included 200 people from the mentioned community who were selected using non-random and available sampling method. Data collection tools included Life Satisfaction Scale of Diner et al. (1985), Cattell Culture (1949) General Intelligence Test (Bar9-On Emotional Intelligence Test) (1997), Sternberg and Grigorenko Success Intelligence Questionnaire (2000), Intelligence Questionnaire Spiritual King (2009), Link and Kiel (2005) Moral Intelligence Questionnaire, Early & Ang (2003) Cultural Intelligence Questionnaire, and Goldberg & Hiller (1979) General Health Questionnaire.

Data analysis using structural equation modeling showed that the direct effect of mental health on life satisfaction was significant (0.69) (p <0.05). The direct effect of intelligence on life satisfaction is 0.37 and significant (p <0.05). Also, there is a significant relationship between general intelligence and mental health (p <0.05).

The results of this study showed that mental health has a mediating role in the relationship between intelligence and life satisfaction of students. And increase student life satisfaction.

Anxiety is considered as one of the most common disorders during childhood and is associated with adverse functional, psychological, social and educational consequences for children. It is a necessity to screen children's anxiety. This study aimed to determine the factor structure, reliability and validity of the Development of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale-Short Version.

I terms of methodology, this study is a descriptive developmental one with a survey design. Its statistical population included all students who were 8-12 years old in primary schools in Rasht during the academic year of 2019-2020. Using the cluster random sampling method, 500 students were selected as the statistical sample of this study. The research instrument was the Enhanced Spence Children's Anxiety Scale. The construct validity was performed based on two methods of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Characteristics curve analysis was used to determine the cutting point. Assessing the reliability of the questionnaire in 3 sections of internal consistency, stability and homogeneity was performed using Cronbach's alpha correlation, the test-retest method with intra-cluster internal correlation, and correlation coefficient of each item to the total and correlation of items together, respectively. 

275 (55%) of the participants were female and the other 225 (45%) were male. Factor analysis showed that this scale has five components: Market panic, generalized anxiety, specific phobia, social anxiety and separation anxiety with desirable fitness indices. Also, the values of Cronbach's alpha ​​for the whole scale was 0.939 and for the dimensions of market panic, generalized anxiety, specific phobia, social anxiety, and separation anxiety were 0.812, 0.894, 0.803, 0.709, and 0.801, respectively. The most appropriate cutting point of this scale was 24.5.

The confirmatory factor structure, reliability and validity of the Development of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale-short version are desirable for research, diagnostic and screening applications in Iranian society.

Research on health and body management and with the advent of the new age and consumer society, the appearance of the body has become very important for people in society; In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of general health in the management of male body athletes.

In this study, in order to determine the sample size, the Cochran's formula of 381 samples was used as a multi-stage cluster sampling for an unlimited community. Independent t-test and Human Whitney were used for data analysis and SPSS software version 25 at the level of 0.05.

The results show that there is a significant relationship between general health of athletes's body management (P <0.05).

General health seems to play an important role in body management components. In this regard, it is suggested that more studies be done to increase the external credibility of the research.

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the main cause of mortality in the world. Presence of significant stenosis in coronary arteries is the cornerstone of diagnosis and treatment in symptomatic patients. Although stenotic coronary arteries due to atherosclerotic lesion is the most cause of IHD, there is no important stenotic lesion(s) in major proportion of symptomatic patients (especially female patients). The aim of this article is to review recent literatures about the important differences of men and women in clinical manifestation, risk factors, diagnosis, and prognosis of microvascular coronary disease.

The search was conducted for articles published between 2011 and 2021 in PubMed using the following key words: ''Women'' AND ['' Coronary microvascular disease'']. Data were collected by reviewing the texts.

Well defined risk factors of IHD may have important role in development of microvascular coronary disease, but exact mechanism of it is unclear. Disorders in coronary microvascular structure or function is common in women and may happen in the absence of stenotic epicardial coronary arteries, while is associated with cardiac events and mortality.

There is limited data about non obstructive coronary disease. The prognosis of IHD is worse in women compared to men; it could be explained by identification of more cardiac risk factors in women and pay attention to different effects of risk factors between men and women, and presence of unique risk factors for women.

The development of health tourism can be considered as a national strategy in order to increase the country's income as an economic arm, and health tourism is today one of the fastest growing sectors of industry and tourism in the world, which makes the organizations involved and countries interested in tourism development to pay attention to this part of the tourism industry and plan for it, and it is also one of the areas that health activists always emphasize on its expansion and improvement, and identifying the factors affecting strategic entrepreneurship in health tourism can play a great role in the field of health. This study aimed to design a model for leveling the factors affecting the strategic entrepreneurship of health tourism.

The present study is a qualitative study based on interpretive structural modeling method during June to September 2020. The ISM standard questionnaire was used to collect data and Mick Mac software was used for interpretive structural analysis. The participants in the study were 11 people who were selected by non-random, snowball method.

According to the results of research literature and obtaining the opinion of relevant experts, service quality, competitive advantage, stakeholders, infrastructure, rules/regulations, tourist attractions, technology, and entrepreneurial management were identified as influential factors in health tourism entrepreneurship. Then, the final model was drawn using interpretive structural modeling.

The quality of health tourism services and gaining a competitive advantage were considered as first level variables and entrepreneurial management was determined as the most basic element of the model.

