نشریه دانشور پزشکی
پیاپی 157 (بهمن و اسفند 1400)

The Islamic Republic of Iran was chemically attacked by the Saddam Hossein’s enemy for five years during the imposed war and this issue caused many physical and psychological injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the general health status and its relationship with the socio-economic status of non-army citizens of Sardasht.

This study was part of the research of Ghazanfari, Vaezmahdavi, et al since 2008. The study population was 28 chemical warfare veterans in Sardasht who were evaluated using the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), rating from 0 for best to 84 the worth health situation. Also, the relationship between the general health situation and socio-economic status were considered. In addition, the level of education, severity of exposure, injury rate and quality of life were evaluated.

The mean of general health in normal, mild and severe exposure groups was 50.0, 51.5 and 29.8, respectively, which indicates difference in general health of between group severe with group mild and normal (P<0.05). Also, there was a significant relationship between the variables of socio-economic status, level of education, quality of life, intensity of exposure and the percentage of casualties with general health in most groups. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and nonlinear regression.

The results showed that improving socio-economic status plays an important role in public and mental health. So, the socio economic status is a significant predictor contributing destructive effects of mustard gas on general and mental health and influences actual health situation.

Maternal beliefs are influential in choosing the type of delivery. the study of determining factors in choosing the method of delivery using the health belief model can be helpful in predicting the type of delivery selected by mothers. the aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the choice of delivery method by nulliparous pregnant women.

A total of 73 nulliparous pregnant women referred to shaheed mostafa khomeini hospital in Tehran in 1400 entered a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. Data collection tool, two-part questionnaire including demographic characteristics and questions related to the health belief model including 7 self-efficacy factors, misconception of the benefits of cesarean delivery, exaggeration in the risks of vaginal delivery, perceived sensitivity, general beliefs, willingness to accept was the mindset of health professionals (physician, midwife). Data analysis was performed with SPSS software version 16.

Comparison of mothers with cesarean section and mothers with vaginal delivery were significantly different in mean scores of self-efficacy (p<0.005), misdiagnosis (p<0.001) and exaggeration of natural childbirth risks (p<0.001). Comparing the mean scores of perceived sensitivity, general beliefs, willingness to accept and the mindset of health professionals for mothers with the choice of cesarean section and natural delivery was not statistically significant.

The findings showed that perceived self-efficacy, misconceptions and exaggerations in the risks of vaginal delivery predict the type of childbirth selected. Education based on these factors can be useful in choosing the method of delivery.

Vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) is one of the strategies developed to control the growing number of cesarean sections and is still under investigation. In this study, we investigated the neonatal and maternal complications of VBAC. 

In this cross-sectional study, all pregnant women with a history of cesarean section who decided to have VBAC from 2019 to 2020 were included in the study. Demographic information and postpartum outcomes including success rate of VBAC, its maternal and neonatal complications, and causes of VBAC failure were assessed. 

255 pregnant women with a mean age of 31.95 years and BMI of 29.98 kg/m2 were present on study. The mean time elapsed since the last delivery was 5.57 years. VBAC was successful in 77.6% of cases and  lack of delivery progress and lack of response to induction  were the cause of 85.5% of failures. VBAC was uncomplicated in 97% of  mothers and 95.5% of neonates. The average Apgar score of the first and fifth minutes was 8.99 and 10, respectively. The most common maternal complication was bleeding (2%) and the most common neonatal complication was RDS (3%). No case of mortality or uterine rupture was observed. 

VBAC is successful in 77.6% of cases and in unsuccessful cases, decline FHR and failure to descent are the most common causes of failure. Also, VBAC-born neonates have a favorable Apgar score and blood gas analysis, and in more than 95% of cases, there are no maternal or neonatal complications.

Although many studies have been performed concerning the effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on wound healing, the repairing effects of these cells are still controversial. In this context, the present study investigated the effect of spraying the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells suspension on diabetic wound healing and skin tissue collagen synthesis in an animal model.

In this experimental study, abdominal adipose tissue was obtained from patients referred for abdominoplasty. Mesenchymal cells were isolated from adipose tissue and identified by micoscoic examination and flow cytometry. Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes in 10 male Wistar rats. Wounds with a diameter of 0.8 cm were created by a biopsy punch in the back of diabetic rats. Animals were divided into two groups: control (untreated) and treated with mesenchymal cell. After treatment, wound healing was assessed by photographic methods on days 7, 14 and 21 and the collagen synthesis was evaluated using Mason’s trichrome method.

Observational data showed that the wound healing rate was higher in the treatment group than control group. 21 days after treatment, the density of collagen fibers, the formation of tissue vessels and the collagen fibers arrangement had higher quality in the treatment group than the control group.

