نشریه جغرافیا و مطالعات محیطی
پیاپی 42 (تابستان 1401)

In the last few decades, due to the tendency of people to migrate to large cities and metropolises due to the appropriate economic opportunities in them, we have witnessed significant population growth in these cities, which in itself has led to challenges. شده Ha and issues. One of the solutions proposed by experts and activists in the field of urban management to solve these challenges has been the planning and location of new cities around these metropolises. However, considering the fact that the citizens in these new cities already had appropriate facilities and facilities in the city of origin, it can be said that in their understanding of spatial justice in these cities The new one will create challenges. In this regard, this study was formed with the aim of examining citizens' readings of new cities based on spatial justice. To achieve the goal, after explaining the effective indicators of spatial justice according to the research literature, a structured questionnaire was designed and distributed among citizens in Parand. Data analysis by Farid Man test method showed that people living in this city, more than anything else, have considered daily service uses as an effective factor in the perceptual reading of spatial justice in the new town Parand . Accordingly، it was concluded that citizens in the study of spatial justice first consider their most basic needs.

Urban development projects continue to evolve with the aim of serving humanity and following the example of sustainable development components. In the meantime, achieving the goals of the projects can reveal the degree of success, realism and humanity of the projects. In betweenOne of the important goals of urban development projects is to provide basic services and human and urban infrastructure for the comprehensive development of human settlements. In this regard, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the effective factors of non-implementation of urban development plans in the city of Lamzan. In order to achieve the above goal of the research, first by using library documentary sources, concepts related to feasibility and land use are examined and then by completing a questionnaire based on the criteria and characteristics of the theoretical literature of the research among 120 experts and Specialists in the field of research and using the fuzzy AHP technique to prioritize the obstacles to the non-implementation of urban development plans in the city of Lamzan. The results show that the obstacles and problems of urban management, issues and problems of plan approval and issues and problems of the project preparation process, had the greatest impact on the non-feasibility of development plans for the city of Lamzan. Among the sub-factors related to the factor of urban management problems, the sub-factor is the weakness of the managerial body and the lack of integrated urban management with a final score of 0.223 in the first rank and the sub-criterion of improving external and internal communication with a final score of 0.124 is in the sixth and last rank. Is. Among the sub-factors of problems and approval of the plan approval, the sub-factor of approval from above and the lack of influence of people's representatives in approving the plan with a final score of 0.226 in the first rank, lack of coordination and alignment with the final score of 0.178 in the fifth and last rank has taken. Among the sub-factors of problems and problems of the project preparation process, the sub-factor of the length of the preparation process with a final score of 0.207 is in the first rank, the sub-factor of lack of complete and up-to-date information with a final score of 0.40 is in the last rank.

Environmental problems are one of the most fundamental problems of today's city and the result of human conflict with the natural environment. In this regard, in order to achieve the research goal to promote ecological cohesion and environmental resilience, the capabilities of remote sensing science and GIS and the use of continuity measurement metric (MNN) along with the Forman mosaic model has been used. Analysis of maps resulting from land use change shows; Stains made in the period (1986-2020) due to increasing population and demand for land and, as a result, urban growth in recent years by (+ 68%) increase in agricultural use (-52%) and gardens and green space (-31%) and barren lands have also decreased by about (-41%). The results of MNN metric analysis also indicate that; The continuity of the elements of the ecological structure of Behshahr city, especially the agricultural spots during the study period, has not been in good condition and has been severely damaged so that the ecological continuity of the agricultural spots in the last 34 years is about 48 meters, gardens and green space about 10 Meters have decreased and the distances between similar ecological spots have increased. In the end, the present study led to the preparation of a proposed model and protection and remediation solutions, as well as a critical network map of the study area.

