فهرست مطالب

Journal of Ophthalmic and Optometric Sciences
Volume:3 Issue: 4, Autumn 2019

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1401/02/05
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
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  • Fatemeh vafaee sharbaf, Mazaher Maghsoudloo, Mohammad Hafez Noroozizadeh Pages 1-10
    Background

    Almost all diabetic patients develop diabetic retinopathy. Interpersonal diversity contributes significantly to the susceptibility of serious manifestations of diabetic retinopathy leading to impaired vision. Further, insufficient studies have been performed on the diagnosis of molecular biomarkers for diabetic retinopathy using machine learning. Hence, this study proposed an approach for gene selection in microarray data.

    Material and Methods

    The proposed method involves a primary filter approach that uses the results of different gene expression analyzes, thereby reducing the primary genes and thus the complexity of space and search time. A set of genes that improve classification accuracy are then identified using the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) method based on the heuristic approach. Selected genes in the final phase are evaluated using a ROC curve (receptor function trait) to determine the most effective while the smallest subset of traits. The classifier evaluated in the proposed framework is the K-nearest neighbor. A set of diabetic retinopathy microarrays is used to test the proposed approach.

    Results

    The results of the experiment reveal that the our suggested method obtained a high accuracy rate with 9 highly informative genes. Furthermore, we found four genes including ANKDD1A, ZNF786, SNORA3B and, C14orf2 as novel potential molecular biomarker in diabetic retinopathy.

    Conclusion

    The results showed that the other heuristic algorithms can be used in eye diseases for gene selection. Also, it is worthwhile evaluating them through biological research and experimentation because of the good discrimination power of the selected genes.

    Keywords: K-nearest Neighbor Classification, Gene Selection, Microarray Data, DiabeticRetinopathy, Ant Colony Optimization
  • Zahra Abedi, Habib MotieGhader, Mazaher Maghsoudloo, MohammadAli Sheikh Beig Goharrizi, Ahmad Shojaei Pages 11-23
    Background

    Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of blindness in older people. If diagnosed early, its progression in humans can be prevented.

    Material and Methods

    To understand of AMD pathogenesis, this study was carried out to investigate differential gene expression in AMD and normal samples. Here, Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) with P value of less than 0.01 were selected to construct the Protein- Protein interaction Network (PPI) using STRING web tool and visualized by Cytoscape software. Next, four PPI modules were discovered from the network. Then, the GO and pathway enrichment analyses were carried out on the modules’ genes. Drug- gene interactions were obtained for modules’ genes and reconstructed as a single drug- gene network.

    Results

    Bevacisumab, Degzamethazone and Pegaptanib, as the most potent therapeutic candidate drugs and previously mentioned as a therapy for AMD, had interaction with the genes associated with AMD. The other candidate drugs are Docetaxel, Cisplutin, Carboplatin, Methotrexate, Bexarotene, Raloxifene Hydrochloride, Acitretine, Adapalene, and Doxorubicine, some of which were previously discovered to be efficient against cancer. They had two gene targets in different modules.

    Conclusion

    Computational tools are efficient for therapeutic goals, experimental validation of findings as well as testing of drug toxicity are critical for better treatment. Drugs proposed in this study might promote future studies on AMD

    Keywords: Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Differential Gene Expression, Drug- Gene Network, Protein-Protein Interaction
  • Seyed MohammadMasoud Shushtarian, Zahra Hayti Pages 24-28
    Background

    The FDA approved drug Sodium Valproate (SV) is an anticonvulsant that is used for epilepsy and bipolar disorders. Also, neuropathic pains and migraine prophylaxis have been the target for SV. Its side effects have been reported in the literature. SV can have side effects on different organs. This report aims to explore the side effects of SV on the retina by using the Electroretinography (ERG) technique.

    Material and Methods

    To understand the side effects of SV, 25 patients who had used SV for more than 3 years were chosen. Flash Electroretinography was performed on these patients, and latency (msec) and amplitude (μV) of ERG of these patients were measured, then mean and standard deviations of these measurements were calculated. 25 non-SV takers were chosen as a control group, and the exact measurements and calculations were obtained. Using SPSS (v13), these findings were compared for any differences.

    Results

    The mean latencies/S.D. and amplitude s/SD were 90.7 ± 9.39 and 114.94 ± 8.28 in patient and healthy groups, respectively. The difference in amplitude between the two groups was statistically significant, whereas the difference in latency was not statistically significant.

    Conclusion

    Based on findings of this work, it is evident that the retina is affected in SV consuming patients after three years of usage which will be discussed in full detail.

    Keywords: Valproic Acid, Retina, Electroretinography
  • Ehsan Pournoor Pages 29-41
    Background

    Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) is the advanced version of Diabetic Retinopathy in which, new, fragile blood vessels can start to develop in the retina and into the vitreous, the gel-like fluid that fills the back of the eye.

    Material and Methods

    Here we study PDR from a whole system viewpoint in which network science is utilized for the system representation. Our objective is to explore the role of differentially expressed genes in the development of PDR. For this purpose, we have designed a framework in which the genes with high differential expression are identified and their PPI networks are regenerated. Next, influential dominating nodes are specified in the resulting network. With the enrichment analyses, the output set is validated and its role in the PDR is studied.

    Results

    These results suggest that the output gene set has a significant association with the disease of study. Additionally, we identify miRNAs regulating the transcription of genes inside the explored module as biomarkers affecting the progress of PDR.

    Keywords: Diabetic Retinopathy, Network, Systems Biology, Differential Gene Expression
  • Bahram Eshraghi, Mansooreh Jamshidian Tehrani, Bita Momenaei, Fereshteh Tayebi Pages 42-46

    To report three cases of Horner syndrome associated with penetrating neck injuries and the result of surgery for correcting the resulting ptosis. This is a retrospective case series study of 3 patients with Horner syndrome with past history of penetrating trauma to the neck. The patients’ history and the surgical results are presented. Muller’s muscle conjunctival resection was successfully used to treat ptosis in traumatic Horner syndrome in two cases. In the clinical setting of acute traumatic injury to the neck, careful evaluation for signs and symptoms of Horner syndrome should be performed. Horner syndrome and associated ptosis can be effectively managed using Muller’s muscle conjunctival resection.

    Keywords: Wounds, Penetrating, Neck, Horner Syndrome, Ptosis
  • Maryam Yadgari, Mansoor Shahriari Pages 47-50

    Many cosmetic enhancements to the natural appearance of the eyes are readily available today. A relatively popular form of eye beauty enhancement is false (fake) cosmetic eyelashes and eyelash extensions. Due to the increasing popularity of these cosmetic products, it is essential for ophthalmologists to be aware of their potential risks and complications. Here we report a case of error in visual field print out caused by false eyelashes.

    Keywords: Eyelashes, Cosmetics, Visual Fields
  • Melika Samadi, Mohammad Soleimani Pages 51-57

    Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a major complication following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Ocular GVHD develops in a substantial number of patients following HSCT and 60 % to 90 % of patients with systemic GVHD experience the ocular complications to some extents. In this brief review we will discuss the conventional and updated novel therapies in the management of patients suffering from ocular GVHD.

    Keywords: Eye, Dry Eye, Graft Versus Host Disease, Treatment