نشریه مطالعات راهبردی جهان اسلام
سال بیست و دوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 88، زمستان 1400)

Although Pakistan does not have much history of independence, it has been very influential in regional developments over the past few decades. The country, which seceded and became independent from India in 1947 under the leadership of Mohammad Ali Jinnah, relied on Islam. The Islamic Republic of Pakistan, on the one hand, has a very important position due to its sensitive geopolitics between India, China, Afghanistan and Iran, and on the other hand, the existence of various religious sects and groups. Pakistan's Muslim population of nearly 200 million is a huge potential that is being considered by Western and even Arab countries. Most of Pakistan's extremist and religious groups, such as the Deobandis, the Hadithists, and the Jama'at Tablighi, have been recruited by countries opposed to true Islam and have become a tool for the development of violence. The Barelvis school of thought, as a moderate Sunni sect, has a special place in Pakistan Although it may seem like a familiar school, the fact is that it has not been well received. no significant research has been done about Its goals and approaches, Sufi groups, organizational structure and status of their organizations, etc. In Iran, which in the following article, we will assess the movement capacity of this school.

Turkey has gone through two relatively different periods since the AKP came to power: In the first period, Turkey experienced a period of stability and security because of the right policies adopted by the AKP; But in the second period, which began around 2010 with the intensification of developments in the Middle East, Turkey also fell into the trap of insecurity and instability due to its wrong and sometimes mistake policies. While the AKP has managed to overcome some security crises in recent years and to control and manage them to a large extent. Of course, some of these crises remain and no solution has been found for them. Therefore, considering the impact that Turkey's security and stability will have on the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran, as well as Turkey's position in Iran's foreign policy, it is important to examine the country's internal security perspective over the next 10 years.
Accordingly, the present article seeks to answer the fundamental question of what will be the security situation in Turkey in the next 10 years and what scenarios may arise in this country?

After the collapse of the Ba'athist regime and the establishment of a democratic structure in Iraq, the shifting position of the Sunnis in the pyramid of power led to a new crisis in the country. This process created a complex form of crisis for the central government as the Ba'athists returned to Iraqi sovereignty and security-military structure. In the meantime, the Islamic State of Iraq and Abu Musab Zarqawi's promotional ideology was another phenomenon that became a complex crisis, along with Sunni hegemonic culture and tribal culture. As a result, with the beginning of public protests in the Sunni provinces, the slogan of restoring the rights of the Sunnis by the Islamic State of Iraq and the ISIS, the Sunni-central government relations entered a state of war. On the other hand, after the fall of the Sunni provinces, there are signs that the Sunni movement seems to be moving towards activating mechanisms such as the formation of an independent Sunni climate by accepting the fact that it is incapable of fulfilling its totalitarian demands by resorting to previous strategies; Thus, the analysis of the complex process and the analysis of its components in order to rebuild the relations of the Sunni provinces with the central government, is the central issue of the forthcoming article.

In recognizing the capacity of any country, in fact, the field of diplomacy and foreign policy of that country is a ground for understanding the situation of that country and acting in the space of its restrictions and possibilities. In this way, in the section on restrictions, the bottlenecks and incapacities of a country are emphasized, and in the section on possibilities, the diplomatic capabilities and foreign policy of that country are emphasized. The goals of any country's foreign policy doctrine are to provide general principles for conducting foreign policy and conducting diplomacy. Oman, one of the most stable countries in the Persian Gulf sub-region in the Middle East, tried to maintain its balanced relations with its neighbors as a country active in the field of diplomacy, in addition to internal political stability and maintaining it, and In recent years, it has repeatedly appeared as a mediator between Iran and the countries of the region and the great powers. The main question in this article is what is Oman's capacity to play a mediating role in regional issues for the Islamic Republic of Iran and the axis of resistance?

Iraq, as the "rainbow of ethnicities and religions", is the place where different ethnicities and religions are present in the community; In such a way that the multiplicity of ethnicities and religions highlights the context of power and socio-political developments in this country and is in the form of a mosaic. While in some countries, the multiplicity of ethnicities and religions under a more important factor has become the strength of those countries. In Iraq, the issue of ethnic-religious diversity, due to the presence of multiple actors involved and the "tribal fabric of society," has become a pretext for intervention and has accelerated the consistency and persistence of "internal conflicts" in the country. This situation has become more complicated, especially after the American occupation of Iraq and the formation of a government in Iraq based on "quotas".
The key question in this study is: Will the social divisions and internal conflicts in Iraq intensify, decrease or remain at the current level after the liberation of Mosul from the ISIS? On the other hand, what is the dimension of identity and ethnic-religious conflicts and divisions after the rule of ISIS in Mosul? Due to the nature of the research topic, this research is of applied type and has been written in a descriptive-analytical manner. The required information has been collected by documentary methods, field and collective information, and qualitative method has been used in the analysis.

Syria is the strategic depth of the Islamic Republic in the West Asian region and the link between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Islamic Resistance in Lebanon and Palestine. The shift in the balance of power in West Asia, marked by the victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, the fall of Saddam Hussein in 2003, the rise of Shiites in Iraq and Lebanon, and the victory of Hezbollah in the 33-day war, persuaded regional and international rival blocs with semi-hard and soft tactics, curb the growing power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the region. Since Syria is the link between the East-West corridor of the resistance and played an important role in Hezbollah's victory in the 33-day war, changing the Syrian political system is on the agenda of the regional and international bloc opposing the resistance and supporters of the Zionist regime. The devastating crisis in Syria is going on with the Syrian and non-Syrian opposition acting and leading and supporting foreign networks. The Syrian opposition must be accepted as a reality in the current situation and future scenarios in Syria, which cannot be eliminated, and due to its bloody confrontation with the Syrian regime, it can be predicted they will maintain their radical action and some red lines in the future. Therefore, it is important to examine the situation of the opposition in the future-oriented scenarios of Syria by recognizing the goals, nature, method of action, political authority and foreign supporters.