فصلنامه علوم روانشناختی
پیاپی 111 (خرداد 1401)

Hope in life is a futuristic indicator with a positive effect on health and well-being. Regarding the current tense situation resulting from the psychological, social and economic pressures of COVID-19, there is an urgent need to provide a local and comprehensive model of the hope discourse. Considering the fact that sharing is a native model derived from Islamic ontology, therefore, the present study seeks to answer the question of what is the sharing-based hope discourse model.

The present study aims at identifying the sharing-based hope discourse model.

The present research was conducted with a qualitative approach and an interpretive paradigm. Participants comprised 16 mothers married for 10-25 years with at least two children who were selected through purposive sampling. In-depth interviews were used to collect data (Potter, 2012). Data analysis was performed using discourse analysis and identification of key themes (Jorgensen and Phillips 2002).

In analyzing the data obtained from interviewing sharing people, 33 sub-themes and 17 main themes were extracted in hope discourse, ultimately leading to the identification of 6 themes, namely, narrative, cognitive, emotional, behavioral, communication and time themes in hope discourse.

The sharing-based hope discourse expressed positive and coherent narratives, positive emotion, positive cognitive perception with mindfulness and transcendental thinking, action-orientation, developmentalism, being communicative and positive and purposeful vision in the hopeful sharing person. Recognizing the effective factors in this discourse lays the groundwork for increasing hope and prosperity of the individual, family and society.

Social Anxiety Disorder is considered as the most common disorder among the anxiety disorders that causes various psychological problems. Therefore, it is important to investigate the effective therapeutic interventions in order to reduce these problems.

The present study evaluated the efficacy of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) on self-esteem, emotion regulation, and defense mechanisms in people suffering from social anxiety disorder.

A quasi-experimental desins of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up was used in this study. The statistical population included all men with social anxiety disorder in Shiraz who had refered to the centers of counseling, and psychological services in 1399. For this purpose20 of them were purposefully selected, and randomly assigned to the experimental, and control groups. Participants completed the self-esteem questionnaire of Cooper-Smith (1967), defense styles of Andrews et al. (1993), and emotion regulation questionnaire of Gratz (2004) before treatment. Then the experimental group received treatment sessions in 2 sessions of 60 minutes per week in 15 sessions. At the end of treatment sessions, and 2 months later, all the participants in 2 groups of experiment, and control completed the study questionairs again.

The results showed that ISTDP can increase self-esteem of people with social anxiety disorder (p<0.01). This therapy can affect defense mechanisms of people suffering from social anxiety disorder in the way that mature defense mechanisms increase, and immature defense mechanisms decrease in these people(p<0.01). The findings also showed that ISTDP decreases emotion dysregulation in people with social anxiety disorder (p<0.01).

It can be said that psychotherapists can use ISTDP to improve common emotional problems, self-esteem, and ineffctive defenses in people with social anxiety disorder

Research background in students with reading disorders shows that central auditory processing disorder has a major role in improving this disorder as well as improving auditory perception in children. However, less research has been done on the role of computers and computer games in the education and rehabilitation of these children.

The present research was conducted with the goal of examining the efficacy of a computer-assisted rehabilitation program for central auditory processing disorder on auditory perception and dictation of students with reading disorder.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test design and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the present study included all students in the second grade of elementary school who were referred to special centers for learning disabilities in Tehran in the academic year 2016-2017. To select the sample, using the available sampling method, among the children who met the inclusion criteria, 36 students were selected by the available method and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The research instruments were Fisher’s Auditory Problems Checklist (1976), Dichotic Digit test (2015), Speech in Noise test (2015), Auditory Perception (Hassanzadeh, 2015) and Dictation tests (Ministry of Education, 2018). In order to analyze the obtained data, the Repeated Measures ANOVA was used.

The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in the variables of Auditory Perception and Dictation (p˃ 0.001). The results also demonstrated that not only there existed a significant difference between the two groups, but that the main effect of the time factor was significant for the variables of Auditory Perception and Dictation (p˃ 0.001) and there was a significant difference between the mean scores of Auditory Perception and Dictation variables in the pretest, posttest and follow-up.

