نشریه روایت شناسی
سال ششم شماره 1 (پیاپی 11، بهار و تابستان 1401)

The subject of the novel "We Get Used to It" is about family issues and human relationships, which is shaped in the form of various interpersonal social interactions. In this novel, in many cases, it is not possible to understand the type and aspects of the characters' interaction with the appearance of the descriptions, which are the main factors in the formation of the narrative. Accordingly, in order to obscure the aspects and levels of interaction, especially the expression of dominance, the relationships of the novel's characters have been examined from a psychological perspective based on Adler's theory of personality. The result shows that among the components of this theory, social interest, lifestyle, self-creation and inferiority complex are evident in the speech and behavior of the novel's characters. Supremacy is very low, imaginative teleology is not observed at all, and the characters of the novel fall into the types of "relier-relied", "socially beneficial" and "domineering-ruling". The protagonist and most of the actors have a “relier-relied” personality; however, some of them eventually reach the "socially beneficial" type. A clear example of the "socially beneficial" brigade is Sohrab Zarjoo and the only "domineering-ruling" figure is Mah-monir. The character of the Ayeh does not fit into any of the types. On this account, the "avoidant" type is the only character type not found in the novel.

Soorane sard is one of the sacred defense novels that one of its main characters, Sina, is based on its interaction with nature. So that no character like Sina can be considered in the real world without considering nature. This research, through content analysis, seeks to show how personality is linked to nature in this novel. In other words, in this study, the characterization of this novel is based on eccentric criticism. To show to what extent nature can play a role in identifying and characterizing its characters. The results show that Sina's connection with nature has elevated her personality and, in other words, the sanctity of her personality. He has internalized nature, He understands the language of nature, Communicates with the elements of nature from waterfalls, mountains and even the most predatory animals, For him, the events of nature are meaningful and have their own meaning, He overcomes environmental fears in the light of understanding nature, Nature is not degraded to him as being, but has its own language And linking to it is the cause of superiority and failure to understand it is the cause of destruction and death. Finally, the existence of Sinai is linked to nature and in the shadow of nature it becomes identified and sanctified.

Psychoanalytic analysis of the character element in the author's cold coffee novel Abstract The breakdown of any phenomenon into its constituent elements is scientifically important. "Character" ‌ is one of the most important building blocks of the novel and how the characters of the story are interpreted are the main components of the interpretation of the text. This research seeks psychoanalytic analysis and analysis of the characters and characterization methods in the psycho-letter novel "Mr. Writer's Cold Coffee" by "Roozbeh Moin". The research method is analytical-descriptive and the method of data collection is library studies. The findings of this study with the analysis of the variable quantities of the characters are as follows: Psychoanalytic analysis is a kind of interpretation of the text and the study of the causes of the actions of the characters. The main characters of this novel are a prototype of people who suffer from psychosis and abnormalities in the world of postmodernism and absurdism, such as skepticism, meaninglessness, denial of truth and reality and psycho-behavioral symptoms, delusions and delusions of Sociopido's anti-social characters. They describe the treatment and improvement of these diseases and the defense mechanisms such as daydreaming, aggression, escape, etc. that motivate and motivate their action. The actions of the characters are influenced by the shadow or dark aspects of their existence. The novel Cold Coffee Psychology is a depiction of the turmoil of contemporary man and the world around him. Keywords: personality, author's cold coffee, psychoanalytic analysis, postmodernism.