 The inherited pattern of Parkinson's disease varies depending on the gene being altered, which is dominated by both autosomal and autosomal recessive forms. Mutations in Parkinson's disease genes cause mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, protein accumulation, and autophagic stress. In most patients, mutations in different genes, epigenetic factors, environmental factors, age, or a combination of these factors are among the main causes of the disease.

 For bioinformatics analysis, first, all the genes and mutations of this disease were extracted using HGMD server. Then, using POLYPHEN and SIFT site, the effect of mutations in the disease was investigated separately. Common mutations were extracted and analyzed statistically.

 The results showed that the genes LRRK2, SNCA are inherited with the dominant autosomal inheritance pattern and PARK7, PARK2, PINK1 with the autosomal recessive pattern inherited from the patient's parent. All mutations extracted from the Polyphen and Sift 181 databases included 18 mutations in the parkin gene with 38 known mutations, but the most destructive damage was found in the LRRK2, PINK1, and then PARKIN genes.

 Over the past 10 years, the etiological conceptions of Parkinson disease have changed from an almost solely environmental mechanism to a complex disorder with major genetic contributors. Identifying responsible mutations in specific genes, particularly α-synuclein, Parkin, PINK1, DJ-1 and LRRK2, has revealed better understanding of Parkinson's disease's clinical and made pathological changes with implications for patient treatment, management and future study.

The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy based on stress management and quality of life therapy on Hope and Spiritual health of couples Referential to divorce at behzisti of Ilam Material&

This semi experimental study was conducted based on a pretest, posttest, and follow up design with two experimental and one control groups. The statistical population of the study included all couples seeking divorce in the city, Ilam, from which 45 people were selected by available sampling method. Of these 45 members, 15 were randomly assigned to divided into two groups of quality of life test group and stress management group, as well as one control group. Quality of life treatment and stress management therapy were performed in 8 sessions of experimental groups. And the members of the control group were on the waiting list and did not receive any intervention. The tools used in this study include the Hope Questionnaire, and the Spiritual health Questionnaire, in which participants answered questions in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages. Descriptive statistical methods, analysis of covariance and repeated measurement analysis of variance were used to analyze the results

The results show that there is a significant difference between experimental and control groups in terms of variables of Hope and Spiritual health (P <0.001). Also, the level of Hope and Spiritual health in the experimental groups in the post-test phase was significantly different from the control group.

The existence of social media and networks has accelerated the growth of fake news. Spreading fake news, especially in connection with the prevalence of Covid-19, can lead to serious losses such as the loss of current customers, their move to competitors, devaluation of stocks and the credibility of a brand, and organizations have to bear heavy costs to fight Pay with this news. The aim of this study was to provide a dynamic model of fake news during the outbreak of Covid-19 with respect to brand equity components.

The present study is applied research in terms of purpose; Because it seeks to show the effects of fake news feedback on brand equity and its agents. This research is also based on the nature of the mixed data; In this research, the system dynamics method is used to understand and analyze the variables.

The results of this research are shown in the form of a causal diagram of the effect of fake news on brand equity components, a brand equity causal diagram and components affecting brand equity.

The results of this study can increase the insight of marketing managers and help them make decisions to improve brand equity. In line with the results of this research, marketing managers should minimize the ways of spreading fake news.

Health care authorities are able to arrange proper planning on prevention programs and optimized management of antidote stockpiles by identifying regional pattern of poisoning. So this study was designed to evaluate the pattern of acute poisoning cases treated in a tertiary care hospital in north- eastern Iran.

This cross sectional study was conducted at emergency department of Mosabn-Jafar hospital in Quchan during December 2017 to the end of November 2018. All cases of poisoning admitted to the hospital were included in this study. The patients’ data were obtained from medical records and were documented on a pre-structured proforma. 

A total of 222 cases of acute poisoning were studied. The average of people age was 28.9+15.7 year old, most of the patients aged 11 to 30 years (60.3%) ,(50%) were  women, most of the patients reside in urban areas (68%), half of them were married (55%), diploma (33.7%) and unemployed (26.1%). Intentional poisoning or suicidal was the main cause of poisoning (44.6%), overload (31.1%) and Accidental poisoning was recorded for (24.3%) of cases. Pharmaceutical medication (60.4%), opioids (12.1%) followed by pesticides (8.5%) were the most common exposures. The most common drug used in all age was Benzodiazepine (38.8%). 

Attempted suicide was the most common route of poisoning which necessitates attention to psychiatric counseling.

Adiponectin and leptin are two peptide hormones that regulate energy balance. In this study, ratio of leptin to adiponectin, along with the insulin resistance index, is a good indicator for the diagnostic purposes of obesity and diabetes.

Sixty obese women aged 35-45 years (BMI ≥30) were divided into four groups: control, exercise, massage, and exercise+massage. Aerobic exercise included aerobic training, 8weeks, 3days/week, that bigan with 25 minutes and 55% of HRmax, and in the last week reached 40 minutes and 85% of HRmax. Massage was performed by LPG device for 30 minutes, 3days/week and 8 weeks. The combined group performed an exercise program after 30 minutes of massage. Blood samples were taken from the vein of the left hand, bifor and 48h after the exercise and massage intervention, and after 12h of fasting. were measured the Leptin, adiponectin,insulin and glucose levels . In order to analized the data, one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test was used at a significance level of p≥0.05.

The levels of glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, fat percentage, BMI, leptin, adiponectin, and leptin/adiponectin in the post-test of exercise+massage group were significantly changed compared with post-test of three groups, (p=0.001).

Performing aerobic exercise with massage on glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, leptin and adiponectin levels seems to be more effective than exercise and massage alone.

