نشریه توسعه پایدار محیط جغرافیایی
پیاپی 2 (بهار و تابستان 1399)

Existence of urban green space is one of the prerequisites for achieving sustainable urban development and plays a key role in improving the quality of life of urban dwellers. The research is practical and quantitative in terms of purpose and nature and is of analytical-comparative type and using Preference selection index and multi-moora technique has been analyzed green space indicators in Isfahan metropolis. The research data is adapted from the statistics of Isfahan metropolis in 2019. The results of the preference selection index for the analysis of green space indicators in the metropolis of Isfahan show that the highest score belonged to regions 4, 6, 10 and 8. The lowest scores of the preference selection index were assigned to regions 2, 11 and 15. The results of applying the three approaches of multi-moora technique for the analysis of urban green space indicators show imbalance and inequality in 15 Regions of Isfahan metropolis. The highest score of the Ratio system approach was compared to region 10 and the lowest score of the Ratio system approach was assigned to region 11. The highest score of the Reference point approach belonged to region 14 and regions 11 and 3 obtained the lowest score of the Reference point approach. In the Complete multiplication approach, region 8 of Isfahan metropolis has the highest score and regions 11, 1, 2 and 14 have the lowest score. The difference between the scores obtained in the preference selection index and the three approaches of Multi Moora technique indicates the existence of inequality in the field of urban green space indicators in the fifteen Regions of Isfahan metropolis.

City as a text is a complex network of cultural codes which provide reading of city for people. By this explanation, this text can investigate and analyze through semiotics approach. Exploring shows that the trends which happened after capitalism and modernism, have had influence on this text and decontextualized from its textual layers, so changing in role of signs happened (sign is an analytical media for analyzing the text). In other words, signs in modern and capitalized city, is not a cultural sign and readable ones for observers. There are only functional signs or maybe symbolic ones. Baudrillard named this changing as economic-political theory of signs. So signs decade to their lowest functions and therefore the lowest level of meaning perceived, which lead to suspending and plurality of meaning for observers. Urbanscape is the first scene which human perceived and observed when faced with the city. Therefore, urbanscape chose for analysis in this article. Defining the influential factors, which decontextualize from urbanscape, is the main goal of this research. For achieving the goal, first investigating the concepts and defining the theoretical framework done, then major urbanscape of Karaj explored as the case study. For this goal, new constructions, which decontextualize from the text (urbanscape), are considered. This analysis based on semiotic approach and economic-political theory of sign. Results shows that emphasis on functional and symbolic dimension of signs and economic and political trends lead to constructions with no compatibility to textual layers of urbanscape which make problems in readability and perception of it.

Rapid urbanization and lack of urban readiness for accepting emerging social conditions have led to the formation of low-quality of urban environments in many developing countries. This issue has directly affected the quality of life of citizens. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the variables affecting citizens' satisfaction about the quality of urban environment in Ardebil’s District 4. This research is an applied and developmental purposely and descriptive-analytical methodically. A sample of 382 people has been questioned. For data analysis, one-sample T-test and independent T-test, multiple regression analysis (Enter), Variance or F test, and Scheffe's test to examine the difference between several groups has been used. The results of this research show that residents' satisfaction from the quality of urban environment is at a low level. So that the level of satisfaction with the quality of the urban environment is lower than the theoretical. Independent T-test and Variance test showed that type of occupation, education level and settlement duration, affect the level of citizen satisfaction from urban environment quality. Other personal characteristics do not affect the quality of the urban environment (age and gender) in citizen satisfaction. The residential environment variables have a far greater proportion compared to other variables in predicting the dependent variable.

Environmental issues in Iran are increasing. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social capital and environmental concerns of the construction of Karun 3 multifunctional dam in Khuzestan province. To investigate eight variables (effects on water, sound effects, effects on land, effects on air, effects on Habitat, socio-economic effects, health effects and beauty effects). The method of the present research has been applied and the opinions of experts in this field in the form of questionnaires and interviews have been used to examine the mentioned factors. The sampling method was a combination of two methods non-probability targeted sampling and snowball sampling. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. The results show the positive effect of social capital on environmental behaviors and attitudes and in addition, the inadequacy of social capital in improving environmental behavior and attitudes of dwellers. The results also indicate the desired effects and the creation of large and important benefits in the region through the construction of Karun 3 Dam. Therefore, in order to achieve the desired goals by applying appropriate environmental management systems, it is necessary to direct the set of activities in a way to minimize the possible negative effects of such a huge project. Findings from regression analysis also showed a 25% explanation for changes in environmental concerns with social capital.

