فصلنامه شهر پایدار
سال پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 17، بهار 1401)

Understanding the situation of urban areas plays an important role in achieving sustainable urban development. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze and evaluate the development indicators in the sustainability of Ilam city areas to investigate the situation of urban areas in terms of sustainable urban development indicators. In this regard, five physical, economic, social, security, and environmental indicators have been studied as research indicators. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical community consists of a group of experts. Barda and Copeland integration methods were used in ranking the areas of Ilam city. To weight the indicators, the Savara method has been used. According to the results, the urban areas of Ilam were divided into four groups: sustainable, semi-sustainable, unstable and completely unstable in terms of prioritizing the degree of development. The results of the analysis show that the suburbs of the city, especially the areas located in the east, south and southwest are in a more unfavorable situation than other areas; In contrast, the central areas of the city in the northern vicinity are in a good position in terms of socio-economic indicators. Spatial pattern analysis of the distribution of development in the city, in addition to confirming the concentration of developed neighborhoods in the center and center of the city and the accumulation of undeveloped neighborhoods in the southern and western parts of the city, the non-random situation and the existence of spatial pattern حک There is a story. This means that the socio-economic distance of the areas has emerged spatially in the city and indicates the fragmentation of the city. The social distance between the different areas of a city as a manifestation of urban differentiation is an obstacle to the integration and cohesion of the city, which can be seen today according to a study conducted between the districts of Ilam.Understanding the situation of urban areas plays an important role in achieving sustainable urban development. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze and evaluate the development indicators in the sustainability of Ilam city areas to investigate the situation of urban areas in terms of sustainable urban development indicators. In this regard, five physical, economic, social, security, and environmental indicators have been studied as research indicators. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical community consists of a group of experts. Barda and Copeland integration methods were used in ranking the areas of Ilam city. To weight the indicators, the Savara method has been used. According to the results, the urban areas of Ilam were divided into four groups: sustainable, semi-sustainable, unstable and completely unstable in terms of prioritizing the degree of development. The results of the analysis show that the suburbs of the city, especially the areas located in the east, south and southwest are in a more unfavorable situation than other areas; In contrast, the central areas of the city in the northern vicinity are in a good position in terms of socio-economic indicators. Spatial pattern analysis of the distribution of development in the city, in addition to confirming the concentration of developed neighborhoods in the center and center of the city and the accumulation of undeveloped neighborhoods in the southern and western parts of the city, the non-random situation and the existence of spatial pattern حک There is a story. This means that the socio-economic distance of the areas has emerged spatially in the city and indicates the fragmentation of the city. The social distance between the different areas of a city as a manifestation of urban differentiation is an obstacle to the integration and cohesion of the city, which can be seen today according to a study conducted between the districts of Ilam.Understanding the situation of urban areas plays an important role in achieving sustainable urban development. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze and evaluate the development indicators in the sustainability of Ilam city areas to investigate the situation of urban areas in terms of sustainable urban development indicators. In this regard, five physical, economic, social, security, and environmental indicators have been studied as research indicators. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical community consists of a group of experts. Barda and Copeland integration methods were used in ranking the areas of Ilam city. To weight the indicators, the Savara method has been used. According to the results, the urban areas of Ilam were divided into four groups: sustainable, semi-sustainable, unstable and completely unstable in terms of prioritizing the degree of development. The results of the analysis show that the suburbs of the city, especially the areas located in the east, south and southwest are in a more unfavorable situation than other areas; In contrast, the central areas of the city in the northern vicinity are in a good position in terms of socio-economic indicators. Spatial pattern analysis of the distribution of development in the city, in addition to confirming the concentration of developed neighborhoods in the center and center of the city and the accumulation of undeveloped neighborhoods in the southern and western parts of the city, the non-random situation and the existence of spatial pattern حک There is a story. This means that the socio-economic distance of the areas has emerged spatially in the city and indicates the fragmentation of the city. The social distance between the different areas of a city as a manifestation of urban differentiation is an obstacle to the integration and cohesion of the city, which can be seen today according to a study conducted between the districts of Ilam.

