نشریه مطالعات تاریخی قرآن و حدیث
سال بیست و هفتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 70، پاییز و زمستان 1400)

Ibn Babawiyyah as the great narrator of the Shiite worldIn her travels, she has always used many scholars and elders with different Shiite and non-Shiite ideas. In the meantime, the existence of one of the nominees mentioned by Saduq with the meanings of "we are the right of my appointment"; It occupies the minds of why and how to use these elders. "Abu Nasr Ahmad Ibn Al-Hussein Al-Dhabi" is present in 4 works of Sadiq with such a description But it is very unknown in Rajali's works This research intends to analyze the works and news of Dhabi in a descriptive, analytical manner . Dhabi narrations on various subjects are sometimes cited by jurists, even the Imams, as the narration of the virtues of the Ahl al-Bayt can be seen in her narrations.Give a better understanding of this character from the point of view of Ibn Babawiyyah and all his contemporaries. This study introduces Dhabi news in Shiite sources from narrated hadiths The descendants of Saduq have given this Shiite color and smell to this news only by looking at the sources of Saduq And they have even used it in their jurisprudential sources. In this way, by exploring the environment and culture of Neishabour and the elders and students of Abu Nasr, it provides us with new information.

The appointment of the Imam by God is one of the issues raised in the Qur'an and narration sources. The manuscript of "Sollam Darajat" by Ibn Mashhadi, the author of the commentary of Kunz al-Daqiq, is one of the valuable sources in this field. Considering the evidences and followers of the two sects and the authenticity of the document and text of the four manuscript narrations in this chapter, it was proved by a descriptive-analytical method that regardless of the documents of the hadiths whose validity is not agreed upon by The scholars of the sects; The content of the narrations has a concise frequency, and has an authenticity. And it is known that Imamate is a divine covenant that was granted to Imam Ali and his holy children after the Messenger of God. And no individual, group or council can identify the Imam and Caliph after the Messenger of God or introduce an example for the Ahl al-Bayt of infallibility and purity; Even the Messenger of God and the previous Imam do not have the authority to appoint anyone as Imam; Because these examples have already been introduced by God and communicated to the Messenger of God .

One of the differences in opinions between the commentators of the Qur'an is the splitting of the moon during the lifetime of the Holy Prophet. One of the ways of processing texts is to pay attention to the historical course and their frequency in Islamic sources. The present article analyzes the historical trend of the development of these theories. The research information was analyzed from written sources of narrative and interpretive, summarized and then by descriptive-historical method. Studies from the time of the Companions to the fifteenth century show that the theory of 'split in the future' did not exist in commentary books until the middle of the fourth century, and the narrations cited by this group were all far from the age of revelation, if the sects doubted their validity. The reasons for the introduction of new ideas in society have grown over time to the point that in the present era, the unlikely occurrence of this miracle has received more attention with modern science. Contrary to this interpretation, the majority of commentators believe in the accuracy and sometimes frequency of the hadiths indicating the occurrence of the splitting of the moon as a miracle of the Holy Prophet and, depending on the time, deal briefly or in detail with the arguments of the opponents.

erse 207 of Al-Baqarah is known as the verse of Sharia Someone sells her life for the sake of God.This article is a comparative method Has studied the comprehensive narrations of Al-Bayan from Tabari has adapted it to Shiite interpretations. Tabari interprets the verse of Shara And brings 9 narrations. he categorizes them into three sections. Part One: Some narrations say: The verse was revealed about certain people from the emigrants. Part Two: Some narrations say: The verse was revealed about the emigrants and the Ansar. third part: Some narrations have spoken about the general revelation of the verse. they say: The verse was revealed about a person who sacrifices her life And jihad Or command to goodness in the way of God in obedience to God. Most of Tabari's narrations have been repeated in Shiite commentaries. Except that the narrations which show that Umar, Abu Bakr and Abu Hurayrah have determined the case have not been considered by Shiite commentators. There are different narrations in Shiite interpretations. He considered the dignity of the revelation of the verse to be related to Imam Ali (AS) sleeping in the bed of the Holy Prophet Which Tabari did not pay attention to This research clarified. In determining the case The opinion of Shiite commentators is preferable to other opinions;.

