نشریه سیاست متعالیه
پیاپی 35 (زمستان 1400)

This study aims to identify the political issues raised in the interpretations of the Holy Quran. The comprehensive, sequential interpretations studied included the interpretation of Al-Mizan, Numoneh, Tasnim, Al-Manar, and Fi Zalal. To identify the political issues raised in the commentaries, first, the issues raised in political science were identified, and a comprehensive system of issues consisting of 263 subjects and main components and 271 sub-issues were extracted. In the next step, 57 main issues and components were identified in the form of 611 titles, which constitute about 21% of the main issues of political knowledge. Among the main issues raised in the field of research, only one title and article has been mentioned about 15 main issues, which are about 26% of the total issues identified. While about the three points of ruling (71), war and jihad (68), and government (66), i.e., 5% of the total known issues, 204 titles and articles have been mentioned, which have about 33% of the total titles and articles. Statistically, the percentage of problems posed in comprehensive, sequential interpretations is very limited and unbalanced. Because firstly, the Qur'anic view has been extracted from a few political issues, and secondly, most of the discussions have been made about a small number of the political problems. Accordingly, the sequential, comprehensive interpretations studied do not meet the needs of the Qur'an and politics, and a completely political interpretation must be developed by commentators familiar with political science to fill the gaps in this field and respond to the growing comprehensive scientific interpretation in this field.

This study investigates how the divine verses affect the anthropological foundations of political science based on the approach of the scientific authority of the Holy Quran. The research is based on the hypothesis that the Holy Qur'an, by establishing the anthropology of the Qur'an-based, introduces transcendent and special anthropology that affects all sciences, including political science. In this research, quadratic studies and the philosophy of science have been used analytically and critically. The results showed that human characteristics in the Qur'an, such as the divine caliphate of man, human dignity, attention to both material and spiritual needs, free will and choice, the purpose of creation, and attention to the layers of human existence, introduce politics as the arena of the divine caliphate. Moreover, he is always concerned about human dignity in political studies, and with a comprehensive approach of political science to this world and the hereafter, the human will and how to make the right and wrong choices, and the right to consult within limits determined by the consent of God and His Messenger. Covers human existence (heart, intellect, appearance, and behavior).

This study aims to explain the wisdom of illumination and the teachings of civil life to show that this wisdom is not indifferent to the hardships of worldly human life and does not consider any attainment of spiritual life possible without overcoming the obstacles and problems of injustice life. The research question is what kind of rationality of political life and governance Suhrawardi's environmental backgrounds have caused. In this study, assuming that the fields of thinking have an effect on the approach of the thinker's understanding of man and political life and its tactical and governance requirements, the hermeneutic method of context-based text has been used. The philosophical rational-reasoning method has also been used to show the effects of theoretical foundations on the design of the desired political order of Sheikh Ishraq Suhrawardi. The results showed that Sheikh Ishraq's philosophical apparatus has the capacity to enter into the rationale of politics and political phenomena. His problem is managing worldly life and overcoming material and otherworldly growth and development obstacles. Therefore he has a reason for the management and quality of its organization, especially in its governance and managers, and has proposed human sovereignty, the essential condition of which is spiritual conduct. Furthermore, it is the purification of the soul so that it can transfer society from a state mixed with all kinds of deviations and darkness to enlightenment and the world of enlightenment. Sheikh Ishraq's political philosophy is the philosophy of man's passage through the world of darkness and the philosophy of flourishing innate talents, especially the dimensions of taste through the rule of the perfect man.

The present study aims to explore the existence of political phenomena through rational and argumentative inferences, using the teachings of transcendent philosophy. The purpose of political phenomena are the concepts, structures, and actions in which those structures occur. The present study claims that political phenomena are a shadow of the existence of science. Science has an independent and external presence in transcendent wisdom, and individuals enhance their existence by increasing political awareness (which emerges in culture, history, and collective identity). The political reality is adapted to the whole ontology of transcendent wisdom by proving the research claim. As a result, political phenomena are related to other existing objective facts, and it is possible to examine the ontological issues in question. One of the essential achievements of the present research for the philosophy of humanities is that it provides the possibility of designing the philosophical foundations of humanities-based on the teachings of transcendent wisdom.