Urban security concerns have come to forefront since the late 1980s as the adverse effects of globalization, such as unplanned urbanization, irregular migration, poverty and unfair distribution of wealth and income, organized crime, soaring population, insufficient physical infrastructure, and social unrest have undermined daily lives of ordinary people at urban areas. Urban security approach has been developed as a response to those challenges. It seems that the existence of structures and content of the value systems in any society is essential because they are able to form insights and attitudes. In this regards, the type of insights and attitudes can play a high role in defining and conceptualizing security as well as explaining the criteria for measuring urban security. On this basis, in the secular school value propositions and principles have a limited role in urban security, but in the Islam school, where all political and social phenomena are influenced by value components, values and normative aspects play an important role. In the transcendent school of Islam, urban security has a special place and it is measured by value criteria. Islam as a religion and complete way of life has provided a divine guidance for the safety, protection, peace and stability of individuals and society which if properly followed, the society and its individual members become safe and well protected. Urban security is a theme which is accompanied with man’s life and is considered as necessary needs of citizens. Hope to having better life, progress and development in all areas including cultural, economic progress and reaching technology and industrial achievements is only feasible through security. On other hand, when the security coefficient of a country is at a high level, the people residing in such country will lead a peaceful life and will continue their collective attempts to build and develop their country.

Researchers have used documentary studies based on analysis of the content of more than 35 sources by word cloud software in the process of explaining the criteria of urban security in the Islam school. Also, three methods including Rank Order Centroid (ROC), Rank Sum (RS) and Rank Reciprocal (RR) have been used for weighting to urban security criteria. Due to the consistency of urban security criteria, the method that had the lowest standard deviation in weight was selected. Based on this, the rank sum method with the least standard deviation has been selected.

Analysis of the content of more than 35 sources in the field of security and urban security with an Islamic approach through word cloud software shows that eight main criteria are important in assessment of urban security. Faith, spirituality ، values, and religious beliefs; Justice, equality and non-discrimination; Material welfare (sustainable income and employment) and far from poverty, unemployment and expensiveness; Spiritual and physical health; Safe from threats and fears of violence and crime; Safe from immorality such as lying, administrative corruption, distrust, lawlessness and disloyalty; Safe from all natural and man-made hazards; Having a sustainable physical space. In this regard, weighting the urban security criteria based on the rank sum method shows that faith, spirituality, values, and religious beliefs with 22 percent in the first rank; justice, equality and non-discrimination with 19.44 percent in the second rank; and material welfare (sustainable income and employment) and far from poverty, unemployment and expensiveness are in the third rank with 16.67 percent.

The recent research tried to focus on urban security and discuss it from an Islam perspective. The research indicates that Quran has paid much more attention to the issue of urban security. Urban security is a main priority in security policies of Islam, which aims to make human settlements safer for development, revolves around the causes of insecurity in urban spaces. However, security requires to be handled in terms of inequality. In view of Islam school, unequal distribution of security at urban areas should be examined based on a comprehensive conceptual framework for analysis. To realize the Islamic utopia in the Quran mentions to eight main axes, including Islamic principles, global principles, divine attributes and actions, principles based on nature and natural elements, principles of social relations, principles based on dos and don’ts and finally, principles based on urban and architectural elements. In Islam perspective, the ideal city has two principles of monotheism and justice and in its pillars, there are three spaces including, intellectual space, practical space and physical space. So paying attention only to the physical space without emphasizing the other spaces for realization of urban security is insufficient. Thus in the transcendent school of Islam, both immaterial and material criteria are necessary for measuring of urban security.

