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Annals of Military and Health Sciences Research - Volume:20 Issue: 1, Mar 2022

Annals of Military and Health Sciences Research
Volume:20 Issue: 1, Mar 2022

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1401/03/03
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Mahdieh Motie, Reza Dehnavieh, Khalil Kalavani* Page 1
  • Mandana Pirahanforoosh, Roya Ahmadi *, Mohammad Yousefi Page 2
    Background

    This research intended to evaluate the adsorption of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SCNT) with penicillin (G) antibiotic agent at the B3LYP/6-31G (d) theoretical level.

    Methods

    First, we optimized penicillin (G) antibiotic and SCNT structures using the Gaussian program. Next, ten complexes with negative binding energy and steady-state than other cases were calculated using the molecular docking method and its ranking algorithm. Then, graphene was used to perform molecular orbitals calculations for the most stable configurations. Finally, binding energy and thermodynamic parameters were calculated at 298 K and 1 atm.

    Results

    According to the findings, the adsorption of penicillin (G) antibiotic on the surface of carbon nanotubes was an exothermic, spontaneous process.

    Conclusions

    This study indicated the ability of SCNT, as a sensing material, to construct thermal and electrochemical sensors for penicillin (G) determination.

    Keywords: Density Functional Theory, Carbon Nanotube, Penicillin (G) Antibiotic, Molecular Docking
  • Mohammad Gholami, Negin Hosseini Rozbahani *, Hamed Naghoosi, Sajad Fani-Kheshti, Seyyed-Javad Hosseini-Shokouh Page 3

    SARS-COV- 2, originated at Wuhan (China), has spread rapidly worldwide. Mutant variants have been identified in various countries. In this study, samples of 18 Covid-19 cases in the third wave and 25 in the fourth wave of the epidemic in Iran were collected and sequenced using the Sanger method. The results showed different mutations in the third and fourth waves of the epidemic. In the fourth wave, dominant mutations were E484K, D614G, and S519F, which were previously observed in another country. This study showed that the SARS-CoV-2 genome is constantly going under changes, and evaluating and monitoring mutations in the virus genome is necessary to control and eradicate the disease.

    Keywords: Covid-19, Spike, Corona Virus
  • Mohaddeseh Azadvari, Seyede Zahra Emami Razavi *, Fatemeh Behyad Page 4
    Background

    One of the biggest global challenges of the 21st century is the increasing burden of non-communicable (chronic) diseases.

    Objectives

    Considering the high prevalence of systemic and musculoskeletal diseases and the need for further epidemiological studies to provide health programs, we conducted this research.

    Methods

    In this cross-sectional study, a total of 344 primary school children referred to the East Tehran Health Center and examined during a certain period of the autumn of 2019 were enrolled. Demographic information and history of systemic diseases were collected using a questionnaire. Height and weight measurements and feet and spine examinations were performed by the researcher.

    Results

    In summary, 50.3% were girls, and 49.7% were boys. In terms of body mass index (BMI), 10.2% were underweight, 70.3% were normal, 10.8% were overweight, and 8.7% were obese. The highest prevalence of diseases was obesity (8.7%), followed by musculoskeletal diseases (8.1%), which included only the flatfoot.

    Conclusions

    Screening programs are recommended from an early age to prevent diseases. To reduce the rate of musculoskeletal disorders and obesity in children, identifying and following them in the early stages of the disorders is recommended for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

    Keywords: Musculoskeletal Diseases, Obesity, Preschool Child
  • Amir Dana *, Tayebeh Baniasadi, Mir Hamid Salehian, Sepideh Sarvari Page 5
    Background

    The optimizing performance through intrinsicmotivation and attention for learning (OPTIMAL) theory proposes that enhancing expectancies for future performance and supporting learners’ autonomy facilitate motor performance and learning. However, the effects of these factors on the performance of medical motor skills such as suturing have not been understood.

    Objectives

    This study aimed to investigate the effects of enhanced expectancies and autonomy support (AU) on motor performance, learning, and self-efficacy of a medical motor skill.

    Methods

    Participants were 63 right-handed medical students in the pre-clinical stage of their studies (years 1 and 2 of medical education). They were randomly assigned to 3 groups: (a) social-comparative feedback (SCF), (b) AU, and (c) control (CO) groups. A vertical mattress suture was chosen as a motor task. Following the pretest with 2 trials, all participants were exposed to a 5-day practice phase. The retention test was performed 1 week after the practice phase. During the practice phase, the SCF group received positive feedback at the end of the day. The AU group was given the option of choosing the color of silk sutures. The participants in the CO group practiced without any feedback or choosing the color of silk sutures. Suturing quality and self-efficacy were measured as dependent variables.

    Results

    Positive SCF led to a better suturing performance on the retention test; however, AU did not enhance motor learning of a suturing motor task. Moreover, positive SCF increased self-efficacy during the acquisition phase and on the retention test, while AU had no positive effects on self-efficacy.

    Conclusions

    The present findings support the OPTIMAL theory by demonstrating that enhanced expectancies in the form of positive SCF can facilitate learning medical motor skills (i.e., vertical mattress suturing).