Due to the obtained results, it can be concluded that the computer-assisted rehabilitation program for central auditory processing disorder improves auditory perception and spelling problems of students with reading disorders.

Most children with ADHD have impairments in both the cool (cognitive) and hot (emotional, motivational) aspects of executive functions; however, the interventions focused more on the cool aspect of these actions.

The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of training of hot and cool executive functions at both parent and child levels on executive functions children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

This research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest control group

Most children with ADHD have impairments in both the cool (cognitive) and hot (emotional, motivational) aspects of executive functions; however, the interventions focused more on the cool aspect of these actions.

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of training of hot and cool executive functions at both parent and child levels on executive functions in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

This research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all 9 to 12-year-old children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Rasht who referred to medical-educational-research centers in 2021. The sample consisted of 26 children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder from the statistical population who were selected through convenience sampling, based on the inclusion criteria. They were then equally assigned to two (control and experiment) groups. The children in the experimental group and their mothers each received the hot and cool executive functions intervention program in 10 sessions. The instruments used included Cognitive demographic questionnaire, Canners Parent Rate Scale (1999), executive functions questionnaire (Gioia et al., 2000). data were analyzed using analysis of covariance.

The findings showed that training of hot and cool Executive functions at both parent and child levels improved all components of executive functions in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (P<0/01).

Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that multidimensional interventions are effective at different levels of the child and parents simultaneously and also focusing on all types of executive actions in the treatment of ADHD can be very effective. design. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all 9 to 12-year-old children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Rasht who referred to medical-educational-research centers in 2021. The sample consisted of 26 children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder from the statistical population who were selected through convenience sampling, based on the inclusion criteria. They were then equally assigned to two (control and experiment) groups. The children in the experimental group and their mothers each received the hot and cool executive functions intervention program in 10 sessions. The instruments used included Cognitive demographic questionnaire, Canners Parent Rate Scale (1999), executive functions questionnaire (Gioia et al., 2000). data were analyzed using analysis of covariance.

Mental health of female-headed refugee households is a human right.

The present study aims at inspecting the impact of the empowerment program of female-headed refugee households on their self-esteem, self-efficacy, hope, and attributional styles. The study is a semi-experimental one with two groups: experimental and control.

50 refugee single mothers, who were willing to participate in the study, were chosen. They were randomly assigned into two groups. The instruments for the study were Rogers’ self-concept questionnaire (1938-1975), Peterson, Semmel, von Baeyer attributional styles questionnaire (1982), Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale questionnaire (1965), Sherer et.al. General self-efficacy scale (1982), Schneider’s life expectancy questionnaire (1991). The pre-test was conducted in both groups. The experimental group received eight sessions of empowerment program of female-headed refugee households, which was designed by Toosi (2020), using qualitative studies. The duration of each session was 90 minutes. Mixed analysis of variance was used.

The findings of the study indicated that empowerment teaching programs have a significant effect (p<0.05) on self-esteem, self-concept, hope, and attributional styles of female-headed refugee households.

Thus, this empowerment program can be used to improve female-headed refugee households' psychological conditions.

Research shows that students with internalizing behavioral problems suffer from actions such as distress intolerance and inability to regulate emotion. Previous research has also shown that unified transdiagnostic treatment affects different variables. Therefore, according to the research background, there was a research gap in the effectiveness of unified transdiagnostic treatment in distress tolerance and emotion regulation of students with internalizing behavioral problems.

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of unified transdiagnostic treatment on distress tolerance and emotion regulation of students with internalizing behavioral problems.

The present study was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and a control group. The statistical population of this study included first-grade high school female students with internalizing behavioral disorders in Tehran schools in 2019-2020. Thirty students with internalizing behavioral problems were selected by purposive non-random sampling and assigned into experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The experimental group received unified transdiagnostic treatment (Barlow et al., 2017) in ten 90-minute sessions over three months. The data were collected by the Youth Self- Report (Achenbach & Rescorla (2003), Distress Tolerance Scale (Simmons & Gaher, 2005), and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefsky, Kraaij & Spinhoven, 2001), and were analyzed by the multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).