Traditional- historical textures are the undeniable realities of cities that have a historical background. Members and area of the city who continued to live their life, not so much ago and they were receptive to the comings and goings and material and spiritual transactions of the people of that time. In other words, the ancient textures of the city are creative and lively places to understand the state of human beings in the world and their connection with the past; it is a place for changing the environment and changing the perspective of life (rajabi,1397:52). Due to the historical power and attractions of the old textures in the neighborhoods of cities, creating a "neighborhood museum" in cities is a strong possibility for many cities which based on it, revival of historical texture is possible. Historical neighborhoods are the main elements of historical textures and the scene of many historic events and linking of the cultural and historical spaces of the city, which showing the social and cultural identity of the city throughout history. In this regard, one of the Courses of action to preserve, maintain and enhance this texture is using creative regeneration pattern. That is based on the connection between economics, culture and producing creative and innovative places. In this filed, the historical centers of the cities have unique capacities for building and revitalizing the creative spaces needed to attract and retain innovative groups. One of the patterns of creative re-creation in the historical context of the city is the transforming the city into a neighborhood museum. Museum-Neighborhoods are also valuable sites in terms of national and local culture and it is also a powerful collection for producing wealth and financial gain. Tehran in the present era, because it is place of many historical actions and influential events in the country, It has several historical sites which indicate the ups and downs of the city. Therefore, considering the historical monuments and the high capacity of these monuments in the Tehran’s 12 district, it is possible to turn the neighborhoods of this area into an open space museum and use these monuments as museum objects. Which this action, while protecting the valuable historical sites, It will be an action towards improving the neighborhood's economic potential, revitalization of historical neighborhood of districts and urban regeneration in these neighborhoods. So the main issue in this research is presenting the pattern of the neighborhood museum in the historical textures of the Tehran’s district 12.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive-analytical and correlation in terms of data collection. Also in this study, at first by using non-random sampling of snowballs has been identified and interview with experts. Then by using random sampling method, a questionnaire was distributed among the residents of Tehran 12 district. The sample size in the present study was 371by using Cochran's formula. Two methods, library and field, have been used to collect information. The analysis in the present study was performed using software, SMART PLS, SPSS.

After a deep interview with experts in geography and social sciences, dimensions, components and main characteristics of the neighborhood museum and valuable historical textures was extracted by using content analysis method, the final research model in the form of external reflection model of standard coefficients estimate and the external reflection model in the form of significant coefficients were obtained. The main components were identified to present the pattern of the neighborhood museum in the valuable historical textures that economic component (historical texture) with 94 percent agreement and an average rating of 9.9, physical and social component with 92 and 93 percent agreement and an average rating of 8.8, are known as the most important components of a network organization. On the other hand, the economic component of the neighborhood museum was ranked 7.7 and the physical component was ranked in third and fourth. And finally, the institutional component with an average of 5 rank has the last rank.

In the present study, the aim was to present the model of the neighborhood museum in the historical textures of cities; case study is Tehran 12 district. At first, while examining the current situation in this region, the existing problems and issues in the neighborhood including: social problems, texture wear, and physical instability, low level of urban services, low quality of life and security was analyzed. After a deep interview with experts the dimensions, components and characteristics of the research were extracted and a questionnaire was prepared. And after analyzing the questionnaire by using the mentioned software, the status and impact of each of the extracted components was achieved in the neighborhood museum and the proposed model for the neighborhood museum model has been endorsed to preserve and enhance valuable historical texture.

Smart cities implementation has faced many challenges despite having benefits for urban developments. Cities have failed to implement smart city strategies. Assessing the influencing factors on the realization of a smart city is an essential step in clarifying the challenges facing these cities. This study aims to investigate the affecting factors of smart city realization to define the feasibility factors and variables of the smart city.Using new technologies such as ICT in cities and citizen’s life has opened opportunities and challenges for officials and related institutions in the urban area. Since cities are a cultural and social reflection of their inhabitants, changes in the way people live also lead to the transformation of cities. Urban planning and management, as a process that responds to the problems of cities, seeks to provide smarter solutions for improving the quality of life through new technologies. Increasing the rate of urbanization in the world and the resulting environmental crises such as destruction of natural resources, environmental pollutants, climate change, reduction of fossil resources, mass production of waste, have posed major challenges to human life. Therefore, sustainable development as a form of development that ensures the sustainable life of cities and urban communities provides a solution to improve current urbanization problems. The increasing use of information and communication technologies in Peoples' life on the one hand and the need to expand sustainable development, on the other hand, have led to the formation of a new model of urbanization in order to overcome these issues.The smart city uses information and communication technologies to achieve sustainable development and improve the quality of life. The smart city is expanding rapidly as a common pattern in developed countries due to the many opportunities it presents to cities. Currently, there is a wide competition between cities to become smart. However, our country has not been able to take an effective step in order to be smart. The realization of smart cities in Iran faces many challenges. In order to identify these challenges, this study tries to examine the factors affecting the feasibility of smart cities based on their components and to explain the contribution of each of these factors affecting the smart city.

This study assumes the significance of the six components of a smart city (economy, environment, people, living, governance, mobility) on the feasibility of a smart city in Mashhad. Therefore, this study utilizes a mixed research method and questionnaire analysis method. For this purpose, first, the components and variables affecting the feasibility of the smart city are explained and for data analysis, the structural equation modeling method, Smart PLS 3 software has been used.