Solving the problems and problems of Shahinshahr in the economic,social and environmental fields will be possible only in the shadow of the conscious participation of the citizens in managing the affairs of the cities.The purpose of this study is to explain participatory planning with a sustainable development approach in Shahinshahr.This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose,applied and developmental method and method.The statistical population of the study in this study includes all citizens of Shahinshahr with a population of173329people and the sample size was selected based on Cochran's formula to383 people.The research tool includes a questionnaire of44questions in eight variables(leisure, social trust,urban payments,urban elections,tendency to participate in urban affairs,tendency to participate in neighborhood affairs,individual perspective and feeling of powerlessness).The formal and structural method has been approved and its reliability has been confirmed based on Cronbach's alpha at the rate of0.86.The collected data were analyzed based onSPSSsoftware and t-test,Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Friedman tests and structural equation path analysis and confirmatory factor analysis inAMOSsoftware.Accordingly,the main question of the present study is what is participatory planning with a sustainable development approach in Shahinshahr?The results showed that the leisure index on participatory planning with sustainable development approach,social trust on participatory planning with sustainable development approach,payments on participatory planning with sustainable development approach,elections on participatory planning with sustainable development approach,neighborhood affairs Participatory planning with sustainable development approach,urban affairs have influenced participatory planning with sustainable development approach,individual perspective on participatory planning with sustainable development approach and feeling of powerlessness have affected participatory planning with sustainable development approach

In this study,, two independent sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA and ETA correlation test were used to significantly determine the role of research indicators. The maps and tests used in this research were prepared using ARC GIS, Envi 5.3 and Spss software. The results show that there was a significant difference (P <0.05) between the levels of physical development of the studied cities and the altitude of 1800-1200 m, less than 5% slope, loamy and clay soils and proximity to water resources (more than 10 m). Other groups had the same variance and the differences were not significant. The correlation coefficient of ETA between urban development levels and altitudes of 1800-1200 m was equal to 0.762, the correlation coefficient for slopes less than 5% was equal to 0.749, this value was equal to 0.623 for loamy and clay soils and finally for water sources the correlation coefficient was equal to 0.191. This indicates a strong correlation between urban development and expansion and altitude of 1800-1200 meters, slopes of less than 5%, loamy and clay soils and also the static level of more than 10 meters of groundwater had been introduced as a factor in the physical development of cities. Water resources with relatively weak correlation, in the first place resulted in the physical development and expansion of cities and in the second place were considered as a limiting factor in the physical development of cities due to destructive and dangerous floods.

In this research, the prediction of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) is investigated through training the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) network using data partitioned into inlier and outlier groups. The partitioning procedure is based on an automated method which uses K Nearest Neighbor (KNN) search and Local Linear Model Tree (LOLIMOT) methods. The mentioned proved to enhance the prediction procedure at least 36 percent with respect to normal training mode with no data partitioning. Hereafter, a PGA catalogue reported by the Iranian ground acceleration network with 1571 records was used and the trained network was used for predicting the PGA map around the Mormori, 2014 earthquake epicenter. We used spatial information of the epicenter and the site, earthquake magnitude, Vs30, depth of the hypocenters and the epicentral distance foe the sites. The resulted map adapts well to the official report of the mentioned earthquake for the PGA analysis published by the International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES). Finally, it is concluded that using machine learning algorithms could be beneficial in the cases where adequate data-sets are not provided by the seismological networks specifically in the concept of the strong ground motion analysis.

Today, the growth and development of societies in economic, social, political, public health and security dimensions depends on the performance of critical infrastructure. Infrastructure management and management is one of the most important concerns in this field to ensure their proper performance and sustainability against the risks ahead. Securing and safeguarding critical infrastructure and key assets against all risks, factors and adverse conditions is one of the most challenging issues for governments due to limited financial resources. One way to overcome these limitations is to prioritize and classify infrastructure. Proper determination of priorities, using measurable indicators, in addition to distinguishing critical assets and infrastructure from non-critical ones, leads to optimal resource management and increases the effectiveness of measures to protect critical infrastructure. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate and validate the indicators of the vitality of critical infrastructure and determine the weight of each indicator by the best-worst method. The results of studies performed on 26 initial indicators and the validity and reliability of the indicators led to the final confirmation of 24 indicators. Weighting of indicators was done according to the best-worst method (BWM). Based on calculations based on the opinions of selected experts, the index "Number of population at risk" with a weight of 8.5%, "Independence and territorial integrity" with a weight of 7.8% and "Defense capability" with a weight of 7.8%, respectively, have the highest weight and importance. Are assigned among the indicators.

