Journal of Sports Physiology and Athletic Conditioning
Volume:2 Issue: 3, Winter 2022

Dear Editor Regular exercise and physical activity are effective preventative measures for over 25 chronic medical conditions, including cardiovascular disease and premature death. According to the World Health Organization, physical inactivity is the fourth leading risk factor for death, killing about 3.2 million people annually (1). It is accepted that an individual's behavior is due to three factors: biological/genetic influences, environmental influences, and/or the interaction between biological and environmental factors. There are biological/genetic differences in sexual activity that are distinct from environmental influences on activity (2). Today, the development of genetic evaluation methods throughout the human genome has made it possible for sports scientists and physicians to study genetic factors that play a role in regular physical activity and exercise in preventing chronic diseases. Studies have shown that there is an interaction of the gene × physical activity in reducing the risk factors for type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. In the following, we will review several studies in this regard.

Reactive oxygen species are produced in response to strenuous, prolonged exercise, such as swimming, which results in cell damage. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of antioxidant and coenzyme 10Q supplementation on some indicators of muscle injury in water polo boys.

The 24 boy water polo players with at least 5 years of training experience and in the age range of 17 to 23 years were randomly divided into three groups )8 people (of vitamin C, coenzyme Q10 and control. Subjects in the vitamin C group (500 mg of vitamin C tablets) and subjects in the coenzyme Q10 group (300 mg of coenzyme Q10 tablets) were consumed daily with food for two weeks. Trainings were performed for two weeks, 6 sessions per week and 90 minutes per session. Evaluation of CK, LDH and AST indices in the state of at least twelve hours of fasting was performed in three stages: previous, immediately and 24 hours after the completion of the protocol. One-factor analysis of variance test with repeated measures was used.

The results showed that CPK decreased significantly after fourteen days of supplementation in coenzyme Q10 group and increased significantly 24 hours after the last training session and in vitamin C group after fourteen days of supplementation and 24 hours after the last training session increased significantly. There was no significant difference in LDH and AST levels between the groups (P <0.05).

It seems taking coenzyme Q10 supplements may possibly reduce some indicators of muscle damage after water polo training.

Metabolic syndrome includes a set of metabolic disorders that expose the patient to cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of High intensity interval training and Eryngium billardieri extract consumption on the expression of visceral fat matrix metalloproteinase-2 gene and insulin resistance in rats with metabolic syndrome.

In this experimental study, 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 4 groups: 1- Healthy group 2- Metabolic syndrome 3- Metabolic syndrome + Eryngium billardieri 4- Metabolic syndrome + Eryngium billardieri + HIIT. The training protocol was performed on a rodent treadmill for 8 weeks and 5 sessions per week and 125 mg of Eryngium billardieri extract per kilogram of body weight was given by gastric gavage 5 days a week for 8 weeks. At the end of the eighth week, sample of visceral adipose tissue was taken to examine the expression of MMP-2 gene. Animal blood was collected from the heart. ANOVA were used for data analysis using SPSS 23 software at a significant level (p <0.05). Tukey significance test was used to compare significant differences.

Eight weeks of intense intermittent exercise with consumption of Eryngium billardieri extract caused a significant decrease in MMP-2 gene levels and glucose and insulin levels in comparison with the metabolic syndrome group (P <0.05).

According to the results of the study, it seems that High intensity interval training with the use of Eryngium billardieri extract helps to improve insulin resistance and reduce MMP2.

Background: Badminton booklet is a high-risk sport in the field of upper limb injuries. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between physical mechanics and upper limb injuries in professional badminton players. Materials and Methods: 20 professional open badminton players from the national badminton league with a history of shoulder injuries with age (28.41 1 1.12 years), weight (71.23 7 7.22 kg), height (36 5 5.88) / 175 m), playing history (4.6 ± 1.5 years), as well as 20 healthy open badminton players with age (27.63 2 2.3 years), weight (68.88 6 6.20 kg), height ( 20.4 ± 177 meters), games (2.3 / 2.5 years), participated in this study. The subjects' shoulder kinematic indices were evaluated. Data were analyzed by chi-square and logistic regression. Results: According to the results of the study, the relationship between physical mechanics and shoulder injuries was observed in both healthy and injured groups (P = 0.003) Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the anatomical factors of cinema are exposed to injury and athletes are considered to be related to anomalies and minor injuries, and because kinematic indicators are among the factors that have been damaged in predicting injury. , Can be considered. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the anatomical factors of cinema are exposed to injury and athletes are considered to be related to anomalies and minor injuries, and because kinematic indicators are among the factors that have been damaged in predicting injury Can be considered. by badminton coaches.

Metabolic syndrome is a set of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Vitamin D plays an important role in the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training and complementary of vitamin D + omega-3 on metabolic syndrome indices in obese women.

In this quasi-experimental study 40 women (26/4±7/6 yrs. 32/26±1/78kg/m2 ) Volunteered and they were randomly divided into four groups of 10 persons (aerobic training, vitamin D + omega-3 supplements, aerobic training + vitamin D + omega-3 supplements and control groups) . Aerobic training consisted of 12 week, 3 sessions of 1 hour each session at 60% of maximal oxygen consumption (1.6 km of treadmill walking). In supplement groups, supplementation was performed daily with 1000 IU vitamin D and 1000 mg fish oil. Blood samples were taken before and after the research protocol. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis test.

12 weeks of aerobic training plus supplementation significantly reduced lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, insulin concentration, waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure and the maximum oxygen consumption was significantly increased (p≤0/05).

Aerobic training is a safe and effective way to improve metabolic health. Also, combining vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids to modify metabolic syndrome-related indicators can increase the beneficial effects of training.

Parkour is a sport with alternating energy system in which some items such as lower body explosive power, muscular strength, production of high levels of power in the shortest period of time and high agility are of particular importance.Considering the anabolic and anticatabolic properties of beta-hydroxy beta-methyl butyrate (HMB), the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of taking this supplement along with plyometric training on body composition, agility and standing jump power of parkour athletes.

For this purpose, forty parkour trained men (19-26 years old) have been chosen and randomly categorized into four groups: HMB group, Plyometric group, HMB and Plyometric group and control group. The training program was performed for plyometric and plyometric-HMB group, three sessions per week for eight weeks which took one hour each Session. Also HMB and plyometric-HMB groups consumed three grams of HMB per day for eight weeks. Body composition analysis and Illinois test and standing jump power test were conducted before and after eight weeks of plyometric training and HMB supplementation. Research data was analysed by ANCOVA statistical test.

The results of statistical analysis of each group showed that performing eight weeks of plyometric training significantly improves the standing jump power, agility and body fat percentage of the parkour athletes (p <0.05).

These findings indicate that plyometric training increase the standing jump power and agility and reduce the body fat percentage in parkour athletes, but taking HMB supplement along with plyometric training only helps to burn more fat in the parkour athletes.