At the 95% confidence level, the effective components in the realization of Mashhad smart city have been prioritized: Smart governance 92%, smart living 82%, smart economy 79%, smart mobility 69%, smart environment 59%, andsmart people 57%.Comparatively, with the feasibility of smart cities in Europe, it can be concluding:The component of a smart environment that has been achieved in most European cities in Mashhad is facing serious challenges, the most important challenges are: assessing the sustainability of urban plans and programs, integrating resource management, measuring energy efficiency, and transparency of energy consumption.The component of smart people, which has a low percentage of feasibility in European cities, faces fewer challenges than other components of the smart city in Mashhad, which can be considered as one of the main capacities in the development of smart cities strategies.

this article aims to review the feasibility of a smart city in Mashhad and its challenges by reviewing the literature, smart city projects, and questionnaire from managers and employees in the field of urban management. The relationship and impact of each of these challenges on the realization of the smart city introduces the effective components and variables in the realization of smart city strategies in Mashhad. According to the studies, it can be concluded that: Each of the components of a smart city includes different variables that the nature of these variables is focused on the context and complex conditions of each city. Therefore, it is expected that in examining the feasibility of smart cities, a diverse set of variables related to the specific issues and problems of each city will be considered:• The most important challenge for the feasibility of the smart city depends on providing a proper definition of the components of the smart city and its structuring in order to develop innovation ecosystems.The method of examining the feasibility of a smart city based on the issues and challenges of each city can be used by urban management institutions, policymakers, and planners.Identifying the challenges of achieving smart cities can provide an opportunity for smart cities in Iran to define smart projects more realistically and efficiently.

The process of growth and development of urbanization of the country is strongly influenced by the approach of political economy that this development is formed as an exogenous phenomenon and based on the growth of services, which is by no means a continuation of its historical urbanization. From the perspective of this approach, space (housing) is a phenomenon that is produced and this formation is related to the political, economic and social system of society and the spatial appearance of the place reflects the social relations that govern it. In this study, with spatial analysis of the dimensions of sustainable urban housing, the quantitative and qualitative status of housing in Kermanshah metropolis will be investigated. Due to the nature of the data and the impossibility of controlling the behavior of the effective variables in the problem, this research has been non-experimental and has been conducted within the framework of a case-study model. In order to analyze the model of sustainable housing in the city and 8 regions of Kermanshah, the statistical block survey technique and a questionnaire were used in three dimensions of physical, economic and social sustainability consisting of 40 items. In order to investigate the quantitative and qualitative status of housing, the data of statistical block and residential use of Kermanshah metropolis and above-mentioned documents including a comprehensive and detailed plan in Arc GIS environment and spatial analysis tools including spatial statistics methods have been used.Despite the growing importance of this sector, there is less society in developing countries or even in developed countries that can claim a radical solution to the housing problem in its quantitative and qualitative dimensions, and this problem in developing countries. It has become acute and critical. Hence, the issue of housing is at the beginning of a great transformation; How the housing quality crisis has overcome the issue of its quantity crisis The results of the stability of the three dimensions based on t-test show that among the 5 components evaluated in the physical dimension, 2 components were unstable and 3 components were somewhat stable. Also, among the 6 components of the economic dimension, 2 components were unstable and 4 components were somewhat stable. Finally, out of the 5 components evaluated by the social dimension, 2 components were stable, 2 components were partially stable and 1 was unstable. The value of Z-score index in the distribution of low-high clusters (-2.163751) is negative and the value of Moran index (0.031042) is positive; It shows that there is a clear gap between the urban areas of Kermanshah in terms of stability of quantitative and qualitative indicators of housing that can be divided into three contexts: new, middle and old. According to the trend of physical expansion of Kermanshah city in the northeast-southwest, and two east-west axes, the eastern half of the city with a relatively new texture of middle, upper and middle class living areas and areas with old and middle texture with special social and physical advantages Which has a wide range compared to the southern and northwestern half. Also, the spatial differences of the sustainable housing model indicate that regions 1, 2, 8 and 6 have an unstable state, regions 7 and 5 have a somewhat stable state, and regions 3 and 4 have a stable state.It needs housing in both quantitative and qualitative dimensions. In the quantitative dimension of the need for housing, the lack of shelter and access to housing, and in the qualitative dimension, issues and phenomena are raised that lead to homelessness and poor housing. The existence of unsuitable housing units called bad housing is one of the social problems of today's societies.Housing is considered as one of the basic human needs and one of the criteria for measuring development. If we consider the basic material needs of human beings as the sum of biological, economic and social needs, housing has a significant role in meeting all three of these needs.By evaluating the physical indicators of urban housing with a sustainable development approach in Saman city by examining five physical indicators including; Building materials or structures, the quality of housing, the age of buildings, the appearance of housing and the number of floors have led to the conclusion that the city is in a relatively poor physical condition. Among these, the third district of this city is the most desirable and the second district is the most undesirable among the studied indicators.By identifying the variables affecting socialization in the field of housing, with the aim of maintaining housing cohesion, they have concluded that the factors affecting the increase of social interactions in housing are a subset of five domains: physical-environmental, behavioral, semantic, contextual and personality.