The results showed that unified transdiagnostic treatment increased distress tolerance and improved students’ emotion regulation (p= 0.01). Also, the results of MANCOVA showed that the effect of unified transdiagnostic treatment on distress tolerance (F= 106.23), self-blame (F= 17.84), other-blame (F= 37.22), rumination (F= 36.12), catastrophizing (F= 38.67), acceptance (F= 18.86), refocusing on planning (F= 21.06), positive refocusing (F= 35.26), positive reappraisal (F= 29.69), and putting into perspective (F= 33.59) was significant (p= 0.01).

According to the findings of this study, it can be stated that unified transdiagnostic treatment using emotional awareness training, learning to observe emotional experiences, re-identifying emotions, identifying patterns of emotion avoidance, and cognitive reappraisal increased distress tolerance and improved emotion regulation in students with internalizing behavioral problems.

Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy is a continuous effort to deeply experience emotions and feelings as a healing element. research has also shown the efficacy of (ISTDP) on Meatal Disorders. therefore according to the research background, there was a research gap in the field of Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) on burnout in the aviation industry.

The aim of this study was to to evaluate the efficacy of Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) on Tehran air traffic control staff who experienced symptoms burnout.

This quasi-experimental study was a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The Statistical population included ATC in Tehran in 2019 all were tested by Saatchi and Hooman’s burnout questionnaires (2008), Out of 123 people identified in the screening, 30 participants whose burnout scores were higher than the cut-off point of 182 were selected for the study and in the next stage again by job stress 60 questions Osipow (1987), and a short form of quality scale of 26 questions of the WHOQLS- BREF (1996)Were evaluated and randomly assigned to the experimental group (n = 15) and the control group (n = 15). The experimental group participated in 20 sessions of 90 minutes of Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using covariance test performed using SPSS 20

There was a significant difference between the two groups in the posttest in job stress, quality of life and self-efficacy. Experimental group showed a significant decrease compared to the control group(P <0.05)

Considering that Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy is effective in reducing negative emotions and burnout, in air traffic control staff, it can be He did it on more examples and in a other society.

Textbooks have been the main and official source of transmitting the values of society to students and a very powerful force in the process of forming gender roles of children and adolescents. In this study, gender representation and identification of gender relationship in the English language textbook of the second year of high school in Iran is considered.

Identifying the basic components of gender discourse in Persian and English literature and social science textbooks in the second year of high school

Quantitative and qualitative content analysis is a combination. Qualitative content analysis of the text of lessons and pictures has been selected, in which the quality of representations has been examined. Quantitative content analysis method is also used to quantitatively compare the number of images, feminine and masculine nouns and pronouns. The statistical population of this research was the whole English language textbook of the second year of high school and the results of the research were examined using the mean, f and t test.

Content analysis of books has also shown a traditional and clichéd approach and disproportion and balance, especially in expressing emotional feelings of attention to both genders.

Ignoring the educational reality of female students and not reflecting it in textbooks does not seem very logical. Also, in order to improve the situation, a cultural background must first be provided. This research showed that the reproduction of sexist discriminatory stereotypes is done covertly and sometimes openly in educational books through images and literary texts

Previous studies have highlighted the significant effect of psychodrama in healing grief, anger and a variety of psychiatric ailments, including mood and anxiety disorders and excoriation as an obsessive-compulsive related disorder; however, there is limited research on using psychodrama to work with people diagnosed with OCD.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of psychodrama on the improvement of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and anger in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

This research was implemented via a quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design. Statistical population were all of OCD patients presented to Nik Avin psychology and counseling clinic during the months of June 2020 to July 2020. The subjects were 24 OCD patients (16 females and eight males) who were selected by convenience sampling, and were randomly divided into equal-sized experimental and control groups. During the study, both the experimental and control groups were receiving pharmacotherapy regimen, but the experimental group also received three sessions of psychodrama treatment in the form of group therapy for four weeks. The protocol of psychodrama sessions proposed in the present study was created and designed by the first author of this article (Shirani) in 2020. Data were collected before and after the intervention using the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (1977) and Novaco Anger Inventory-Short Form (1994).