The purpose of the present study is an analytical comparison of the theory of government in the political thought of Mullah Ahmad Naraghi - as a jurist - and Seyyed Jafar Kashfi - as a mystic and philosopher - in the Qajar period. Comparative and descriptive-analytical methods have been used to analyze these two views. Hence, the most important question is, what are the similarities and differences between the two thinkers regarding Islamic government? A comparison of Naraghi's and Kashfi's views showed how much their worldview significantly affected their government approach during the absence. Kashfi had a non-jurisprudential worldview and sought to connect the Islamic ruler with the levels of reason. He adds to the ruling attributes that had neither a narrative nor a Qur'anic documentary; Rather, he came to such an idea based on his mystical experiences. Naraghi issued sentences based on evidence, based on which he arrived at a theory of politics. The rigorous results of the discovery worked, and he was able to accept the distinction between science/saif or sharia/custom as the thought of some thinkers of the constitutional age and to create distinct domains between sharia - prescribed - and custom - non-prescribed.

The present study aims to analyze the discourse of Imamate in the political thought of Allameh Helli and Ibn Taymiyyah in order to guide a rational theory of Islam in terms of political legitimacy by highlighting their weaknesses and views based on reason, books, and tradition. Hence, with the method of Michel Foucault's discourse analysis in expressing the commonalities and differences of the two views, it was shown that Ibn Taymiyyah, due to confusion about the concept of Imamate, could not succeed in theorizing. His view has problems such as contradictory, involving the people in legitimizing, presenting unrealistic standards, secularizing society, and legitimizing corrupt and authoritarian governments. On the contrary, Allameh Helli, due to the correct use of reason and narration, has been able to logically base his view on political legitimacy, based on a correct Islamic worldview, as the result of the legislative will of the supreme, which can only be achieved through the divine.

With the rise of the Sheibani Uzbeks, numerous schools were established in Bukhara to educate religious scholars and elites to legitimize the institution of government. The support of the school and the scholars trained in it was not only provided by the Sheybanids but also by the rulers of Ashtarkhani and Manghit, who subsequently came to power in this region and sought the support of the school institution. This study aims to answer the fundamental question of what place the school played in legitimizing the institution of power and the system of government in Bukhara? The method of descriptive-analytical research and the results make it clear that the Uzbek rulers, in order to strengthen the foundations of power and legitimize political greed in overcoming rulers and royalists, especially in ideological (Sunni-Shiite) confrontations of schools is, supported and made special arrangements for religious scholars educated in schools, and in return, the ulema endorsed all the government apparatus's policies, and decisions.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between religion and civilization. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the results showed that with all the movements of civilizations, religion has been an influential and critical factor in producing, cultivating, and achieving civilization. The history of religions and divine prophets in the Holy Qur'an has stated the development of civilization. Because religion leads human beings to a cohesive and orderly social society, away from dispersion and disorder, and by presenting transcendent rationality, it advances human beings on the path to happiness and well-being. Therefore, considering the religious principles of civilization, we find that in the great civilizations, social activities, political, economic, moral, intellectual, and philosophical experiences arose from a kind of religious view and religious orientation, and for Islamic society, reaching civilization, return and action, it is based on Islamic teachings.

This study aims to investigate the prevention of crime and political upheaval. In this regard, the main question is whether the occurrence of political crimes in a country indicates the weakness of political and moral norms? Moreover, what are the basic components in preventing these crimes and overcoming them? The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on library resources. It has qualitatively studied the theoretical, applied axes about the prevention of political crime based on the Political Crime Law approved in 2016 and has applied the common theories in deviation and deviation. Where appropriate, field statistics of a variable have been tested to test the hypotheses of a variable. The results showed that the quantity and quality of political crimes in each country indicate the distance between the requirements of the value system in the socio-political field and the reality among the social masses. According to the definition of political matter and political crime in any country, political criminals can be categorized based on which a preventive approach can be taken. The purpose of preventing political crime is first to establish morality and normativeness in the socio-political sphere and, secondly, to prevent the transformation of political crimes into political upheaval (including security crimes, deprivation of liberty, and similar public crimes). Due to the attachment of the spiritual and material elements of the political crime to socio-political factors and positive concerns, the strategy for preventing these crimes should be sought more in social factors, value and anti-value systems, contexts of deviation, etc. and studied in the case of individual biological and psychological factors (which are more common in general crimes) is of little use in this category.

The main purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate the impact and role of Islamic councils in the process of political development of the Islamic Republic of Iran with a macro view of performance and obstacles, and factors of failure and to present strategic plans for the future. The research method is descriptive-analytical and seeks to evaluate the impact of Islamic councils on the political development process of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The results showed that increasing public awareness, public trust in social institutions, realizing the rights of the people, and promoting a culture of accountability and a culture of independence could lead to political development, reduce municipal authority, and overcome political issues tastes over other aspects. Specialized and non-specialized affairs have had a negative impact on political development. Political affairs are not separate from the sphere of people's lives, and political development is not only related to governmental affairs, which for ordinary people is an alien and alien concept and only in the hands of the ruler and his representatives, but the purpose of political development is to increase various capacities. Moreover, society is in everything, which obliges the system to respond better to public demands. The role of the Islamic councils of the city in the political development of the country is not very efficient and colorful; the cities do not have a favorable development process, and the councils do not play a significant role in political development. A principled structural reform can pave the way for solving existing problems and political development, and optimal management of cities and regions.