The development of urbanization is one of the most important factors in population concentration,change in environmental conditions , general urban structure change that has caused the development and spread of decay textures conditions and has challenged the sustainability of the city. The purpose of this research is to analyze the decay texture of Tehran 10 metropolitan area and the stability of its 3 districts. The research method is analytical-descriptive and data are collected and the statistical information is analyzed in four dimensions: physical, social, economic, and environmental, using the ELECTRE model and the three regions are ranked based on them. The findings show that District 3 of Tehran 10 area is in the most stable physical condition thanks to the modernization of most of its buildings and having the least amount of microorganisms in the texture and impassable streets. Regarding the social status of District 2 based on the average population, the number of literate students as well as the average environmental indicators, it is considered the most stable socially and environmentally. On the other hand, the number of immigrants is very high in this area and the imbalance in the population and the use of services and green spaces results in economic inefficiencies. Considering the economic dimension, all three districts are ranked the same.none of these factors are separated from the other and each affects the erosion of textures. Therefore, to guide the area in the direction of sustainability, all the influential factors should be taken into consideration.

The purpose of this study was to develop strategic strategies for Shahrekord's survivability based on the role of urban management. The present research is based on the purpose (type of use), an applied research. The method used in this research is a descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of this research is Shahrekord residents, and the statistical area of the whole area is Shahrekord. The number of statistical societies (160,000) is considered. The sample size was 383 people, based on the Cochran formula and randomly available. Data collected based on the SWOTmodel were analyzed. The results indicate that defensive strategies, conservative type strategy, competitive type strategy, and ultimately aggressive strategy are respectively in the first to fourth priority respectively. Based on this, the most important strategies for the development of Shahrekord's shelf life, based on the performance of urban management, include strengthening and protecting the right to social participation, using successful experiences and popular beliefs, in order to improve the laws and regulations in Shahrekord, to organize participatory projects in Different levels of local,national, and international transport, development and strengthening of cultural, social and economic interactions between people in different places through television programs.

The growing urbanization and the lack of integrated urban management have led to inefficiencies in urban planning, as these inefficiencies are more visible at the " Neighbourhood " level. In this regard, attention to sustainable urban-local development is possible when local councils have devoted a special role to it. Accordingly, this paper, by survey-analytical method, field and library studies, has been compiling information from residents of the Amir-Abad neighborhood to evaluate the role of local councils in sustainable urban development and its relation to urban biomass. In order to do this, the researchers for field studies have prepared a questionnaire in 25 variables including social, economic, health, housing, environmental and cultural indicators, and then distributed to residents of Amir Abad neighborhood. Therefore, SPSS software has been used to analyze residents' views on the stability of Amiraabad neighborhood. Also, the question of the present article is; what is the relationship between the local councils and its sustainable development, and how can these councils help to achieve the goals of sustainable development of the localities? The results of the research indicate that the Amir Abad Neighborhood Council, with a fundamental shift in the planning of neighborhood development, can pay attention to the ecological, economic, social, political and cultural stability of the neighborhood in the direction of sustainable development of the neighborhood. Finally, it can be said that with the coherent management of the neighborhood, local sustainable development can be realized for bioaccumulation.

The growth of population and its activities, as well as the development of big cities and the change in climate, have resulted in permanent or seasonal dryness of lakes and wetlands, thereby accumulation of evaporite minerals, especially salt in these lakes. This will have extensive environmental impact on cities, villages and agricultural areas. So, analyzing how to reduce vulnerability of villages and citiesagainst natural risks has become a critical and extensive issue in the field of planning and risk management. The present study, as a strategic plan for environmental risks in villages located in the southeast of Lake Urmia, with a descriptive analytic purpose, has applied an analytical approach to this issue. In this research, we identified the internal and external factors using SWOT. Then we applied AHP, on a Likert scale, to rank the internal and external factors, in order to choose the best strategy analyzing SO, WO, ST, and WT. The final result of assessing the internal and external factors determines the strengths of the region (with a total final value of 0.483), the opportunities facing the region (with a total final value of 0.179), the weaknesses (with a total final value of 0.23), and the threats around the region (with a total final value of 0.107). Considering the internal and external factors, a defensive strategy would be the best strategy, and it would have a relative advantage compared to other strategies.