Passive defense, which is a new approach in urban crisis planning, its nature is based on reducing the effects of the crisis using civilian methods. In this regard, observing the principles of passive defense against threats is one of the most basic principles in order to achieve the desired standards of urban comfort, and in principle, attention to passive defense of cities against external threats has always been considered since the beginning of cities. One of the main elements in the city that is very important in the discussion of passive defense management, especially in the post-crisis period, is urban public spaces. The aim of this study was to identify the causal model of urban public spaces with passive defense approach. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of this study consisted of experts. Experts were selected by snowball method from among university professors and active researchers. The statistical sample size of the research is 25 urban planning experts and specialists. In order to achieve the research goal, fuzzy dimethyl technique was used. Findings of the study showed that based on D-R values, among the ten criteria identified, the criterion of access to main thoroughfares with a value of (1.034) was the most effective criterion for locating urban public spaces with a passive defense approach. Also, based on D + R values, the building density criterion with a value of 2.908 was identified as the most important criterion. Among the other results of this study, according to the obtained D-R values, among the ten criteria examined, six criteria were considered in the cause group and four criteria in the disabled group.Passive defense, which is a new approach in urban crisis planning, its nature is based on reducing the effects of the crisis using civilian methods. In this regard, observing the principles of passive defense against threats is one of the most basic principles in order to achieve the desired standards of urban comfort, and in principle, attention to passive defense of cities against external threats has always been considered since the beginning of cities. One of the main elements in the city that is very important in the discussion of passive defense management, especially in the post-crisis period, is urban public spaces. The aim of this study was to identify the causal model of urban public spaces with passive defense approach. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of this study consisted of experts. Experts were selected by snowball method from among university professors and active researchers. The statistical sample size of the research is 25 urban planning experts and specialists. In order to achieve the research goal, fuzzy dimethyl technique was used. Findings of the study showed that based on D-R values, among the ten criteria identified, the criterion of access to main thoroughfares with a value of (1.034) was the most effective criterion for locating urban public spaces with a passive defense approach. Also, based on D + R values, the building density criterion with a value of 2.908 was identified as the most important criterion. Among the other results of this study, according to the obtained D-R values, among the ten criteria examined, six criteria were considered in the cause group and four criteria in the disabled group.Passive defense, which is a new approach in urban crisis planning, its nature is based on reducing the effects of the crisis using civilian methods. In this regard, observing the principles of passive defense against threats is one of the most basic principles in order to achieve the desired standards of urban comfort, and in principle, attention to passive defense of cities against external threats has always been considered since the beginning of cities. One of the main elements in the city that is very important in the discussion of passive defense management, especially in the post-crisis period, is urban public spaces. The aim of this study was to identify the causal model of urban public spaces with passive defense approach. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of this study consisted of experts. Experts were selected by snowball method from among university professors and active researchers. The statistical sample size of the research is 25 urban planning experts and specialists. In order to achieve the research goal, fuzzy dimethyl technique was used. Findings of the study showed that based on D-R values, among the ten criteria identified, the criterion of access to main thoroughfares with a value of (1.034) was the most effective criterion for locating urban public spaces with a passive defense approach. Also, based on D + R values, the building density criterion with a value of 2.908 was identified as the most important criterion. Among the other results of this study, according to the obtained D-R values, among the ten criteria examined, six criteria were considered in the cause group and four criteria in the disabled group.