This survey attempts to demonstrate how the perception-sense process has been formed in the narration- process of One Thousand and One Nights via the study from Action Pattern and Semantic Square to Tension Square to find out how the function of story-into-story narrative structure in One Thousand and One Nights has passed from the Semantic Square and penetrated into the Tension Process, transformed the discursive condition, led to produce the fluid meanings and ultimately made up the tension of the Extensity and Intensity. In One Thousand And One Nights, everything has commenced from a deficiency. Emotional crisis that made Shahriyar as a vindictive actor, appeared due to the external oppression; but the narration process has begun by the presence of Sharzad as an intelligent narrator. Narration has displayed its function as elimination of deficiency via the presence of the narrator along with Shahriyar . The continual presence of narrator with her purposeful discourse has been suspending the abnormal condition, and the narration- process has led to semantic transcendence and created tension between the main actors. Disjunction from the revenge object and conjunction to the valuable object that have reprodued the relationship between Shariyar and his existence, clarifies a new movement and at last causes the transformation and reproduction of signs. Shahrzad has transformed the abnormal psychic condition of Shahriyar by means of the narrative language and ultimately, the injection of energy into the discursive space caused to change the stable and contracted situation into the redemptive situation .

Cognitive Grammar as one of the newest approaches to the study of language, based on the cognition and mental processes, examines language with a conceptual and novel perspective. The main claim of the present study is the applicability of cognitive grammatical categories in the study of Persian poetry narration. To prove this claim, first the basic theories of cognitive grammar in the face of grammatical categories are explained and then the application of each grammatical category in the analysis of the method of narration of the poems of some famous poets has been studied. The results of the present study show that grammar classifies grammatical categories based on dynamicity and process by giving originality to the time. Since the category of verb is one of the pillars of Persian poetry, the special method of cognitive grammatical categorization can analyze the method of narration of poetry in a special and cognitive way. Also, the sub-categories of nouns and adjectives play the most important role in the narrative method.

Counter-discourses are supportive discourses with a structure influenced by motifs such as: cultural, religious, ritual, mythological, which support the core of the discourse system in the narrative in various ways by creating semantic auras. Among them, counter-discourses with religious and ritual motifs are among the most frequent types of counter-discourses in Iranian folk language and culture. Due to the direct influence of language and culture on the narrative structure of Iranian folk tales, As well as how these supportive behaviors work in folk tales, it can shed light on new dimensions of the nature of counter-discourses and their role in advancing the narrative. In this research, which is an analytical and applied method with a sign-semantic approach to discourse, an attempt has been made to study and analyze the appearance and function of religious and ritual counter-discourses in 35 short folk tales from the book "Gol to Sanobar" by Seyyed Abolghasem Anju Shirazi. The results of this study indicate that 11 types of religious and ritual counter-discourses common in popular language and culture are also reflected in these narrations that the principle of action; As the core of the discourse system in these narratives with inductive (2 cases), positive (6 cases) and inductive-positive (3 cases) functions; They have also given semantic support. This study also shows that the counter-discourses of "sacred numbers" and the counter-discourses of "repentance" and "vowing" are the most frequent and least frequent types of religious and ritual counter-discourse in these narrations, respectively.

Narratology is one of the techniques that is manifested in the form of narrative structures in different forms in literary texts. In this study, the narrative structures of the screenplay of (( Nader separation from Simin)) from destruction to restoration have been analyzed .The difference in the visual style of narratives in the research It has been considered in a new way. By challenging the powerful, meaningful and stressful as well as questioning the narrative, the screenwriter figures out a new course and slowly and continuously instills meanings and solutions of puzzles. The main purpose of the research, while examining the narrative structures in the screenplay of (( Nader Separation from Simin)), is to explain how the coexistence of destruction and restoration and the factors and tools used in this regard. The research question is as follows: Do they coexist and cover each other? Therefore, in this regard, the article assumes that the elements of destruction and restoration are not in opposition to each other and do not negate each other, but have a mutual relationship with each other and are necessary to each other and are not enemies.

the book of Fatahnameh is a place where two different cultures and religions meet. This book provides an opportunity to discuss how signs and their meanings relate to each other in image. It seems that some of the visual cues used in the works along with the historical narrative are important in determining to identity of the paintings. In this research, an attempt is made to study and analyze the paintings of the book of Fatahnameh being kept in the British Museum's with a semiotic approach by descriptive-analytical method and Collecting data and studying the library resources. In this regard, using Derrida's deconstruction strategy in reading and analyzing the drawings in question to understand the dual identity of the book was considered as possible way, and due to the low luck of researchers in this regard, it necessitates doing research on it. The aim, is to achieve making sense of the dual identity of the drawings in the book of Fatahnameh and the connection of the drawings of this book with the pictorial property of Safavid period painting. The factor or factors that lead to the production of dual identity in this work is a question that is answered through the present research. Based on the findings of the study, Pargon, narrative, visual cues, and texture are the four factors that produce a dual identity in the work, and the role of Pargon and narrative is the most colorful.

