مجله پژوهشهای راهبردی در علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی
سال هفتم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1401)

International trade theories have highlighted the importance of specialization of countries to benefit from the global trade network. In addition to foreign currency earnings, the development agricultural exports can play an important role in ensuring food security and improving the level of resilience of agricultural sector in Iran. One of the approaches to analyze export development process is to study export possibilities from the perspective of comparative export advantage and specializing in the framework of advantage dynamics. So the present study seeks to explore the following research question: has the exports of selected Iranian agricultural products (pistachio, saffron, dates, raisin, apple, cucumber and kiwi) has moved towards specialization in the global market? To achieve this goal, we assess the specialization pattern of Iran over the period 2001 to 2017. Findings reveal that all the selected products had a comparative export advantage during the selected period, but none of them has moved towards specialization. In other words, despite having the export comparative advantage, Iran has not have long-term plans to promote exports of selected products in the global market. The analysis in the form of panel data during the two periods of 2001-2009 and 2010-2017 also indicates that the export of selected products do not support dynamism and specialization over time. Regarding the export capacities of Iran's agricultural sector, it is recommended to enter into long-term contracts in the target markets in order to increase the export share of selected products through adaptation and implementation of continuous production and export policies.

Total Innovation Management as a new paradigm includes five components: innovation culture, organizational structure, technology management, innovation strategy and innovators. The present article has been compiled to present an "analysis of the role of Total Innovation Management in date conversion and complementary industries of Kerman province in order to provide employment and income conditions for gardeners by improving conversion and complementary industries." Applied research is a survey in terms of research method. Its statistical population includes 200 farmers in Kerman province who are engaged in marketing, packaging and processing of date products. The sample size was calculated based on Cochran's formula of 155 people. In order to answer the research problem, a questionnaire was designed as the main research tool and SPSS and AMOS software were used to analyze the research results. The research results showed that between the development of conversion and complementary industries of dates and Dimensions of comprehensive innovation management there is a significant correlation.

Tourism development in tourism-friendly areas is now one of the ways to reduce poverty, migration and social and economic problems. Ecotourism occupies a special place among the various types of tourism and has grown rapidly over the past two decades. In this study, the recreational potential of the Bamoo National Park and Tang-e-Bostanak (Behesh -e- Gomshodeh) protected area in Fars Province was first assessed using the Makhdoum method and then using Clawson's socio-economic assessment method to assess the recreational needs and demand for these areas . The results of the leisure demand assessment showed that most people choose places with natural attractions for recreation, 63.3% of Bamoo National Park visitors and 71.5% of Behesh -e- Gomshodeh visitors had such an opinion. Access by private car should be provided in these two areas. Spring and summer are the most popular times of the year to visit these areas. The provision of infrastructure facilities in a manner homogeneous with nature is desired by around 90% of the visitors in both areas, and they are willing to pay a fee to provide these services and to increase their facilities and quality, as well Protection and participation in nature conservation and the restoration of natural landscapes is one of the interests of the people in these two areas. In general, it can be concluded that people welcome Ecotourism attractions provided they are accompanied by the provision of services and needs of ecotourists; They also work together to preserve nature.

The use of machines in the process of agricultural production is aimed at to reduce the production costs, timely performing the agricultural operations, reducing the labor costs, managing inputs, which ultimately resulted in productivity improvements and a quantitative and qualitative increase in production. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanization status of agricultural and horticultural products in Iran which by studying different systems of utilization of agricultural machines, studying the problems in agricultural mechanization of Iran can provide suggestions for promotion of agricultural mechanization in Iran with emphasizing sustainable agriculture and pay attention to the environmental impacts of agricultural mechanization. In order to measure the mechanization indices, the distribution of crop cultivars were extracted from the data between 2014-2015. Also, in order to measure the mechanization index in different sectors between 2013-2017, data were collected from Ministry of Agriculture Jihad. The results of the study showed that the status of mechanization coefficient as an indicator for showing the mechanization status in the country's manufacturing cooperatives is not suitable. The role of mechanization in increasing the production of agricultural and horticultural products was about 35% due to the presence of machinery in the production process. The results showed that the sustainable agriculture can be achieved with mechanization in such a way that the least harmful impact on the environment is reached. Energy indicators are one of the most important tools for assessing energy consumption in this sector.

Resilience refers to the ability of a system to withstand inherent or external vulnerabilities, and increasing the resilience of various economic sectors to internal and external hazards is known as a resilient economy. This issue is doubly important, especially in the agricultural sector, due to the great importance of this sector in the country's economy. Therefore, in this study, the resilience of the agricultural sector in the provinces of Iran has been investigated in 2017. For this purpose, a composite index consisting of 36 indicators in six climatic, demographic, agricultural products, economic, infrastructure and environmental dimensions was used and the data of the variables was compared with their previous trends. Hierarchical method was used to determine the weight of each index and finally, the values of each index for 31 provinces of the country were estimated as the weighted average of the indices of different dimensions. According to the results of the combined agricultural resilience index, Gilan (0.54437), Hormozgan (0.5274) and Bushehr (0.4677) provinces are the most resilient provinces of Iran in the agricultural sector and the lowest resilience rank is related to Qom (0.3889), Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari (0.3851) and Markazi (0.3774) provinces.

Agriculture is one of the most important economic activities that pave the way for the degradation of natural resources. The interrelationship between environmental degradation and agriculture is an issue that has received much attention, especially in developing countries. One of the criteria that measures the set of pressures on the environment is the ecological footprint index, which shows the extent of human impact on the environment. In the present study, using the ecological footprint index as a measure of environmental degradation, the relationship between agricultural activities and environmental degradation with respect to population impact and energy consumption for selected MENA countries in the form of Panel data for 1995-2018 was investigated. The results showed that in the long run, per capita national income, total agricultural production and total population had a negative and significant effect on ecological footprint, but in the short term, national per capita income and total agricultural production have had a positive and significant effect while there is a one-way causality from national per capita income and total population to ecological footprint that has caused environmental degradation. On the other hand, the error correction coefficient indicates the slow pace of adjustment in the short run, and total agricultural production and national per capita income have the greatest impact on environmental degradation. Therefore, by focusing on policies to increase per capita income along with the use of superior technologies in agriculture to protect the environment, the selected countries of Mena can prevent environmental degradation and achieve sustainable development.