Over the last few decades, social capital has been recognized as one of the most important factors in achieving sustainable development. In this regards, several studies has been done on the assessment of social capital as well as its impact on social sustainability of urban neighborhood. The mentioned issue has always emphasized in Tehran municipality by formal and informal organizations. In this regard, this paper based on descriptive-analytical method aimed to survey and measuring social capital in Evin neighborhood as well as its relationship with social sustainability. In this paper, non-probability sampling is used in both experts and resident’s levels and data collection has been through field and documentary studies. To analyze data, AHP model in the Expert Choice software, one-sample T-test, Pearson correlation and regression in the SPSS software are used. The result shows that the level of social sustainability in Evin neighborhood is medium and also the positive correlation is significant between social sustainability and sustainability.

Vulnerability caused by the flood is complex and fluctuation. The flood vulnerability is depended on the phenomena such as precipitation, runoff and its accumulated and amount of vulnerability lowland areas of flood. Flood vulnerability be varied over time and from region to another that its reason for natural special circumstances . In order to drawing schematic of vulnerability surface caused by flood in Babul city, we used Analytical Hierarchy Process model (AHP) with variables namely: lands use, old texture, distance from transportation network and river, runoff height, slope, channel density and height. Priority and determination relationship between these variables with the vulnerability carried out through AHP method. The weight of criteria were: land use and old texture 0.35, distance transportation network 0.24, distance from river 0.16, runoff height 0.10, slope 0.07, density of channel 0.044 and for variable height 0.03. Therefore, land use and old texture gained minimum and maximum weights. After calculating the relative weights and using the equation obtained from the coefficients of the variables, Babul city flood vulnerability map was prepared by using the analysis formats in Arc Map in five vulnerability class: very low, low, medium, high and very high. Very high vulnerability class based on old texture mapping of the old texture of Babul and parts it is that density is highest or impermeable surfaces is highest. Very high vulnerability area is visible more in downtown and the river surrounding. However, the expansion of agriculture lands and reduced density of impermeable surfaces (use of residential and passageways) led to reduce flood vulnerability in city. Area of very low vulnerable class and very high vulnerable are 4.3, 9.3, 5.9, 4.7 and 7.7, kilometers respectively. The low vulnerable class and very high vulnerable class including 29.1 and 23.9 percentage of Babul city area, respectively. Finally locating 38 percentages from Babul city in very high and very high vulnerable is indicating high relatively vulnerable of this city in flood.

Today, the transportation and traffic as socio-political as a socio-political phenomenon, it plays an important role in the quality and socio-economic structure of a society. The purpose of this study is Measuring the effectiveness of transportation planning with global green economy indicators. Type of this research is descriptive-analytic study. And collect data from field studies and library use. Also for analysis multi-criteria decision-making models (DEMATEL) is used. The findings show that among the main criteria for research, development of non-motorized transport with the highest weight factor and direct impact in first place with (36/81) points, the cost of accidents with a score (33/37) in second place and eventually travel demand management with a score (36/81) in third with and these factors are the most important factors in the development of sustainable transport in the city of Sari.The SWOT model has been used to identify the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities for sustainable transportation in Sari. The final strategy for the development of sustainable transportation in Sari is an aggressive strategy. Finally, with the Qspm matrix, the prioritization of strategies for sustainable transportation planning was determined.

This article attempts to review and explicate Planning ethics concept, largely as articulated by exponents of the practical ethics, in terms of the planning theory. The paper can be read in a sequence of a larger argument about planning ethics and it makes more urgent the existing critiques of planning theories without ethical direction. We develop –based on thematic analysis method - how professional ethics codes in planning produce important issues that must be considered. So at the very core of the article is an attempt to recompose of the ethical view about planning tactics in the decision-making process, to break out from idealism of conventional planning theory to make space for the insights of realistic thinking about planner behavior. The article argues therefore that the idea of problem-oriented ethics in planning can go realized.