Man is always in interaction with the environment of which he is a part, and usually social behavior needs a bedrock to occur, so the relationship between man and the environment is a reciprocal and interactive relationship. Human behaviors are the result of a person's motivations and needs, the ability of the environment, the mental image resulting from his perception of the outside world and the meaning that this image has for him; Therefore, each behavior under the influence of the above conditions can take different forms and create a variety of behaviors. Behavior is not just a function of activity; It is a combination of activity, time and environment. Humans always spend a significant part of their daily time in public spaces of the city and under the influence of these spaces, they show certain behavioral patterns. Among these, urban parks are one of the most important public spaces in cities that should be To be considered by planners and city managers. On the other hand, the subject of sciences such as urban planning and design is "creating quality public spaces" in the city. Therefore, one of the main purposes of this article is to explain the patterns of collective behavior and its effect on the growth and self-actualization of children in the use of various urban parks in the metropolis of Mashhad. This research is of applied type and its method is descriptive-analytical. Also, non-parametric statistical methods such as chi-square statistics have been used to measure and analyze 384 questionnaires designed using SPSS software. The results of this study show that the behavioral patterns of citizens in the studied parks in the four areas (one, nine, eleven and Samen) of Mashhad are influenced by the design quality and the desirability of the interior spaces of the parks, which is important for the growth index. And the flourishing of children has a great impact so that the higher the quality of public spaces, including urban parks where social interactions are, the more purposeful collective behaviors are formed in such spaces, and this issue affects the rate of learning, growth and flourishing of children. Coming to the park with their parents has a great impact.Man is always in interaction with the environment of which he is a part, and usually social behavior needs a bedrock to occur, so the relationship between man and the environment is a reciprocal and interactive relationship. Human behaviors are the result of a person's motivations and needs, the ability of the environment, the mental image resulting from his perception of the outside world and the meaning that this image has for him; Therefore, each behavior under the influence of the above conditions can take different forms and create a variety of behaviors. Behavior is not just a function of activity; It is a combination of activity, time and environment. Humans always spend a significant part of their daily time in public spaces of the city and under the influence of these spaces, they show certain behavioral patterns. Among these, urban parks are one of the most important public spaces in cities that should be To be considered by planners and city managers. On the other hand, the subject of sciences such as urban planning and design is "creating quality public spaces" in the city. Therefore, one of the main purposes of this article is to explain the patterns of collective behavior and its effect on the growth and self-actualization of children in the use of various urban parks in the metropolis of Mashhad. This research is of applied type and its method is descriptive-analytical. Also, non-parametric statistical methods such as chi-square statistics have been used to measure and analyze 384 questionnaires designed using SPSS software. The results of this study show that the behavioral patterns of citizens in the studied parks in the four areas (one, nine, eleven and Samen) of Mashhad are influenced by the design quality and the desirability of the interior spaces of the parks, which is important for the growth index. And the flourishing of children has a great impact so that the higher the quality of public spaces, including urban parks where social interactions are, the more purposeful collective behaviors are formed in such spaces, and this issue affects the rate of learning, growth and flourishing of children. Coming to the park with their parents has a great impact.of children has a great impact so that the higher the quality of public spaces, including urban parks where social interactions are, the more purposeful collective behaviors are formed in such spaces, and this issue affects the rate of learning, growth and flourishing of children. Coming to the park with their parents has a great impact.

fter reviewing the research background, it was found out that no research has been carried out on the quality of urban spaces using the principles of urban sustainable regeneration in Iran, and the existing research has all been in a large scale (city and urban contexts) with no micro-scale research (urban spaces), which also necessitates conducting this research. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to recognize the principles of urban sustainable regeneration in the quality of urban spaces from the viewpoints of the experts in Tabriz. Tabriz metropolis, with its rich historical background, and a great heritage of urban spaces such as squares, mini-squares, sidewalks and several passages in its historical texture, in recent years, has faced with the rapid growth of urbanization and immethodical constructions and destruction of historical urban spaces, and the lack of the necessary structural and managerial plan to rehabilitate and recreate urban spaces, and as a result, these spaces have suffered physical or functional deterioration, or both. Due to the nature of the research, this study seeks to find answers to four questions: 1- What are the principles and criteria for urban sustainable regeneration so as to improve the quality of urban spaces of Tabriz? 2- What is the impact of sustainable urban regeneration on the quality of Tabriz urban spaces? 3- What is the value of correlation coefficient of the dimensions of sustainable regeneration in the quality of urban spaces in Tabriz? 4- Is there a significant relationship between the indicators of urban sustainable regeneration and the quality of urban spaces of Tabriz?