Spraying the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in diabetic wound area can increase the collagen synthesis in the wound area and accelerate the healing of the diabetic wound. According to which, the use of these cells can be considered in cell therapy of wounds.

Klebsiella can cause urinary tract infections that is associated with drug resistance. Capsule production as a means of resistance can prevent host immune system responses. This study investigated the effect of a PLGA nanoparticles vaccine containing capsule antigen.

Vaccination of 20 mice with an age of 3-5 weeks (with a weight range of 22±18 g) was performed in four groups of capsules, PLGA, PLGA-capsule combination (PLGA+CPS) and control (PBS). In this study, the fabrication of nanoparticles was investigated by zetasizer and FITR tests. Microbial loading was also performed on the bladder.One-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test were used for statistical analysis .

The results of confirmation tests of zetaiser showed that the nanoparticle size and the size of PLGA nanoparticles containing capsule antigen molecule were 178.7 and 159.4 nm, respectively.The result of FTIR and the shapes of the corresponding peaks confirmed the presence of antigen functional groups in the nanoparticle structure and the formation of ester bonds.The resut of FTIR test also indicates the success of PLGA nanoparticles containing capsule antigen , the results of microbial challenge showed that in the control and PLGA groups, due to the fact that PLGA nanoparticles vaccine contain capsule antigen were not used, a significant increase was observed in terms of the number of colonies compared to other groups  )p<0/05( .

PLGA nanoparticles containing capsule antigen molecules have a better ability than pure capsules and can significantly reduce tissue damage.

Increased lipid peroxidation and imbalance of adipokines that affect insulin sensitivity such as vaspin can be effective in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of present study was comparison and determination of effect of eight-week training in water, resistance ladder and endurance running on catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), vaspin and insulin resistance in male rats.

A total of 41 male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (training in water, resistance ladder, endurance running, sham and control). After two weeks of adapting to the environment and learning the exercises, the training groups exercised for eight weeks. To measure study indices, we used ELISA method and the formula of insulin resistance homeostasis model. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used to test the hypotheses.

Eight-week of resistance training significantly increased catalase activity and decreased serum MDA levels more than the other two training methods. Moreover, eight weeks of endurance running and water training significantly reduced serum VASPIN and insulin resistance compared to resistance training (p<0.05).

It seems that resistance training to be superior to the other two training methods in reducing lipid peroxidation, while endurance running and training in water result in greater reductions in VASPIN and insulin resistance than resistance training.

Inflation and instability in food prices have affected low-income groups more than others and have resulted in the elimination of essential food groups in this type of households. Considering the changes in household’s behavior in the case of rising bread prices can help policymakers in the pricing of this product.

In this study, the price elasticity of bread is estimated by the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS). Then, using the results obtained, the change in household behavior in the case of rising bread prices is simulated with an agent-based simulation approach. Demand elasticity calculations are based on household survey data for 2016 and 2018 (for more than 18,000 households) and the impact of increasing bread prices on 5000 agents (households) in the Net Logo software is simulated.

The increase in the bread price has led to a 33% increase in the lowest quintile expenditures, which confirms that this product is a Giffen good for this group. Following the increase in the bread price, the burden of bread inflation on the budget in the first income quintile is more than 5 times of that of the fifth.

Following the increase in the bread price, the increased share of bread in the basket of low-income groups, indicates the substitution of this good for other essential food items. This point, in addition to the impacts of malnutrition and their consequences, bring the policymakers attention to critical point of not to manipulate the price of bread.

Niosomes are one of the new drug delivery systems. In this synthesis study, the properties and characteristics of nanosystems loaded amikacin for the aim of slow releasing and antibacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa were been investigated.

The synthesis nanocarriers were characterized by using DLS, zeta potential, SEM images, and FTIR analysis. The percentage of drug loading in the nanosystems were measured. After that, the release rate of the drug was checked. MIC microbiological tests were performed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Finally, with MTT method, the toxicity and effectiveness of the system on cell line A549 extracted from lung were evaluated.

In this study, by synthesis and optimization, with the highest loading efficiency of 95.15% at the formulations and the slowest release with a drug release rate of 65.27% in 60 hours to reduce the side effects of amikacin. We were able to increase the antimicrobial activity of amikacin niosomal against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and reduce the side effects compared to the free form and have a slower and more continuous release with greater effectiveness on bacteria. Studying this process on the lung cell lines was successful and free-form of amikacin has a more toxic effect than two drug-free and drug-free niosomal systems. Numerous mathematical models, including realistic and experimental/quasi-experimental mechanistic models, have been successfully introduced to quantitatively define drug release mechanisms and play an important role in designing a drug delivery system for drug release diagrams. That reported in results

Achieving optimal conditions for the preparation of nanosystems carrying amikacin and investigating the effect of this system on bacterial agents is an important step in science, research, and economic efficiency.