Historical Recognition of the Character of Ḥaḍrat ʿAbbās (peace be upon him)AbstractOne of the surest ways to be aware of the existential and personality aspects of religious leaders is the content and words that have been uttered by the Infallible Imams (as) about the person in question. On the other hand, the words and works that are left in the form of speeches, writings or wise short words of the mentioned person, can be effective in introducing him as much as possible. This article intends to use descriptive and analytical methods to analyze phrases from the pilgrimage of Ḥaḍrat ʿAbbās (as) which are expressed in the blessed words of Imam Ṣādiq (as) and also relying on the passionate sermon of Ḥaḍrat Qamar Bani Hāshim (as) to recognize the historical character and high status of Ḥaḍrat Abulfaḍl al-ʿAbbās (as). Keywords: Historical recognition, the Pilgrimage of Ḥaḍrat ʿAbbās, the Sermon of Ḥaḍrat ʿAbbās, the Position of surrender and acknowledgment, the Position of fidelity and advice.

Tashkent Codex is the most famous Codex in terms of its attribution to ʿUthmān. The books al-Muqniʿ and Mukhtaṣar al-Tabyīn are the most important sources containing the orthography of the ʿUthmānic codices and the main criterion for measuring the Quranic Orthography. This article tries to compare the orthography of Tashkent codex with the traditions of these two books and assess the orthography reports. The words of Tashkent codex are divided into three categories: 1. Words that are consistent with the traditions of the two books of al-Muqniʿ and Mukhtaṣar al-Tabyīn; 2. Words that are consistent only with the traditions of al-Muqniʿ or Mukhtaṣar al-Tabyīn; 3. Words that are inconsistent with the traditions of the books of al-Muqniʿ and Mukhtaṣar al-Tabyīn. Words that are inconsistent with the traditions of Sheykheyn in this codex can be divided into two parts: A) Words that do not correspond to the traditions of Sheykheyn, But other scholars have mentioned it; B) Words that do not correspond to the traditions of Sheykheyn and also there is no any other traditions confirming that orthography. The result of the study indicates that the orthography traditions should be supplemented and corrected in some cases by referring directly to the ancient codices.

Qira’at and Rasm al-Mushaf are one of the factors of understanding, researching and reading the Holy Quran, that affect and effect on each other. They have always been considered as challenging subjects of Quranic sciences. Although, the Quran attributed to the Ahl al-Bayt (P.B.U.Th) are among Shawadhdh Qira’at, but because of their attribution to the Ahl al-Bayt(P.B.U.Th) and interpretive aspects are of particular importance. From the perspective of Ibn al-Jazari, one of the conditions of the authenticity of the Qira’at is the conformity of Rasm al-Mushaf with at least one of the Masahef al-Amsar, even if possible. The question is that how much the Qira’at attributed to the Ahl al-Bayt (P.B.U.Th) corresponds to this condition.The research method of this paper is descriptive-analytical- case study using written sources of these sciences. This study focuses on 500 Qira’at attributed to Ahl al-Bayt (P.B.U.Th) . At the first glance, among these Qira’at, 312 are completely in accordance with the Rasm al-Mushaf and 188 are considered as opposed to the Rasm . However, in re-examining through seven methods of achievement of this paper, 55 other Qira’at, according to the Ibn al-Jazari's viewpoint are considered in accordance with the Rasm al-Mushaf.

Nowadays, the precise and principled understanding of the orientalists’ viewpoints and their research methods in studying the Qur’ān as well as the scientific criticism of these viewpoints based on robust religious and intellectual principles are undeniable necessities. Literary criticism is a critical method that has been applied by the orientalists to the qur’ānic studies. One of the scholars that has used this method – of course via an intertextual approach – to study the qur’ānic verses is Gerald Hawting, the British Qur’ān researcher. Hawting’s literary criticisms against the Qur’ān are in three directions, namely the appearance of the Qur’ān in a sectarian atmosphere, the dialectical nature of the qur’ānic verses, and the temporal lateness of the Qur’ān compared to its audience. These three dimensions can be rejected based on the intellectual and narrative reasons, as follows. First, the mere connection of the Islamic world with the monotheistic religions that had appeared before it is not a reason for the effectiveness of those religions on the appearance of the Qur’ān. Moreover, unlike other sacred Scriptures, the Qur’ān does not have a human nature and its text involves various types of miraculous qualities such as eloquence, sublimity of meaning, and freedom from any disagreement in expression. All these wonders derive from its divine and non-human nature. ...