Considering the research methodology, philosophy, research purpose, and finally research technique, this is a "qualitative", "interpretive", "applied" and "field-library-documentary" research, respectively, which deals with developing a conceptual model associated with the principles of urban sustainable regeneration in the quality of urban spaces and explains the issue through two tools of interviews and documents. The statistical population of the study consisted of urban experts, and based on Cochran's sample size formula, its sample size was estimated 450 people. Accordingly, while studying the concepts and literature related to the purpose of research, some components and indicators were extracted and then the indicators were assessed using the questionnaire tool in the form of Delphi method. Finally, in order to test the hypotheses and the conceptual framework, the obtained data from the questionnaires were analysed by LISREL and SPSS software.

According to the obtained data from the confirmation model and measurement of effective factors of sustainability component, the indicator of physical and visual proportions and the use of native local characters of the landscape design had the most effect with a path coefficient of (0.91), and the indicator of increasing the useful use of urban spaces had the least effect with a path coefficient of (0.73); in the conceptual-perceptual dimension, the indicator of sense of spatial identity has the most effect (0.87) and the indicator of pleasantness and attractiveness of place has the least effect (0.76); in the functional-activity dimension, the permeability and accessibility indicator had the most effect with a path coefficient of (0.96) and the sidewalk and pedestrian ease indicator had the least effect with a path coefficient of (0.70); in the social and cultural dimension, the indicator of strengthening architectural heritage (historical core) had the most effect (0.89) and activities to attract the crowd and promote social identity had the least effect with a path coefficient of (0.73); in the environmental dimension, the indicator of attention to environmental problems and limited resources of land and energy had the most effect with a path coefficient of (0.97) and the indicator of safe and clean environment and environmental health had the least effect with a path coefficient of (0.76); and in the economic dimension, the indicator of economic prosperity and increased tourism and cultural tourism had the most effect with a path coefficient (0.88), and the indicator of labour force diversity in terms of skills and social class had the least effect with a path coefficient of (0.73), which are regeneration indicators of quality of Tabriz's urban spaces from the viewpoints of the experts. In addition, the results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the correlation coefficient of socio-cultural dimensions with functional-activity dimension with a correlation coefficient (1.18) of sustainable regeneration in the quality of urban spaces is more than other dimensions. Based on the confirmatory factor analysis model and the coefficient and the impact level equal to (0.76) as well as the amount of RMSEA 0.072, the relationship of sustainable regeneration in the quality of urban spaces was confirmed in the study areas.

Based on the research findings, there is direct and causal relationship between sustainable regeneration and quality in urban spaces, such that an increase in the amount of sustainable regeneration and its indicators in the study areas will lead to an increase in the quality of these urban spaces. As it was mentioned in the framework of urban sustainable regeneration, paying attention to concepts such as placing importance on the role of all interacting groups, is considered as an important and basic principle in the regeneration of urban spaces. This is important since in most cases, the private sector, government and municipalities are taken into account more when intervening in the target areas, play a key role in this regard, something which often underestimates the role of people. Empowering residents, gaining their trust, increasing belonging to the target areas and in general the capacity building of the residents, are the main points in the realization of the urban regeneration, which the framework of urban sustainable regeneration takes into account, whereas the concept of capacity building has been formed and implemented in our country quite popularly and spontaneously.

The breakdown of the urban system and the particular problems of modern urban life have highlighted the need for comprehensive attention to strategies and beneficial solutions to optimize the lives of urban dwellers. In the meantime, having a stable and ideal city is perhaps the most important human need today. Urban Development Strategy A new approach has been adopted by the World Bank and the Coalition of Cities in order to sustainably develop the city, reduce poverty, and improve human societies. This view is based on the four indicators of good governance, banking, competitiveness and viability. The present article tries to evaluate the above indicators in Kashan city and to measure the adaptability of this city with CDS principles. The present study is descriptive-analytical and has an applied nature. The sample size was estimated to be 160 questionnaires using Sample Power software. Classification and evaluation of indicators has been done using a range of five Likert options and the time domain of data preparation can be considered as related to the year 1398. The required maps have also been prepared using ArcGIS software. To analyze the descriptive and inferential analysis of data, T-Test statistical test was used in SPSS software and to explain and model the effects, structural equation modeling was used in AMOS software. The results of the single-sample T test showed that the average indicators of good governance, competitiveness, banking, and viability were 2.26, 2.58, 2.91, 2.65, respectively, and were far from the standard value and weak. Are estimated. Analysis of the findings from structural equation modeling indicates that the regression weight of the RMSEA index is equal to (059 /), which indicates a good fit of the model. Also, the analysis of the results of the modeling showed that among the measured dimensions, the viability dimension has the highest factor load with regression weight (0.98) and error value (0.000) P Value =.