The aim of this study was to compare the object relationships and perfectionism of incompatible, adaptive and normal narcissists.

The research method was causal-comparative. From the population of Islamic Azad University students, 210 people were selected by available sampling method and based on the evaluation of two questionnaires of pathological narcissism (PNI) and narcissistic personality scale (NPI) in three groups of 70 people consistent narcissism, maladaptive narcissism and no narcissism they got. To measure the desired variables, the Questionnaires of Subject Relationship Scale (BORI) and Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale (PANPS) were used and finally the data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test.

The results showed that among the variables of object relationships, insecure attachment and alienation in the incompatible narcissistic group was significantly higher than the other two groups (p = 0.0001), but between the two groups of compatible narcissism and the group without narcissism in these two variables. No significant difference was observed (p≤05). Positive perfectionism was higher in the adaptive narcissistic group than in the non-narcissistic group. Positive perfectionism was higher in both adaptive and non-narcissistic groups than in the incompatible narcissistic group (p = 0.0001).

Incompatible narcissism can negatively affect the object relationships and perfectionism of medical students. Considering the mental health of students, their academic and work performance can be positively affected.

Emotional and behavioral problems such as crime cause serious damage the adolescents and relatives’ normal process. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the life quality in the criminal and normal adolescent in the city of Lordegan.

The present study was conducted through quantitative method in causal-comparative type. The statistical population of the present study was the criminal adolescents (12-to-18-year-old age group) in the town of Lordegan in juvenile detention center in 2020. The research sample included 60 criminal and 60 non-criminal adolescents homogenous in age and gender who were selected through available method (total number of 120 adolescents). The applied questionnaire included life quality questionnaire (Weir and Sherbon, 1992) which were filled out individually by the members of the two groups.

According to the results, there is a significant difference (p<0.05) between life quality and its aspects including the role disorder due to emotional health, emotional wellbeing, social function and general health in the criminal and normal adolescents in a way that the criminal adolescents have higher role disorder and weaker emotional wellbeing, social function, and general health than the normal adolescents.

According to the low level of life quality in the emergence of adolescents’ crime, and taking the increasing inflation in recent years and the decrease of economic aspect of the adolescents’ life quality, it is better to hold interventions with the purpose of increasing the adolescents’ life quality at schools in order to avoid the emergence of crime.

The present study aims to explain the sociological factors affecting attitudes toward job empowerment in the direction of social health. The research method was a survey based on the technique of written interview (researcher-made questionnaire based on the Reniss Likert scale), referring to 150 women working in the four districts of District 22 of Tehran Municipality and estimating the sample size using Morgan table. Based on the results obtained a). Based on regression analysis: 1. By increasing the expectation and motivation of job empowerment, justice and equity of job empowerment, job empowerment goal setting, empowerment leadership style, strategic offer award of female employees working in four districts of Tehran Municipality, have a high attitude towards job empowerment They will be. B) According to the regression equation, from 46% of the share of factors affecting the attitude of female employees among the four districts of District 22 of Tehran Municipality, to job empowerment: 1. 25% is related to the share (increase) of expectations and motivation. 2. The amount of 14% is related to the share (increase) of justice and equality. 3. The amount of 1% is related to the share (increase) of targeting increase. 4. The amount of 1% is related to the share (increase) of increasing leadership style change. It seems that married female employees, over 40 years old, have a core family of positive expectations and motivation, positive targeting mechanisms, positive justice and equality systems, have a high attitude in their job empowerment in the relevant organization

Considering the association between sleep duration and lifestyle factors, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between sleep duration and the type of snack consumption.

This cross-sectional study was done on 9572 people aged over 19 years in Isfahan, Najafabad and Arak counties in the framework of the last phase of Isfahan Healthy Heart Program (IHHP). Dietary information was obtained through a food frequency questionnaire. According to the hours of sleep per day, participants were stratified into three groups with low (≤6 hours), adequate (≥6 and ≤9 hours) and long (≥9 hours) sleep duration. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between snack type and sleep duration.

Participants consisted of 4028 males and 3882 females. People who slept more than 9 hours consumed more fruits and natural juices than people who had adequate sleep duration (OR = 1.01; 95% CI: 1.002-1.02). Also, people with longer sleep duration consumed fewer amounts of nuts than people with adequate sleep duration (OR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94-0.99). Consumption of soft drinks and industrial juices in people with short sleep was more than people with adequate sleep duration (OR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01-1.05).

According to the results, although there may be a relationship between sleep duration and choosing a healthy or unhealthy snacks, it is not possible to determine a conspicuous pattern for snacks.

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) cysts are often discovered by accident. Due to the lack of specific methods for the definitive diagnosis of premalignant lesions, the management of LUQ cysts is of great importance. In this regard, Awareness of differential diagnoses (such as adrenal and pancreatic cysts), the use of imaging techniques, and surgical indications are very important.

A 56-year-old woman with a history of the left adrenal cyst was referred to the Department of Surgery for LUQ pain after eating. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scan showed a 120 mm cystic lesion of the left adrenal gland. The patient was a candidate for laparoscopic surgery. During surgery and contrary to the initial diagnosis, a large cyst about 150 mm in the tail of the pancreas was detected by the involvement of the splenic vein and artery. Distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy were performed. Pathological examination revealed a mucinous tubulopapillary neoplasm with high-grade dysplasia along with an undifferentiated pancreatic carcinoma that was as small as 5 mm.