This study investigates the factors affecting the financial costs of the Islamic Consultative Assembly elections and its consequences on the democratic process. In this regard, the financial expenses of the candidates of the Islamic Consultative Assembly of the tenth election of Rasht city were examined. The research method was the survey, and two questionnaires and semi-in-depth interviews were used. The study's statistical population was all citizens over the age of 20 living in Rasht, whose number is approximately equal to 625,500 people. Cochran's formula was used to estimate the sample size, and the sample size was 384 people. The results showed that the most important factors influencing the methods of financing parliamentary elections in Iran are voters 'political knowledge, citizen's relationship with the representative, citizens' attitudes toward the type of electoral system, number, and variety of sponsors and their motives, type of political system and status. Economic community. Almost 95% of the respondents emphasized that the short-term interests of the citizens, especially their sponsors, prevail over other matters and that there is a kind of institutionalized supportive relationship. The findings also suggest that current laws should be reviewed, and the experiences of other countries should be used to reduce the adverse consequences of financing and spending political money.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the civil liability of the Islamic government in compensating for possible benefits to citizens. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the results showed that there are questions and challenges about a wide range of damages resulting from potential benefits that have led to different views on the ability to compensate for the damage in the present study from different angles the category. Possible benefits, including civil liability of the government, were based on the principle of unity of natural and legal persons in compensation. In order to resolve ambiguities, challenges, and legal conflicts, components such as justice and the rules of waste and harmlessness can be invoked. Therefore, any damages resulting from the government's actions and decisions can be claimed.

This study aims to examine the fire defense strategies in political management to combat soft war from the perspective of the Supreme Leader. In this regard, using thematic analysis tools, arbitrary fire defense strategies in political management to combat soft war in the intellectual-political system of the Supreme Leader based on three ontological, epistemological and methodological approaches were studied. The process of the Supreme Leader's optional method of firing on the subject of political management to counter the soft war in the first place is the correct knowledge of the enemy and his plans; If the enemy is not accurately identified in this area, then the necessary and appropriate defensive and offensive measures will not be taken. The next step in the fight against arrogance of power is readiness because victory in combat will be achieved when the forces are sufficiently prepared to confront the enemy and its plans. Ultimately, the requirement of faith is the presence of the believer in the combat, a necessity that, if fulfilled, according to the Supreme Leader of the Revolution, the arrogant will not be able to defeat this nation and the revolution.

The purpose of this study is to explain the compatibility of the role of the national media with the role of the national media researcher in the political efficiency of the Islamic Republic of Iran based on the objectives of the Supreme Leader from the perspective of academics. Descriptive-explanatory and using the survey technique and with the tool of "take noting," and a questionnaire was done. A total of 326 samples, out of a total of 960 students, professors, and students with the bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees in the fields of political science and social sciences of the country's universities (University of Tehran, Shahid Beheshti, Ferdowsi, Mashhad, University of Mazandaran, Baqer al-Uloom (AS), Qom, and Shahid Bahonar, Kerman) were randomly selected as a sample using Morgan's table. Data were analyzed using SPSS Software. The results showed that 60.9% of the country's academics are satisfied with the performance of the national media in the political dimension, 59.4% in the cultural and social dimension, and 48.4% in the educational dimension of the objectives of the Supreme Leader. The overall results of the models show that 56.6% of the objectives of the Supreme Leader have been taken into consideration. 3% of women more than men believe that the national media adheres to the leadership of the Supreme Leader in their programs.

This study aims to investigate how the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia in the face of the Syrian crisis is formed. In this research, an attempt was made to use the framework of Laclau and Moff's discourse analysis to form the different foreign policies of Iran and Saudi Arabia towards the Syrian crisis on the one hand and to adopt a different orientation towards the crisis on the other, separate from its policy and described inside. The results showed that Saudi Arabia and Iran also confronted each other as two active regional actors in the Syrian crisis. However, the perception of each of these two crises was different, and this crisis had different meanings for each of them. Thus, while the resistance-oriented discourse has been shaped as Iran's foreign policy discourse in the Syrian-Israeli crisis, with national interests, Iran's national security, defined as a key member of the resistance-driven, in support of the Assad government. In the Iranian threat discourse, as in the Saudi foreign policy discourse on the Syrian crisis that has developed against Iran, Saudi national interests and national security are defined in terms of countering the Iranian threat.