    Keywords: OPTIMAL Theory, Medical Education, Motivation, Motor Learning
  • Araz Askeroglu*, Figen Saygılı, Fatmanur Balkaya Page 6
    Background

    The compliance of the intensive care unit (ICU) nurses regarding infection control assessment is essential for safe and quality health care. It has been seen that the knowledge of ICU nurses about nosocomial infections (NIs) is not sufficient, and they do not apply standard-contamination precautions.

    Objectives

    This study aimed to examine the knowledge and behaviors of intensive care nurses about NIs and related factors.

    Methods

    This descriptive-observational research was carried out in the surgical intensive care units of three hospitals in Turkey. A total of 103 eligible nurses were included in the study. An 80% classification system was used to evaluate the data.

    Results

    The mean score of nurses’ knowledge about NIs prevention was 41.52 ± 2.86. The participants’ mean knowledge scores on preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia, catheter-related bloodstream infection, catheter-related urinary tract infection, and surgical site infection were 15.86 ± 1.54, 13.08 ± 1.54, 5.98 ± 0.83, and 6.59 ± 0.95, respectively. The mean behavior score for NIs prevention was found as 15.86 ± 1.54. The participants’ mean scores on prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia, catheterrelated bloodstream infection, catheter-related urinary tract infection, and surgical site infection were 6.93±0.89, 4.77±0.82, 4.67 ± 0.71, and 1.10 ± 0.31, respectively. The mean scores of female nurses’ knowledge on NIs prevention were higher than males (P < 0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between the nurses’ weekly working hours and their knowledge and behavior scores regarding NIs prevention (P < 0.05).

    Conclusions

    It was determined that the knowledge and behaviors of intensive care nurses regarding the prevention of NIs were insufficient. Also, gender and weekly working hours contribute to knowledge and behaviors related to NIs prevention.

    Keywords: Nosocomial Infections, Intensive Care Unit, Nurse
  • Leila Fozouni *, Zahra Tajari Page 7
    Background

    Candida species have an unstable resistance to common antifungal drugs. The treatment of oral candidiasis requires the identification of new anti-Candida agents with no side effects like medicinal plants.

    Objectives

    The present study aims to investigate the antifungal effects of caspofungin and oregano essential oil on oral Candida species isolated from cancer patients.

    Methods

    Seventy-three Candida species were identified and isolated by conventional and microbiological tests from cancer patients (n = 100) suspected of oral candidiasis. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the oregano essential oil and caspofungin were determined by microdilution assay and evaluated according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI-2017). The gene regions of samples were studied using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.

    Results

    Candida glabrata (35, 47.9%) was the predominant species. Most of the Candida strains were isolated from patients with stomach cancer (35, 47.9%). The highest resistance to caspofungin was reported for C. albicans (5.5%). Also, FKS mutant isolates were associated with resistance to caspofungin. MIC90 value for oregano essential oil against C. albicans was 4096 µL/mL, which was equal to MIC90 value against C. glabrata. There was a significant difference between the MICs of caspofungin and oregano essential oil, that inhibits the growth of Candida isolates.

    Conclusions

    The results of this study showed that the caspofungin has high antifungal effect on Candida species, specially nonalbicans Candida. As the findings indicated, the oregano had good anti-Candida potent. Therefore, we could hope to treat fungal diseases by producing an appropriate herbal medicine.

    Keywords: Caspofungin, Oregano, Candida, fks1 Gene, Traditional Iranian Medicine
  • Soheila Manifar, Maryam Koopaie *, Ali Karimi Farani, Mansour Davoudi, Sajjad Kolahdouz Page 8
    Background

    This study aimed to investigate the oral health presentations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) inpatients using statistical analysis and machine learning methods before infection, during hospitalization, and after discharge from the hospital.

    Methods

    This cross-sectional study was conducted on 140 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction diagnosis and severe symptoms. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, oral health habits, and oral manifestations in three periods (i.e., before infection, during hospitalization, and after discharge from the hospital) were recorded through a questionnaire and oral examination. Statistical analysis and machine learning methods were used for the analysis of patients’ data.

    Results

    Xerostomia, dysgeusia, hypogeusia, halitosis, and a metallic taste were the most frequent oral symptoms during hospitalization, with the incidence of 68.6%, 51.4%, 49.3%, 31.4%, and 29.3% in patients, respectively. Using tobacco significantly increased the incidence of xerostomia, dysgeusia, hypogeusia, halitosis, and a metallic taste during hospitalization (P = 0.011, P = 0.001, P = 0.002, P = 0.0001, and P = 0.0001, respectively). Smoking led to increasing dysgeusia, hypogeusia, halitosis, and a metallic taste during hospitalization (P = 0.019, P = 0.014, P = 0.013, and P = 0.006, respectively). The micro-average receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that the machine learning logistic regression model achieved the highest area under the ROC curve with a value of 0.83.

    Conclusions

    Xerostomia and dysgeusia are the most common oral symptoms of COVID-19 patients and could be used to predict COVID-19 infection. Dysgeusia correlates with xerostomia, and it is hypothesized that xerostomia is an etiologic factor for dysgeusia. The early detection of COVID-19 can help reduce the enormous burden on healthcare systems, andmachine learning is advantageous for this purpose.

    Keywords: COVID-19, Xerostomia, Oral Health, Oral Symptoms, Machine Learning