Current imaging techniques are not able to pinpoint the origin of large LUQ cysts, which can lead to errors in the management of malignant lesions of the pancreas or adrenal. Therefore, it seems that the use of the laparoscopic method not only has advantages such as less pain, reduced hospitalization period, and faster return to daily activities but also can help make the correct diagnosis during surgery and allow the surgeon to make the right decision.

Obesity is one of the common public health problems, the increasing trend of which has become one of the major global health concerns, the present study was conducted with the aim of predicting health-related quality of life based on Alexitimia and distress tolerance in obese people.

The research method was correlation. The statistical population included all obese patients in Tehran in 2019. Among these, 250 people were selected by available sampling method. Participants were evaluated with Weber's (1992) health-related quality of life questionnaires, Toronto's aphasia (1992) and Simmons and Gaher's (2005) distress tolerance. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 23 software.

The findings showed that the variables of Alexitimia and distress tolerance can explain 16.4% of the variance of health-related quality of life and all the mentioned variables have a significant effect on health-related quality of life (P<0.01).

Based on the obtained results, it can be said that the quality of life related to health in obese people can be predicted based on Alexitimia and distress tolerance.

The aim of this study was to investigate the sociological causes and factors of the tendency of women and girls over 18 years old in Tehran to model. The research method is quantitative and "descriptive / analytical" survey. The statistical population of the present study was all women over 18 years of age in Tehran. The sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula of 385 people, which we increased to 400 items. The tool was a questionnaire and the sampling method was a multi-stage cluster. To examine and analyze the research questions, first the normality of the data was examined using the Kolmogorov / Smirnov test and after determining the normality of the research data, the relationship between the variables and Pearson correlation coefficient was used using the software. SPSS 22 software was measured and at the end, Emos 24 software was used to evaluate the goodness of fit of the variables of the main hypotheses of the research. Findings show between social class, body satisfaction, mass media use, cultural consumption, cultural capital (embodied, objectified and institutionalized), economic capital, social capital (social cohesion, membership). There is a significant and positive relationship between the tendencies of Tehranian women and girls in social networks, but there was a significant and inverse relationship between the variables of religious belief and religious rites and the tendencies of Tehranian women and girls. And the girls of Tehran are obvious, revolving around the identity of fame and individuality.

In this research, a model for formulating market-oriented strategic planning in small and medium enterprises (SME) was designed with a case study of Health-Oriented Companies. The research method was applied and qualitative. In order to gain a correct understanding of the most important components of market-oriented strategic planning, through targeted sampling, an in-depth interview was conducted with 15 university professors, experts, and specialists in the field of marketing and strategic marketing planning of small and medium enterprises. Then, the collected data was analyzed using Grounded Theory method to provide a comprehensive and localized model for formulating market-oriented strategic planning in small and medium-sized companies. The results showed that the central phenomena of the value chain, systemic view, market intelligence and strategic partnership, taking into account the effects of background conditions, causal conditions and moderating variables on it, can lead to Strategic effectiveness, achieving dynamic capabilities of market orientation and organizational resilience using competitive value creation strategies, development of strategic competitiveness and strategic agility as their strategy.

Drug addiction as a phenomenon occurs in any country, whether developed or developing, and due to its consequences, this phenomenon is classified as a social harm, which is the basis for many other harms. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness on the attitude to drug use and impulsivity of drug dependent adolescents.

In this research, a semi-experimental method and a pre-test and post-test design with a control group were used. The statistical population of this research was made up of adolescents who referred to addiction treatment clinics in the 1st district of Tehran. From this community, 34 people were randomly selected and randomly replaced in the experimental and control groups. The implementation method was as follows: after the pre-test of attitude towards substance use and impulsivity, cognitive therapy based on mindfulness was implemented for the experimental group and the post-test was performed for both groups. The research findings were analyzed using covariance.

The findings showed that the mean attitude towards substance use and impulsivity of the experimental group decreased in the post-test compared to the pre-test. The result of covariance analysis showed that after removing the pre-test effect, the mean post-test scores of the two groups had a statistically significant difference (p<0.001).

This study shows that cognitive therapy based on mindfulness can be used to improve the attitude towards drug use and impulsivity of drug dependent adolescents.

Domestic violence causes stress and post-traumatic stress disorder in the people victim of violence. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of unified trans-diagnostic treatment on the signs of post-traumatic stress and action resilience in the girls victim of domestic violence.

The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up design. The statistical population included the girls victim of domestic violence in the autumn of academic year 2019-20. 30 people were selected through purposive sampling method and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups. The research instruments included the questionnaire of experienced domestic violence (Aghakhani et.al, 1994), post-traumatic stress disorder questionnaire (Weathers et.al, 1993), psychological resilience questionnaire (Dennis, Vander Wal, 2010). The data were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA.

The results of the study showed that the unified trans-diagnostic treatment is effective on the signs of post-traumatic stress disorder (F=50.02, Eta=0.64, p≥001) and action resilience (F=46.04, Eta=0.62, P≥0001) in the girls victim of domestic violence.

The findings of the present study prove that the unified trans-diagnostic treatment can be used as an efficient treatment to decrease the signs of posttraumatic stress disorder and improve action resilience in the girls victim of domestic violence through employing techniques such as diagnosing emotions, training emotional awareness, cognitive reevaluation, diagnosing emotion avoidance models and investigating the behaviors which are the result of emotion.

