نشریه اقتصاد و تجارت نوین
سال شانزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 52، پاییز 1400)

The occurrence of financial crises in recent years around the world has raised many concerns about the stability of the financial system in the economies of developing countries. Stabilizing financial stability is the main goal of the Central Bank of countries. Financial stability refers to a situation in which the financial system is functioning properly and companies and individuals are confident that it is functioning properly. Factors determining financial stability can be divided into two groups: the first group, internal factors related to bank management and the second group, which are macroeconomic variables. In this study, using global experiences and panel data of 25 selected developing countries during the years 2001 to 2019 and using the principal component analysis method (PCA), the combined index of financial stability has been calculated. Then, using the generalized torque model (GMM), the effect of financial and commercial liberalization on the combined index of financial stability has been investigated. The results show the negative effect of financial and trade liberalization on the combined index of financial stability. In other words, the interaction of countries' financial markets with each other, causes liquidity shifts and fluctuations in their financial markets. In this regard, using the Financial Stability Index to measure the effectiveness of governments in reducing the impact of financial crises can be useful.

One of the basic strategies of countries is to achieve higher financial development, which is used for economic growth. The expansion and deepening of the financial market leads to The expansion of its development over time. The stock market is one of the financial markets in which the performance of pension fund investments increases capital inflows, which can have major effects on this market and ultimately lead to its development. In this paper, we used panel data for 40 countries, including Iran, to examine the impact of pension assets on financial development for two groups of countries with Pay-as-you-go (PAYG) and fully-funded (FF) pension systems using FGLS estimation method in the period 1995 to 2019. The results showed that pension assets have a positive and significant effect on financial development in both types of pension systems. It was also observed that the impact of pension assets on financial development in the FF pension system is greater and stronger than the PAYG pension system.The results showed that pension assets have a positive and significant effect on financial development in both types of pension systems. It was also observed that the impact of pension assets on financial development in the FF pension system is greater and stronger than the PAYG pension system.

Supplying and upgrading living has always been the main economic goal of all societies. Today, the level of national competitiveness is one of the factors contributing to sustainable economic growth and long-term prosperity in the countries. Indeed, competitiveness is a set of institutions, policies and conditions that determine the level of productivity of a country. The level of productivity, in turn, determines the level of welfare that a country's economic system can achieve. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of competitiveness on social welfare of twenty selected developing countries. This study is carried out with the data approach panel and generalized method of moments (GMM) during the time period 2007-2015. The results of the study indicate that the Global Competitiveness Index has a positive and significant effect on each of its three main index (basic requirements, efficiency enhancers and innovation and sophistication factors) on social welfare in the study group. Also, the effects of urbanization, abundance of natural resources, government size and unemployment rate were considered as controlling variables in the pattern. Among these, the impact of urbanization on positive and significant social well-being, the impact of unemployment rate and size of the government were significant and the abundance of Natural resources is negative but statistically. The findings also show that the greater the weight of income distribution in the social welfare function, the less positive impact on competitiveness, its triple indicators and the urbanization on social welfare.

The oldest regulatory policy in the cultural sector is the Authors’ Protection (Copyright) Law whose development and implementation dates back to more than fifty years ago. The economic impacts of this policy, however, have rarely been the subject of research. The conceptual framework of this study has been based on key copyright economics research dealing with copyrights as economic incentives (Watt, 2013, Towse, 2001). The research method follows a quantitative approach and a survey design. The sample included 91 literary writers which were randomly selected from among 586 writers. Categorization, coding, and data analysis were performed using SPSS 23 software program, and the techniques employed for analyzing the data were multiple linear regression and non-parametric correlation. The findings reveal that copyright earnings are very low among Iranian literary writers, constituting a maximum of 4% of their average creative income. Multiple-job-holding increases as the copyright income decreases. The result of the multiple linear regression showed that the variable “breach of contracts” has a direct and negative effect on the copyright income. The model also shows that if the “breach of contract,” were to decrease one more level, the copyright income would increase by around 124 percent. The variable “number of books translated to other languages” showed a direct positive effect on the copyright income, as with each translated book the copyright income would rise by 175 percent. Overall, it can be concluded that although the connection between variables and the direction of influence have been in alignment with the policymaker’s intention, the influence has been insignificant.

Today, the poultry industry is one of the most important food industries in any country in providing food to the communities. Knowledge of how the production chain works in this industry is essential. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of 28 active production chains in the Iranian poultry industry and to calculate their relative efficiency and also determines the supply chain pattern for other chains. In order to achieve this goal, non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) method has been used. The relative efficiency of each unit is first calculated with the network DEA approach and then the traditional DEA and the results of the two methods are compared. Finally, the cross-efficiency method is used to rank the efficient units. The results showed that in the network and traditional model, out of 28 production chains under study, 3 and 7 efficient chains, respectively. In models, the minimum efficiency is 63% and 67%, respectively. Given the number of efficient units in the traditional DEA model, it is obvious that the decision to determine the pattern production chain for other production chains is difficult. This study proposes a network DEA model to evaluate the performance of Iranian poultry industry production chains.Keywords: Efficiency, Supply chain, Two-stage DEA, Poultry Industry.JEL Classification: C67, H0, L80

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of government credit intervention in the banking system on the growth of Iran economic sectors during the years 1997-2017. For this purpose, using the fully modified least squares model (FMOLS), the long-run relationship in development banks (Bank of Industry and Mines, Agriculture and Housing) was estimated. The results of model estimation show that the variables of net capital stock of economic sectors and facilities of development banks to economic sectors, labor force of economic sectors and the share of each development bank in the total banking system, the degree of openness of the economy and the state ownership index of banks has a positive and significant effect on the value added of economic sectors. Therefore, the most important result of the present study has been that government credit intervention through development banks (industry and mining, agriculture and housing), has a significant effect on the economic growth of relevant sectors (industry, agriculture and construction). Therefore, in this study, developmental view on the presence of the government in the financial sector, especially banks, is accepted and supported. However, According to the research results (significance at 90% level) it seems that the state nature of banks and their non-share in the profits and losses of enterprises, especially in times of recession, has caused a weak effect of this type of ownership on the value added of economic sectors.