نشریه گفتمان طراحی شهری
سال دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 5، بهار 1400)

Analyzing the shape and form of the city is one of the first steps in the process of Urban design and planning. The Method of this paper is a visual survey research method with the experience of "Spreiregen" (1965). In this particular method that consist of  review historical period, type of shape, texture and grain of form, form factors, urban elements, symbols and signs, skyline, identity, orientation, a pattern of access. The results indicate that the city of Yazd has 4 main districts that are different in shape and form. Several factors have been involved in their differentiation. These four districtions are: Area A: this distriction is heritage site registerde in UNESCO list. it includes the texture left in the city of Yazd from the pre-Islamic period to the Qajar period. Range B This district is more historically related to the Pahlavi period and the 70s and 80s. It has two subsets B1 and B2. The growth of the city in the Pahlavi period and its date change has been studied as B1 and the growth of the city in the 60s and 70s under the heading B2 has been studied. Zone C includes development related to Mehr-housing projects, and district D includes sprawl development that does not meet the requirements of the last decade. The formal and shape features of these areas have been visual survey in the paper.

Cities, as the main areas of human life, consist of components and elements such as open and public spaces. Today, advances in digital technology in various fields, including public spaces, have had a tremendous impact.

The purpose of this study is to address the impact and effects that cyberspace has on public spaces and their presence.

Based on its objectives, the research is fundamental and is in the category of descriptive and explanatory-analytical studies. After reviewing the basics related to smart city and public spaces by referring to valid documents and texts, the impact of cyberspace on urban public spaces has been considered and according to the criteria of presence in space, 100 questionnaires of Tehran citizens have been completed and analyzed.

Findings show that most people use cyberspace as a stimulus and tool to be in public and not as a competitor to not be in public. However, this trajectory in Iran is close to the average because some people (older or with special characteristics) still use cyberspace and the mentioned technologies in a more limited way.

The results show that cyberspace serves citizens as a stimulus to increase their presence in public spaces. Therefore, it is necessary for urban planners to try to improve services and use cyberspace and technology as a tool to facilitate the presence in cyberspace.

In light of the rapid global urbanization, providing a better quality of life in cities is becoming an increasingly critical issue for urban planning. However, the links between the built environment and subjective well-being are not sufficiently understood. This paper reviews the evidence on the range of pathways linking the built environment to subjective well-being. Seven potential pathways are identified and reviewed: ( travel, leisure, work, social relationships, residential well-being, emotional responses, and health. Based on this knowledge, the paper presents an overview of strategies for improving subjective well-being through urban planning. Among others, proposed strategies are to: enhance conditions for active travel; improve public transport while restricting cars; provide easy access to facilities and services; develop or steer technology and emerging mobility options to improve inclusiveness and quality of life for different groups; integrate various forms of urban nature as much as possible; provide accessible, inclusive public spaces and communal spaces; maintain upkeep and order in urban space, vegetation, and transport systems; implement noise reduction strategies; develop aesthetically pleasing buildings and public spaces based on residents’ needs and preferences; and reduce socio-spatial inequalities while providing support for housing and transport for vulnerable groups.

The subject of this article is to study the factors and criteria of urban street desirability and citizens' expectations from them. The problem of research is the lack of accurate knowledge of the components of urban street utility in its various sequences. The theoretical proposition of the research is that the existence of quality in the physical, spatial, semantic-symbolic and activity-social components leads to vitality, memory, safety and flexibility as dimensions of citizens' expectations of the urban street. . The research method of the article includes descriptive-analytical and survey methods. Data collection method Interview is an open and semi-structured questionnaire. The statistical population of citizens is three sequences from Valiasr Street.
The results of the research show that vitality and memory play an important role in meeting the expectations of citizens from the city street. The two dimensions of flexibility and safety play a lesser role than these other two dimensions. The proximity of the importance of the four components leads to greater desirability. For the desirability of an urban street, the role of physical, spatial, semantic and activity components is very different according to the nature of the street sequence, but the effectiveness of all four components in creating desirability and creating a unique street character is very important. Physical and spatial components lead to greater vitality and safety, and semantic and activity components lead to greater memory and flexibility.

The lands of Abbas Abad have a special place and position in the city of Tehran, and for this reason, during the last half century, it has always been considered by decision makers, planners, planners and urban designers. The urban plans presented for these lands, in addition to the design-spatial aspects, contain special ideological dimensions that may not be obvious at first glance. Understanding and explaining these dimensions is the main purpose of this forthcoming article.

In order to better understand these two aspects, the method of discourse analysis is used. Accordingly, relying on a structuralist approach based on linguistic teachings in the face of existing documents, the two parts of intra-lingual and extra-lingual factors are opposed to each other.

Based on the methodological approach of the article, on the one hand, intralingual factors include design-spatial aspects of the design and on the other hand, extralinguistic factors related to its ideological aspects.  Accordingly, it is shown that the existing ideas in the design-spatial dimensions of each of the proposed plans are an attempt to realize a part of the ideological dimension of this plan; Which, ironically, can be seen in their first perspectives.

Despite the formal differences in the spatial dimensions of urban plans of Abbas Abad lands in the two time periods considered in the article, each of these plans has a specific and unique ideological logic. Follows himself; Which is clearly tied to the initial perspectives of the designs.

Urbanization and population growth in metropolitan areas, on the one hand, and the growth of large-scale industrial activities, on the other hand, have led to changes in the climate of urban areas.This research is based on the classification of types of research in the category of descriptive and explanatory studies. Based on the results in the category of applied studies. It is based on qualitative and quantitative research processes. The research method is a combination of descriptive-analytical methods and software simulation with software Envi-Met software. Data is quantitative and qualitative related to the quality of space. Implementing it includes conceptual and theoretical modeling, software modeling, change in the type and amount of variables and testing the software model to find optimal answers. For this purpose, a basic model based on common urban forms in Tehran is selected and in which indicators such as the location of building blocks, orientation, the distance between blocks, the height of blocks in Envi-Met software are modeled and based on the index of thermal comfort and degree. PMV temperature was evaluated. According to the software outputs, it can be concluded that the location, distance, orientation and height have a positive effect on reducing thermal islands and providing thermal comfort conditions