The theory of failed mentalization, one of the major theories in the conceptualization of borderline personality disorder, knows the individual deficit in various aspects of the constructs of the theory of mind as the core psychopathology and explains the emergence, evolution, and manifestation of symptoms based on it. However, there is no consensus in the research on this theory. The present study aimed to compare the theory of mind in borderline personality disorder with healthy individuals.

This descriptive study followed a causal-comparative research design. The literate adults living in Tehran province made up the statistical population of the study. Two groups, including individuals with borderline personality disorder (n=15) and healthy individuals (n=15), were selected using convenience sampling. Research findings were obtained through the Structured Clinical Interviews (SCID-II) (1994), the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) (1994), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) (1961), Beck Anxiety Inventory (1990), and Baron-Cohen’s Reading the Mind in the Eye Test (2001). The data were then analyzed by one-way multivariate analysis of variance.

The findings showed no significant difference in the ability of the theory of mind between the members of the clinical group with borderline personality disorder and the healthy group (p≤0.05).

There is still no complete consensus on the lack of ability of theory of mind in borderline personality disorder, and the mere diagnosis of this disorder does not reflect the lack of this ability in patients. Thus, the initial assessments and the selection of treatment methods based on the theory of mind need more attention in this disorder.

Drug addiction as a phenomenon occurs in any country, whether developed or developing, and due to its consequences, this phenomenon is classified as a social harm, which is the basis for many other harms. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness on the attitude to drug use and impulsivity of drug dependent adolescents.

In this research, a semi-experimental method and a pre-test and post-test design with a control group were used. The statistical population of this research was made up of adolescents who referred to addiction treatment clinics in the 1st district of Tehran. From this community, 34 people were randomly selected and randomly replaced in the experimental and control groups. The implementation method was as follows: after the pre-test of attitude towards substance use and impulsivity, cognitive therapy based on mindfulness was implemented for the experimental group and the post-test was performed for both groups. The research findings were analyzed using covariance.

The findings showed that the average attitude towards substance use and impulsivity of the experimental group increased and decreased respectively in the post-test compared to the pre-test. The result of covariance analysis showed that after removing the pre-test effect, the mean post-test scores of the two groups had a statistically significant difference (p<0.001).

This study shows that cognitive therapy based on mindfulness can be used to improve the attitude towards drug use and impulsivity of drug dependent adolescents.

The aim of the current research was the pathology of self-harm (suicide and self-mutilation) among divorced women with borderline personality disorder syndrome: the case study was divorced women with temporary marriage experience.

The method of the current research was a qualitative phenomenological type. The study sample included 15 divorced women with experience of temporary marriage in the western cities of Tehran province (Rabat Karim and Parand) in 2019, who had problems related to borderline personality disorder with cases registered in welfare, which were selected by sampling method. were selected purposefully. To identify women, borderline personality disorder questionnaire (Leichsenring, 1999) was distributed among 350 people and 15 people with scores higher than 10 were selected, then a semi-structured interview was conducted with 15 of the selected people, then a word-for-word interview was conducted. was constructed and analyzed by interpretive phenomenology method.

In this study, 3 main themes and several sub-themes were identified: 1) emotions, such as impulsive behaviors, rapid changes in self-image and mood changes; 2) environmental sensitivity, such as inflexible laws and; 3) Communication, such as lack of mutual understanding, difficulty in conversation, superficial relationship and lack of empathy. 

According to the findings, it can be said that self-harm in divorced women is influenced by personality traits, emotions, environmental sensitivity and communication, and it is necessary to provide a support system for divorced women with psychological problems.

 The elements of lesson planning and, accordingly, the content of textbooks must be consistent with the identity of students and knowing the current identity of students is necessary and obvious in order to improve lesson planning and the content of textbooks. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to Identifying and presenting the ideal curriculum model with a phenomenological approach, appropriate to the identity of adolescents.

 The research method is qualitative and with a phenomenological approach. The statistical population of the research includes the students of the second year of high school, 36 people were selected by non-probability targeted sampling. Data collection was done using semi-structured interviews. The researcher analyzed the propositions obtained by using Claisey's seven-stage method.

The results showed that 40, 58, and 47 sub-themes were selected for the interview in three fields of technical, professional, academic, and theoretical in coding, which were effective factors in the formation of identity. In the coding of the main themes for the professional technical field, 13 themes are included, which include, practical education, attention to spirituality, attention to materials, lessons for the future job, comprehensiveness in education, attention to human values, comprehensiveness of lessons, observance of educational justice, school and class atmosphere, social identity development, intellectual development, moral nature development and teacher leadership were identified.

Based on the results of the research, it can be said that the selected main themes can be suitable for the identification of adolescents with the curriculum and the chosen model is desirable.

Lack of coordination and anxiety are major problems of children with developmental coordination disorder. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating body percussion exercises on motor coordination and anxiety of children with developmental coordination disorder.

 The present study was a semi-experimental type. The statistical population consisted of 8-10-year-old female students with developmental coordination disorder in Khoy city. Among them, 30 volunteer girls with developmental coordination disorder, based on the developmental coordination disorder questionnaire (Wilson et al., 2009) ) and the set of children's movement assessment test-second edition (Henderson et al., 2007) were purposefully identified and participated in the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups of fifteen people. In order to evaluate the students' coordination, motor coordination test (KTK) was used, and to evaluate children's anxiety, the improved short-form Spence children's anxiety scale was used. The participants of the experimental group performed the drumming program for 6 weeks, three sessions (18 sessions in total) and 45minutes. The data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance test at a significance level of 0/05 and with SPSS version 24 software.