Descriptology considers description not as a small part of the narrative, but as an independent view and a broad perspective on what narratologists have previously proposed. This indigenous theory is not only a practical device for the practical analysis of the text - both poetry and prose, and fiction and non-fiction - but is based on a theoretical and intellectual basis for a new look at literature from a new perspective. Descriptoligists believe that many of the beauties and features of a literary text are possible by examining the techniques and methods and details of descriptive application. In this regard, the historical novel Lazika by Heidar Ali Kamali (1348-1248 AH) due to its textual capability and special narrative-descriptive features, has a good capacity for application, critique and development of descriptive theory. In addition to introducing the theory and the text under study, this article tries to analyze the place of description in Lazika novel in a structuralist-leaning way and, in addition to explaining, evaluating and completing the theory, tests its practical applicability in text criticism.

Due to the profound social changes & the prevalence of feminist movements, attention was paid to differences in females and males at the end of 60th century (BC) then, “Language” and “Gender” became one of the common concepts of researchers in the context of sociology of language. One of the modern theories in the context of language and gender is Robin Lakoff’s – the famous Sociologist (1975). He believes that there is a relationship between females’ place in the society and the use of language to this gender. According to Lakoff, inequality in male and female social status has spread to the language inequality, which has led to the difference speech styles of women and men. The present article intends to study the function of language and linguistic features of women characters in the novel “The Bird of September” written by Emily Nasrollah- the Lebanese contemporary dominant author – using the descriptive-analytical research method based on sociolinguistic studies, in particular Lakoff’s theory and its variable. To this end, at first, the data gathered from the story text are matched with the variables of Lakoff’s language andgender theory, then the level of conformity of the novel characters’ language is evaluated by criteria of feminine language and the author’s success to create the language proportionate to characters’ gender.Findings suggest that although, in some cases, the linguistic characteristics of women in the story don’t conform to Lakoff’s intended variables in most, there is such a similarity whether in intellectual or linguistic contexts.

In the present article, in order to examine the narrative system of prosthesis in Sadegh Hedayat's story "Dash-Akol", first the prosthesis and its narrative functions are defined and then the discussion is based on the same view which is based on Umberto Eco's theory. It is also important to note that the objects of love, boasting, lying, oath, rivalry, and will become prosthetic through alternative, incremental, and expansive functions and change the narrative system of the story. Accordingly, the main purpose of the present study is to explain the conditions of transformation and transformation of Dash-Akol's personality from one personality layer to another based on three aspects of replacement, incremental and expansion. Studies show that due to the prosthetic function of objects, an action process and an aspect of the main character replace another action process or another aspect of that personality; these functions also caused us to witness a kind of transformation of personality from the most superficial layer to the deepest and most meaningful layer.

To identify and understand the absurd works efficiently, we need to realize the elements like the silence to recognize the theme and the writers’ messages precisely well. Analyzing and understanding silence instead of words help to decipher the richness of such works’ interpretation and criticism. The researchers have already strived to work on various kinds of silence to picture absurdity in some selected literary works of the world. In this study, the researchers have worked on how these absurd writers and playwrights use silence as a means to depict the descent, loneliness, isolation of individuals and demonstrate language as the cause of language deficiency for expressing absurd theme. The body of research consists of four plays entitled “Waiting for Godot” and” Endgame” by Beckett, “The room” by Pinter, “The cold Air” by Pinera ,and a novel named “The Blind Owl” by Hedayat. The research methodology has been descriptive analysis and data has been gathered through library research in Ephratt’s framework. The research showed the silence taken from the absurd works can indicate isolation, indecision, fear, aimlessness, misery, and confusion that lead to nothingness (absurdity). The outcome of this research is to achieve the diverse types of silence in Absurd Literary Style. Besides, it identifies the thoughts and attitudes of absurd writers to employ silence for demonstrating unarticulated parts of such postmodern works. Relying on this element, the reader or audience can succeed in comprehending the unstated words of these works.