Today, due to the extent of urbanization and high population density, the effects and vulnerability of natural hazards in cities are increasing, the dimensions of these effects in the fields of economic (economic stagnation), social (mental and psychological problems, etc.). .), Physical (damage to infrastructure and the collapse of buildings and the resulting problems) and ... is also severe and widespread. This may work to varying degrees in different neighborhoods and regions depending on physical characteristics. Therefore, in order for a city to fully understand the status of vulnerability in its various regions and neighborhoods, it is necessary to assess its physical vulnerability. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the degree of physical vulnerability in Bojnourd. The research method in the present study is descriptive-analytical. At first, by collecting the necessary information and data, a database was formed in the GIS environment, then by extracting and combining new maps, the final analysis was performed. To determine the vulnerability of Bojnourd city, to the index of hazardous centers, granulation of parts, building density, population density, quality of buildings, access to relief centers and public and open lands and selected building parts vulnerable to earthquake Has been specified. Vulnerability map of the city The results show that the areas where the streets are wide enough and in a better condition in terms of access to relief centers and the population density and construction, etc. are low, in terms of vulnerability in They are in a better situation. In other words, these areas are classified according to the vulnerability map into 5 parts, relatively low, low, medium, high and very high vulnerability. Today, due to the extent of urbanization and high population density, the effects and vulnerability of natural hazards in cities are increasing, the dimensions of these effects in the fields of economic (economic stagnation), social (mental and psychological problems, etc.). .), Physical (damage to infrastructure and the collapse of buildings and the resulting problems) and ... is also severe and widespread. This may work to varying degrees in different neighborhoods and regions depending on physical characteristics. Therefore, in order for a city to fully understand the status of vulnerability in its various regions and neighborhoods, it is necessary to assess its physical vulnerability. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the degree of physical vulnerability in Bojnourd. The research method in the present study is descriptive-analytical. At first, by collecting the necessary information and data, a database was formed in the GIS environment, then by extracting and combining new maps, the final analysis was performed. To determine the vulnerability of Bojnourd city, to the index of hazardous centers, granulation of parts, building density, population density, quality of buildings, access to relief centers and public and open lands and selected building parts vulnerable to earthquake Has been specified. Vulnerability map of the city The results show that the areas where the streets are wide enough and in a better condition in terms of access to relief centers and the population density and construction, etc. are low, in terms of vulnerability in They are in a better situation. In other words, these areas are classified according to the vulnerability map into 5 parts, relatively low, low, medium, high and very high vulnerability. Today, due to the extent of urbanization and high population density, the effects and vulnerability of natural hazards in cities are increasing, the dimensions of these effects in the fields of economic (economic stagnation), social (mental and psychological problems, etc.). .), Physical (damage to infrastructure and the collapse of buildings and the resulting problems) and ... is also severe and widespread. This may work to varying degrees in different neighborhoods and regions depending on physical characteristics. Therefore, in order for a city to fully understand the status of vulnerability in its various regions and neighborhoods, it is necessary to assess its physical vulnerability. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the degree of physical vulnerability in Bojnourd. The research method in the present study is descriptive-analytical. At first, by collecting the necessary information and data, a database was formed in the GIS environment, then by extracting and combining new maps, the final analysis was performed. To determine the vulnerability of Bojnourd city, to the index of hazardous centers, granulation of parts, building density, population density, quality of buildings, access to relief centers and public and open lands and selected building parts vulnerable to earthquake Has been specified. Vulnerability map of the city The results show that the areas where the streets are wide enough and in a better condition in terms of access to relief centers and the population density and construction, etc. are low, in terms of vulnerability in They are in a better situation. In other words, these areas are classified according to the vulnerability map into 5 parts, relatively low, low, medium, high and very high vulnerability.