The results showed that the percussion training program reduced anxiety (p<0.001) and improved motor coordination in children with developmental coordination disorder (p<0.001).

Based on the research findings, body percussion exercises can be used to improve motor coordination and anxiety of children with developmental coordination disorder.

Type 2 diabetes is a multifactorial disease, with both genetic and environmental factors influencing its prevalence. The aim of this experimental study was to determine the effect of 6 weeks of resistance training on GLP1 expression in pancreatic tissue as well as glucose and insulin levels in type 2 diabetic rats.

The statistical population consisted of all male Wistar rats of Pasteur Institute of Iran, from which 14 10-week-old rats weighing 220 ± 20 g were purchased. The studied rats were exposed to 6 weeks of high-fat diet and STZ injection of type 2 diabetes and were randomly divided into two groups (control and resistance). The resistance group then participated in a resistance training course for 6 weeks with 5 sessions per week. 48 hours after the last training session, fasting glucose and insulin levels and GLP1 expression in pancreatic tissue of both groups were measured and compared by independent t-test. All statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS / Win software version 16.

Resistance training improved fasting glucose levels compared to the control group. Serum insulin levels and GLP1 expression in pancreatic tissue of the resistance group increased significantly compared to the control group. Significant level of α = % 5 was considered.

Based on the findings of this study, increased serum insulin in response to resistance training in T2D rats may be attributed with increased Mafa expression in pancreas tissue.

Autism spectrum disorder leads to acute behavioral disorders such as aggression in the inflected children. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of training mindfulness to the mothers of the children with autism spectrum disorder on the decrease of their aggression.

the present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and one-month follow-up period design. The statistical population of the present study included eighty five six-to-twelve-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder who referred to two autism rehabilitation centers in the city of Tehran (Shamim and Fariha)in the spring and summer of 2019. 20 people (14 boys and 6 girls) were selected through purposive sampling method and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of ten children). The mothers of the children present in the experimental group received twelve sessions of training mindfulness during three months. The research questionnaires included children’s aggression questionnaire (Shahim, 2006). The data were analyzed via repeated measurement ANOVA.

The findings of the present study showed that training mindfulness to the mothers of the children with autism spectrum disorder was effective on the decrease of their aggression (F=12.06, Eta=0.62, P≥0002).

The findings of the present study indicated that training mindfulness can be used as an efficient method to decrease aggression in the children with autism spectrum disorder through employing techniques such as thoughts, emotions and mindful behavior.

An investigation to the predisposing factors resulting in addictive use of internet among students for eliminating such behavior and its consequences seems highly important. Hence, the purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between personality traits and academic performance and internet addiction of high school second period students in Bijar, Iran.

The method of the study was correlational descriptive. The statistical population of the study was all male students of high school second period in Bijar in 1397-98 academic year (2018-19). The sample of the study included 310 participants selected through random cluster sampling. Young Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI), and students’ average as the criterion for academic performance were all used for data collection.

There was a positive and significant relationship between neuroticism and internet addiction (r=0.29, P<0.01), a negative and significant relationship between extraversion and internet addiction (r=-0.24, P<0.01), a negative and significant relationship between agreeableness and internet addiction (r=-0.24, P<0.01), and a negative and significant relationship between consciousness and internet addiction (r=-0.41, P<0.01). The findings also indicated that there was a negative and significant relationship between academic performance and internet addiction (R=-0.12, P<0.05). Also conscientiousness (P = 0.01, β = -0.40) in negative and neuroticism (P <0.01, β = 0.16) were able to predict Internet addiction positively.

Personality traits of students and their weak academic performance play a role in addictive behaviors such as internet addiction.

The issue of women's social security in public spaces has become one of the most important issues as it has a direct relationship with their participation and well-being in society. The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of social security of women and study the factors affecting it.

The research method is a survey and the data collection tool is an interview-based on a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study is all young women aged 15-75 living in Arak. The sample size is based on Cochran's formula and error compensation due to incomplete questionnaires of 400 people. A multi-stage cluster sampling method based on regions and statistical blocks has been used.

The results showed that the level of social security of women is slightly below average and among the components of security, women feel the most lack of psychological, occupational, financial, and personal security, respectively. Factors such as social capital, attitudes toward the police and gender values and attitudes, irregularities, high-risk lifestyles, economic and social status, age, and marital status are also linked to women's security through mechanisms such as social protection and social control.

It can be recommended that policy interventions to strengthen women's social security should be aimed at improving their social and physical environments rather than behavioral characteristics. In general, a set of factors that have structural rather than behavioral characteristics affect women's social security.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), in addition to it's high rate of transmission and high mortality, affects mental health of individuals, and since the rate of psychological trauma of traumatic events is wider and more enduring than that of physical trauma; the purpose of this study was to compare obsessive-compulsive symptoms and sleep problems in patients recovered from COVID-19 and healthy individuals.

This study is a descriptive causal-comparative study. 100 patients recovered from COVID-19 and 100 healthy individuals were selected as the research sample by available sampling method from students of Iranian universities of medical sciences. Both groups completed the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including multivariate analysis of variance were used.

The results of statistical tests showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in all subscales of obsessive-compulsive symptoms except hoarding subscale and the mean scores of patients recovered from COVID-19 were higher in these components (P<0.05). There was also a significant difference between the two groups in variables of sleep problems in all components except the subjective sleep quality, sleep latency and the use of sleep medication, and patients recovered from COVID-19 suffered more from sleep problems (P<0.05).