Deleuze's rhizomatic theory disrupts the finite order of the structure of thought. presents the literary work as a collection that pays attention to its functions and connections. And deterritorializes the currents by becoming. "Becoming" plays a central role in Deleuze's view. He uses the rhizome to explain his philosophy of "becoming." The rhizome is a non-hierarchical space in which all junctions are intertwined. Without any of those points benefiting from the central or main position. Deleuze's rhizomatic model is flexible and fluid and avoids purposeful, focused, planned and structural controls. In this article, in addition to introducing Deleuze rhizomatic theory, and proving the application of this approach, on the analysis of the novel Althalj, o Yati Men Al Nafezeh each of the principles of rhizomatic approach in the novel is examined and the author's storytelling ability is measured according to these principles .It is assumed that the rhizomatic approach can be considered an opportunity to analyze postmodernist novels and that Deleuze's reading has a significant impact on the reader's understanding of the novel. This study considers the novel "Al-Thalaj" as a rhizome that does not follow a hierarchical structure "Hana Mina" introduces the first character of her novel (Fayyaz) as a nomad who is permanently "going" and avoids focusing on one place. This novel does not seek to make sense and dictate it to the reader but gives the reader rhizomatic experiences and creates a new emotional and cognitive situation for him.

Understanding any discourse is not just a simple understanding of the text or its meaning. In fact, each text is produced and understood within a specific context. The method of producing discourse and inter-discoursive relations in some of Mowlana’s anecdotes was examined from the perspective of critical discourse analysis. The main issue of the present study is to show how in Mowlana's anecdotes the boundary of discourse is removed and through dialectical relations, each discourse is reflected in another discourse and then enters the critical arena, in order to answer the following question: Under what conditions do the interaction and adaptation of expressive and content forms lead to the production of inter-discourse in Mowlana's anecdotes? The research method is analytical and data collection is library-based, selected from poems in Masnavi and Divan-e Shams. Mowlana has used inter-discoursive relationships in various ways in different discourse contexts in the anecdotes. Analyzes show that different ways of producing inter-discoursive relationships are created through the interaction of expressive and content forms. Mowlana has gone beyond the main text of the story, blurred the boundary between the anecdotes, and used mystical themes in a discourse. In fact, these discourses are the product of Mowlana's mystical discourse, which are created in the form of reference to the actor, reference to a similar event, reference and reminder, and transmission of the main arguments. The present article shows Mowlana's ideology and thought in the creation of anecdotes more and more and reflects his mystical identity well.

The discourse analysis of semiotic process is as a suitable tool for the analysis of the word, Exploring abstract data generates meaning in the deep structure of each text. And it seeks to "discover the meaning where the foundations of the interrelated and closely intertwined signs are formed. This article attempts to answer these questions based on the discourse semantics framework.1. What are the most important discourse systems in Iranian and Japanese elementary school textbooks? 2. What are the identity elements of the two countries stories? 3. From the perspective of cultural semiotics, how is the representation of the culture of "self" and "other" in the stories of Iran and Japan elementary schools? The research method is descriptive-analytical and the research method is content analysis. And the method of doing research is a discursive semantics. The results of this study show that the discourse systems in Iran's book stories are stative model. But the discourse systems of Japanese language stories were more actional regim. The characters in Japanese stories have hybrid identity. But Iranian stories have individual identities. The quality of the interaction between the “self” and the “other” is assessed in two themes of orientation and repetition. In the stories we read, the elementary school was centered on orientation .But in Japanese stories, there is a mutual interaction between the center and the periphery