High-rise and spatial development at the height of the product of population growth and urbanization, as well as lack of land for construction, in recent decades and is one of the most important trends in human habitation, which has turned into the dominant form of housing in cities after World War II and it is a good way to control the growth of the body of cities. It is necessary to identify the suitable areas for the construction of high-rises based on the principles of location, Because the lack of optimal location leads to unbalanced distribution and distances itself from social justice in cities, which includes concepts such as proportional distribution of functions and services, proper access to service and activity centers.This research is of applied type and in terms of nature and method is descriptive-analytical.Data collection was done by two methods of documentation and survey with a statistical population of 10 people as an example of urban planning experts.After reviewing, criteria was selected in four dimensions of physical, social and cultural, environmental and economic and weighting of indicators based on AHP has been done.In the other section, with the statistical sample of 322 people, the benefit of high-rise structures available with SPSS software was analyzed.he research area of Gorgan city with an area of 3567 hectares is the center of Golestan province.Findings of the research showed that the high-rise structures in Gorgan do not have a good location and social justice in them is not at an acceptable level.

Iran is affected by subtropical high pressure in the arid belt of the world and its annual rainfall is less than one third of the world average rainfall. The aim of this study was to assess the vulnerability of Guilan province to drought with fuzzy GAMA, SUM and CVI models and to identify appropriate measures to reduce potential damage. The research method was spatial and applied in terms of purpose. First, , the components of resources (R), meteorological (W), access (A), capacity (C), use and economic productivity (U), maintaining environmental integrity (E), Geographical features (G) were determined. The variables were matched with fuzzy membership functions. In the SUM model, the highest vulnerability was in the west, center and large areas of the east of the province, Rudsar city with an area of 78.23%. In the GAMA overlap model, large parts of the west of Talesh city and Rasht city with an area of 31.92% were observed in a very high vulnerability class. In the study of CVI components, the CVI index of the whole province was 44.5%. The CVI index had the highest rank in the resource component (R) at 56.12% and the lowest rank in the 36.94% component. In the CVI model, the highest vulnerability is in the whole city of Talesh with an area of 15.57%. High vulnerability rate of 26.84% was observed in Rasht, Soomehsara, Rudsar and Shaft counties and Astara and Rezvanshahr counties with an area of 20.88% were observed in very low vulnerability class.

Ecological sustainability assessment is a pivotal for determining the type of human interaction and dealings with nature and the ecological services received from it, which should be constantly monitored. While limited studies have been carried out in the country and so far this important issue has not been considered in practical regional and national policies and planning. In order to fill this research and management gap, the present study aims to assess the ecological sustainability of Tutli Watershed located in the north of North Khorasan Province using the conceptual framework of Hydrology, Environment, Life, and Policy (HELP) and calculate the Watershed Sustainability Index (WSI). In this assessment process, 14 variables were used, which were classified into three categories of Pressure (P), State (S), and Response (R) indices and four HELP criteria based on the their nature. Accordingly, the mean scores of P, S and R indices for Tutli Watershed were obtained 0.65, 0.85 and 0.35, respectively. Furthermore, the average scores of hydrological (H) and environmental (E) criteria were equal to 0.58 and the scores of life (L) and policy criteria (P) were equal to 0.66. The results of combining all the studied criteria and indicators showed that the total WSI score is 0.62 and indicates the level of average ecological sustainability. The results could be applied to plan, protect and identify critical areas and to direct management strategies. It is also recommended to improve the watershed sustainability level from medium to good by adopting appropriate policies and effective conservation programs.

Considering the importance of the tourism industry in the growth of the economy and sustainable development of countries and the increasing competition in this industry, this article has been done with the aim of analyzing the competitiveness of tourism in Iran compared to competitors in the 1404 vision document based on 2017 data. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method. The studied indicators include environmental empowerment, tourism policies, infrastructure and natural and cultural resources that have been analyzed using the Prometheus model. Findings of the article showed that the United Arab Emirates with a net flow of 0.480 is Iran's main tourism competitor. After the UAE, Qatar's neighbor is next with a net flow of 0.374. Iran is also ranked 17th with a net flow of -0.221. Iran's rival countries in the Vision 1404 document are the United Arab Emirates in the Middle East, the Republic of Azerbaijan in the Caucasus, and Kazakhstan in Central Asia, respectively. Iran's main competitors in terms of environmental empowerment, tourism and infrastructure policies are the United Arab Emirates and Turkey in terms of natural and cultural resources.