According to the findings of this study, development of appropriate educational and treatment programs to reduce the obsessive-compulsive symptoms and sleep problems in community members especially the patients recovered from COVID-19 is recommended.

Introduction and

Family is considered the most important part of every society that maintaining its foundation can lead to the society growth. Therefore the present study was conducted aiming to investigate the effectiveness of selection theory training on the couples’ marital satisfaction and marital disturbance.

The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and control group design. The statistical population included all the married couples with marital problems referring to consultation centers in the city of Hamedam in the autumn of 2018. 20 couples were selected through purposive sampling method and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control group (each group of 10 couples). The experimental group received eight ninety-minute sessions of selection theory intervention (Glasser, 2000) during two months. The applied questionnaires in this study included marital conflict questionnaire (Barati and Sanaei, 1996), marital satisfaction questionnaire (Enrich, 1998) and marital disturbance questionnaire (Paienz, 1996). The data from the study were analyzed through ANCOVA and Bonferroni follow-up test.

The results showed that selection theory training has significant effect on the marital satisfaction and marital disturbance (p<0.001) in a way that this training has succeeded in leading to the improvement of marital satisfaction and decrease of marital disturbance in the couples.

The findings of the present study revealed that selection theory training can be used as an efficient method to improve marital satisfaction and decrease of marital disturbance in the couples through employing techniques such as explaining internal and external control and accountability .

Correct administration of injectable medicines is important for achieving therapeutic response and therefore treating the patients. Inappropriate medication administration results in complications like drug interactions or adverse reactions. Therefore, the present paper will evaluate the current status of injectable drugs admixture and administration in emergency settings of three educational hospitals affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

In the present study, the emergency wards of Ghaem, Imam Reza and Kamyab hospitals evaluated and total number of 1000 medical records were randomly reviewed during 7 months. The researcher collected information about drugs’ name, administration root and rate, and also the type and volume of diluting solution. Then, this information was assessed based on available scientific guidelines.

Among 1000 medical records which were evaluated during a seven months period, approximately 85.1% of cases were confirmed to be used appropriately. The most common bulk solution used for drug administration was normal saline (66.3%). the most common errors were seen in administration rate and choosing the wrong administration root as intramuscular.

According to our results, more than 80% of injectable drugs in emergency settings of these 3 hospitals in Mashhad are being administered in an appropriate manner according to available guidelines. While the most errors are seen in rate of infusion, it is recommended to plan clinical lessons in order to reeducate the medical staff about administration and preparation of injectable medicines to reduce the rate of unwanted complications.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness and acceptance and commitment education on academic achievement of female students during the Covid 19 epidemic.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up period. The research sample consisted of 45 people (mindfulness experimental group: 15 people, acceptance and commitment experimental group: 15 people and control group: 15 people) who were among all female high school students in education and upbringing areas 1 And 2 cities of Sari in the academic year 1399-00 were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method and completely randomly (lottery). Measurement tools in pre-test, post-test and follow-up were the standard questionnaire of academic enthusiasm of Shuffle et al. (2002). For the experimental groups, mindfulness training and acceptance-based training and Internet-based commitment were performed in 8 sessions using Link Team software. During this period, the subjects of the control group received no intervention. They did not.

At 95% confidence level (α = 0.05), the results of analysis of variance in repeated measures showed that during the Covid 19 epidemic, mindfulness training and training based on acceptance and commitment of the Internet ‌ Axis has a significant effect on students' academic achievement. the effectiveness of acceptance-based education on academic achievement was greater than mindfulness education.

In order to improve the academic motivation of students in the Covid-19 era, mindfulness training and acceptance and commitment training can be used. However, the use of mindfulness training is recommended.

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of group emotional schema therapy on self-efficacy and pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

The research method is semi-experimental, and the research design is pre-test, post-test, follow-up with expanded control group. The statistical population included all patients with rheumatoid arthritis referring to rheumatology clinics and rheumatology departments of Shiraz hospitals. 45 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were randomly assigned into 3 experimental, placebo and control groups. Sherer General Self-Efficacy Questionnaire and McGill Pain Questionnaire were completed by all three groups of participants, before the intervention of emotional Schemas group therapy on the experimental group, after intervention and 3 months later. For data analysis, multivariate analysis of variance, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), tukey post hoc test, Chi-square test and repeated measures analysis of variance, were used.

The results showed that emotional schemas group therapy had a significant effect on increasing self-efficacy and reducing pain (sensory, emotional, cognitive, miscellaneous and general components) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and their effects remained after 3 months follow up (p <0.05).

 According to findings it can be concluded that emotional schemas group therapy can be used as a useful intervention to increase self-efficacy and decrease pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

The workload resulting from the occurrence of multiple couvid-19 virus epidemic and the psychological burden created causes anxiety in nurses. Therefore the present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of positive psychotherapy on the psychological empowerment and promotion of behaviors health of female nurses with anxiety symptoms.

The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and control group design and two-month follow-up stage. The statistical population of the present study included the female nurses with anxiety symptoms in the city of Isfahan in the winter quarter of 2020. 33 female nurses with anxiety symptoms were selected through purposive sampling method and were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received positive psychotherapy online in 8 sessions of 75 minutes per month. The applied questionnaires in this study included anxiety questionnaire, psychological empowerment and promotion of behaviors health. The data were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test.

The results showed that the Positive psychotherapy has significant effect on the psychological empowerment and promotion of behaviors health of female nurses with anxiety symptoms (p<0.001).