Multivariate Analysis of covariance of the data using SPSS23 showed that psychodrama therapy is significantly effective in improving obsessive-compulsive symptoms and anger in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (p<0/05).

Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder who participated in psychodrama group therapy sessions showed improvement of Obsessive-Compulsive symptoms and reduced anger. According to the results of this study psychodrama as an effective therapy for improvement of OCD symptoms is suggested.

All stages of an architectural design process, from research and analysis to form generation, require creativity. Therefore, in architecture, it is crucial to be familiar with creativity and use it correctly. Despite conducting various researches in this field, there is still no common understanding of how to evaluate creativity in architecture and most of the evaluations are based on subjective criteria, which has led to uncertainties and the impossibility of correct evaluation of the work.

This study is aimed at identifying and prioritizing the components and indicators affecting the evaluation of architects' creativity.

This research has a applied goal, and it has been conducted using an exploratory mixed method. In the first step, the components and indicators were identified using the meta-synthesis method. By searching the databases with purposive sampling. In the quantitative section, data were collected using the questionnaire designed in 2020, and the questionnaires were distributed among 110 participants, including professors, architects, and the staff of the architecture-related management organizations in the city of Mashhad, Iran, who were selected using the cluster sampling method. After collecting the questionnaires and investigating them, they were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis.

The results approved the conceptual model, including the components; novelty,
practicability, usefulness and the artistic aspect )P = .001(.

The results approved novelty, practicability, usefulness and artistic aspect are the important components for the evaluation of architects' creativity in architectural design

Many people respond to challenges with irrational and unregulated emotional beliefs and behaviors. And they gradually acquire a dysfunctional view of themselves, the world, and the future, known as the cognitive triangle. Research shows that the psychological resilience program is one of the group programs based on cognitive-behavioral therapy to improve problem-solving skills and effective coping such as courage and relaxation in critical situations. Leads and strengthens optimism. However, there is a research gap in the application of coping methods and equipping students in our schools.

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of psychological resilience training on students' academic self-regulation and cognitive triangle.

The research method was quasi-experimental and pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population included all female high school students in Tehran in the academic year of 2019-2020 who were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling of 30 people and were randomly divided into two groups of psychological resilience training and control group. Research tools included Pintrich and De Groot (1990) and Cognitive Triangle (2005) and Cognitive Triangle Questionnaire. The psychological resilience training program (Gilham, Jikax, Reeves, Seligman, and Silver, 1990) was conducted for the experimental group in 5 sessions of 90 minutes, and the control group did not receive any intervention. To test the hypotheses, multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance were used using SPSS-25 statistical software.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental and control groups in academic self-regulation and cognitive triangle (p˂0.05). The effect of psychological resilience training on academic self-regulation was 0.70 and on cognitive triangle was 0.27.

The results showed that students participating in the educational program in comparison with the control group and in comparison, with before education in the components of motivation, cognition, feedback to themselves, the future and the world obtained high scores and in total cognitive triangle and They experienced better academic self-regulation

Although research has shown that spirituality in the organization leads to the development of human resources, research that looks at the modeling of components of the spiritualist organization in the university to develop human resources has been neglected.

The present study Aimed at identifying Spirituality-Based Organization Components at the University in Line with the Development of Human Resources to Provide a Desirable Model (Mixed Approach)

This is an applied study in terms of purpose, and it is also an explorative study in terms of data type. The participants in the qualitative section were the academic experts of whom 23 people were interviewed through purposive sampling and application of theoretical saturation criterion. In the quantitative section, 260 professors at universities in North Khorasan Province were selected as the sample. The analysis of the data in the qualitative section was carried out through content analysis(Creswell,2011), and the inferential statistics methods (one-sample t-test and confirmatory factor analysis) were used in the quantitative section. 

The components of spirituality-based organization in North Khorasan universities Identified were competence, compatibility, self-awareness, purposefulness, self-belief and spirituality. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that all factor loads were higher than 0.5 and the model was significant at (99%) confidence level and the fit of the model with a value of 2.36 was confirmed.

Findings showed that each of the components of competence, adaptability, self-awareness, purposefulness, self-belief and spirituality at the University with spiritual environment, could help people to develop human resources.