Adherence to idioms, especially ancient idioms, is one of the most important and difficult issues that human beings have always faced. The term "companions" is one of these ancient and widely used terms in the texts of Islam, in which there is a difference of opinion; In such a way that this issue has become a point of contention and it has become difficult to identify the examples of the companions. This study has tried to carefully examine the semantic changes and evolutions of the term Companions throughout the history of Islam in historical reports and has used a descriptive-analytical method to achieve this. The results show that there is no effect or sign indicating the definition of the Companions or the people to whom the Companions refer, in the Qur'an or the hadiths, and the term Companions is a historical term, not a religious one. In the definitions offered over different centuries, two approaches have been emphasized that the dominant approach has been the approach of the narrators, but the definition of the fundamentalists has preceded the definition of the narrators. Lack of clarification of the definition of the Companion in the Shari'a, differences in the lexical meaning of the Companions, the precedence of the discussion of justice over the definition of the Companions and the presentation of a specific definition of the

Infidelity is one of the important and key issues in this religion and it seems that this word has a general meaning in the Qur'an and in the current situation in the research and political circles of the world, especially the Islamic world, it has a special sensitivity.The word infidelity has been used more than five hundred times in the Qur'an in various forms and meanings, which has different effects and rules. For example, if infidelity means atheism, polytheism, apostasy, hypocrisy, etc., it causes people to leave Islam. Citizenship rights including inheritance, marriage and. . . They are deprived, their property, breadth and life are not respectedAnd in the Hereafter, they will be afflicted with severe torment, and they will abide in Hell forever, and disbelief in this sense also leads to the condition of murder, but disbelief means ingratitude, farming, committing sins, abhorrence, denying idolatry, and so on. . . It means leaving the faith, not Islam

One of the important theories that has been expressed about the pre-worldly worlds for the creation of man is the theory of Ṣadr al-Mutaʾallehīn, which is an important turning point and a great innovation in the historical evolution of theories. By accepting the principle of the previous creation of man, he returns it to the independent intellectual identities which, in a pre-material world, were extracted from their rational causes and confessed to the Lordship of God in the present language. On the other hand, referring to more than 130 authentic narrations received from the Shiite Imams (as) about the previous worlds, shows that at least three positions of the spirit world, the world of the first particle and the world of the second particle can be traced and observed in the narrations with full intensity and appearance, which refers to the presence of human beings in these situations and their confessions. Ṣadr al-Mutaʾallehin's theory can to a large extent explain the narrations of this chapter based on the structure of transcendent wisdom; But it is felt that it has shortcomings in both directions and it cannot be considered completely consistent with the system used in the narrations.

Many believe that for centuries, the memory of the narrators has been the repository for the preservation of Imami hadiths, and languages ​​have been the means of their transmission and dissemination; But historical evidence shows that written works have taken on the important task of preserving and transmitting this hadith heritage. The narrators, in order to preserve the works and at the request of the Taliban, provided them to other narrators. Transferring sources for a variety of reasons, such as ensuring that newer versions matched the original text, required listening and reading. Over time, other methods of hadith tolerance were added to these two methods.Most narrators cite the names of the narrators of the sources, their authors, and the narrators in the source at the beginning of the hadiths taken from previous works. The various maps of individuals in the transmission of hadiths require that in the validation of news, attention be paid to the type of map-making.Examining the causes of the emergence of hadith tolerance methods and the historical course of the changes that have taken place in this process, shows that in validating the hadiths based on the various maps of each of the planners in the transmission of news, they should be evaluated differently.