According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that positive psychotherapy can be used as an efficient treatment to increase psychological empowerment and promotion of behaviors health of female nurses with anxiety symptoms through employing techniques such as a positive outlook on life and teaching optimism and hope for the future.

Exam anxiety is one of the most important characteristics in students' learning disabilities and psychological capital enables students to, in addition to better coping with stressful situations, in Have high power against problems. The aim of this study was to model the structural relationships between self-efficacy, psychological capital and academic anxiety of high school students in Babol.

The method of this study was correlational. The statistical population of all high school students in the academic year 1398-1399 in the city of Babol included 15,300 students and the number of statistical samples based on the Cochran's formula was 375 people who were randomly selected into clusters. To measure the variables of self-efficacy, psychological capital and test anxiety, Lutans et al.'s (2007) Psychological Capital Questionnaire and Sarason and Mendler (1952) Test Anxiety Questionnaire were used, respectively.

The results showed that the path coefficient between hope and test anxiety (P <0.001, β = 0.14) was negative and significant, the path coefficient between optimism and test anxiety (P <0.001, 0.07 - = β) negative and significant, path coefficient between resilience and test anxiety (P <0.001, -0- 26.26) negative and significant and path coefficient between self-efficacy with test anxiety (P <0.001) , Β = -0.31 was negative and significant.

Based on the findings of this study, self-efficacy and components of psychological capital have an effect on reducing students' exam anxiety and cause students to be psychologically prepared for the exam.

The anticancer agent, busulfan, has been reported to adversely affect the male reproductive system such as damaging the sperm parameters. It was shown that L-carnitine and resveratrol can reduce busulfan side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of these agents on the testicular sperm parameters and the expression of the protamine gene in the azoospermic rat model. A total of 78 Sprague Dawley male rats were included in this study and divided into six groups of thirteen rats: control, L-carnitine plus resveratrol (L-ca + RES), busulfan (BUS), busulfan plus L-carnitine (BUS + L-ca), busulfan plus resveratrol (BUS + RES), and busulfan plus L-carnitine plus RES (BUS + L-ca + RES). After 48 days, the sperm parameters and protamine expression were investigated. The results showed significant improvement in the sperm criteria including the increase in sperm motility, viability, count and the expression level of protamine as well as the decrease in abnormal morphology and immature sperm percentage after treatment with L-ca and RES compared to BUS treatment. In conclusion, treatment with L-ca, RES and their combination after administration of BUS may be useful to reduce the side effects of BUS on male fertility by improving the sperm quality. Moreover, our data indicated that the combination of L-ca + BUS + RES was more effective in regulating the cytotoxic effects of busulfan. Hence, we can consider the L-ca and RES as beneficial agents to attenuate the adverse effects of the BUS.

Recognizing problems is one of the most effective activities in the implementation and continuation of macro projects. The health system transformation plan, like any other plan, has faced problems and issues. This study was conducted with the aim of pathology of the implementation of the health system transformation plan.

During sampling by targeted judgment methods and snowballs with 15 experts and experts active in the field of policy making and implementation of health system policies and managers and medical staff working in medical centers - education affiliated to Iranian universities of medical sciences Semi-structured interviews were conducted. The interviews continued until the data reached the theoretical saturation stage. Data extracted from the text of the interviews were analyzed using theme analysis method.

After analyzing and coding the data, the identified damages based on the three-pronged model in the form of three main themes: structural and process damages (8 sub-themes and 24 concepts), behavioral damages (4 sub-themes and 14 Concept) and environmental damage (5 sub-themes and 21 concepts) were categorized. In total, the identified injuries were categorized into 3 main themes, 16 sub-themes and 59 concepts.

It is suggested that the relevant authorities to improve the structural, behavioral and environmental (underlying) factors to increase the effectiveness of this plan to be useful in providing health and treatment of vulnerable groups in the country.

The aim of this study was to predict the tendency to divorce based on cognitive flexibility, emotional regulation and early maladaptive schemas in Iranian couples living in Iran and Canada. This research is a applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive correlation in terms of implementation and data collection method. The statistical population of the study is all Iranian couples who are in Iran and living in Canada and have been living together for 5 years. From the statistical population of the study, 240 couples (140 couples living in Iran and 110 Iranian couples living in Canada) were selected by convenience sampling method. In order to collect data, Johnson & Moro (1986) Divorce Tendency Questionnaire, Young Schematic Questionnaire (Short Form, Third Edition, 90 items), Dennis and Vanderwall Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire (2010) (CFI) and Gross and John Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2003) was used. In order to analyze the data, correlation and regression tests were used. The results of correlation test showed that there is no relationship between cultural and social components with marital divorce and the relationship between early maladaptive schemas with a tendency to positive divorce and correlation between cognitive flexibility and regulation. Emotion with a tendency to divorce is negative.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between primary maladaptive schemas and happiness with marital satisfaction in married women of Isfahan city in a correlational design.

The population of this research included married women living in Isfahan city. 270 married women living in Isfahan city were selected by voluntary sampling method and they answered Young's schema, Oxford happiness and marital satisfaction questionnaires. Research data were analyzed using statistical methods of Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise regression and SPSS-23 statistical software.

It showed that the predictor variables of schemas of emotional deprivation, insufficient self-control, and damage to loss and illness are negative predictors and the variable of happiness is a significant positive predictor of marital satisfaction, and happiness has the highest ability to predict marital satisfaction.

It can be concluded that happiness, schemas of emotional deprivation, insufficient self-control, and damage to loss and illness, respectively, play a role in predicting marital satisfaction of married women.