نشریه مدیریت فردا
پیاپی 67 (تابستان 1400)

Man and how to play his role in various fields is the main issue of governance. Therefore, the study of various governance issues should be done according to this factor. The social sciences and humanities owe engineering sciences the application of systems methodologies, especially soft methodology over the past few decades. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capabilities of various research methods in soft operations in governance studies and according to the research questions based on the method adopted (qualitative approach using meta-analysis) in the period from 2000 to 2021, it was found that the use of soft methods is on the rise. "soft systems methodology, scenario-based planning, and viable systems model" being used for governance studies, corporate governance, public governance, and information technology governance. The studies led to the extraction of a model for selecting the type of soft research method for governance studies. Therefore, considering that, this study with these dimensions has not been done in the country so far and has not led to pattern design, it is new. It was also found that methods such as heaven-to-earth approach methodology, futures studies, analysis and development of strategic options, and the method of revealing and testing strategic assumptions have been less used in governance studies.

The mosque is the most important religious institution in Islam. At the first centuries of Islam in the Islamic community, the mosque as the most prominent institution of Islam has been manifested. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the development of the hardware and software of the mosque as an important and driving tool of growth and excellence, commensurate with the requirements of the time in order to maintain its strategic position in society. The mosque seems to require a structural change in the way it performs its functions effectively in order to adapt to new needs and respond to new needs stemming from new ways of thinking. Understanding this importance, the present study, using data from library sources and the qualitative content analysis method, first extracts new functions that fit the needs of the time in the modern mosque's functions and then with the help of research literature and findings has provided a structure appropriate to these functions. Due to the popular and voluntary nature of the mosque, the proposed structure for the mosque is a kind of adhocracy that has seven working groups in the form of worship-worship, social, cultural-propaganda, economic, scientific-educational, and military-political and support functions.

One of the most important challenges of human resource management is implementation of administrative integrity. administrative integrity is a situation in which, administrative integrity has decreased highly and one of the signs of administrative integrity is proper use of resources, specially human resources. If management and organization recognizes most roots of administrative violations, could develop administrative integrity. Hence because of role and importance of performance management system in development of administrative integrity, in this research we are going to identify components of performance management system to develop administrative integrity in public organizations. The approach of research is qualitative and the method is theme analysis and to extract criteria and components of training system to develop administrative integrity, interviews have been done with experts of the administrative and recruitment organization using purposive sampling method. The ideal components of performance management system to develop administrative integrity is extracted in format of 7 main theme, 19 subsidiary theme and 54 concepts and results showed that characteristics of performance management system to develop administrative integrity includes transparency, justice, ethics, legality, prevention and professionalism.

The food distribution industry is one of the high-turnover industries facing many problems in Iran. This research is done with the aim of designing and explaining the model of marketing and sales strategies in the food distribution industry .This study is descriptive, exploratory and using mixed research method. The qualitative research is done using content analysis and consensus of 11 executive and academic experts. In the quantitative part, 81 questionnaires was distributed between marketing and sales managers of 54 distribution companies. The data are analyzed by structural equation modelling method. The research findings show that marketing objectives, pricing strategies and food distribution strategy are respectively the highest factors of marketing strategy in the food distribution industry and the relationship-based competency of the sales team, the sales team performance and the transformational leadership are the most important factors in the sales strategy. Evidence suggests that the presence of each of the three moderators (the threats and opportunities of new competitors, the strengths and weaknesses of the company, and the influential factors of the post-stagnation era) affects the relationship between marketing and sales strategies. The adoption of a comprehensive approach to the components of the marketing and sales strategies and the coordination between them, taking into account the economic downturn, sanctions and the probable situation of the post-stagnation era, are the most important issues that have so far been neglected in designing the marketing and sales strategies of Iranian food distribution companies.

bureaucratic culture on the reduction of protein talent of R&D staff in state-owned pharmaceutical companies. Conclusion The results of the analysis of the research data show that authoritarian leaders consider employees as inherently lazy and responsible as the X-McGregor theory and try to bring about bureaucratic culture in their organization under their strict control. . In such an environment, no diversification of work and promotion of excessive skill and knowledge are required, and any effort beyond the established standards will result in severe penalties. Therefore, the process of nurturing protein talent in such an organization is definitely going downhill, and even if one sets his or her career path apart from organizational goals, he or she will face severe penalties or be forced out of the organization. Unwittingly provided.

From a resource-based view, service delivery relies heavily on the resources and capabilities of the organization to create sustainable competitive advantage over the long term. In reviewing the literature, no research has been conducted on the relationship between dimensions and criteria of the service capability apart from firm performance and the relationship network and their effectiveness have not been analyzed and the focus of the research has been on the relationship between dimensions and firm performance. The purpose of this study is identify the service capability criteria and use interpretive structural modeling to structure the relationships between these criteria as well as the use of the fuzzy MICMAC analysis to cluster the criteria. Therefore, based on a resource-based view, the service dimensions and capabilities including management, organizational, marketing and service quality were comprehensively identified and extracted through subject literature and interviews with 11 experts. The results showed that according to ISM model "Corporate quality", "interactive quality", "planning, control and integration of activities" and "differentiation of activities and level of centralization" are important criteria that are the basis of the structure of capability services are considered and also with respect to the fuzzy MICMAC analysis the criteria of "analysis and formulation of the strategy", "planning, control and integration of activities" and "physical quality" were classified as the "most important" criteria of service capabilities that have high power to influence they have other criteria, so Iran's small enterprises need to take major steps to strengthen this criteria

The purpose of this study was to Organizational Strategic Fitness of Sepah Bank: A Study in Branches of Shiraz city. In this descriptive-survey study, the statistical population of Shiraz Sepah Bank employees (including 692) was employed in 50 branches in Shiraz city. The first part was demographic information and the second part was a strategic fit questionnaire. The Strategic Approach Inventory includes 42 items in 3 dimensions of Strategic Response, Strategic Change and Strategic Success, whose validity and reliability were reviewed and approved. Data were analyzed using SPSS18 software, t-test, single-variable t-test, intra-group analysis of variance, benfronnial follow-up and combined variance analysis. The results showed that all dimensions of strategic fit of organization in Sepah bank branches of Shiraz were above average and lower than desirable levels (p=0.001). In terms of staff, the highest average was related to the strategic response (3.65) and the lowest mean for strategic success (3.50). The result of post hoc test showed that there is a significant difference between the mean strategic response and strategic success, but there is no difference between the other averages. There are significant differences in gender, educational qualification and work experience in evaluating the organizational dimensions of the organization based on demographic characteristics, but there is no difference between the viewpoint of managers and employees of Sepah Bank from the strategic alignment of the organization.

Today , corruption in the public and private sector is a significant issue and a considerable challenge , which makes managers and heads of state to seek a solution to reduce corruption. The researchers also aimed at finding scientific solutions to eliminate and reduce corruption. on the other hand , the capabilities of information and communication technology and innovative and innovative opportunities that this concept has caused it to have led to the application of this technology in most areas and solving different problems. Effective use of information technology and communication requires access to the desired readiness of countries in the fields of infrastructure ; the use and access of technology to the vast majority of the country 's population and a proper framework of laws and regulations for this technology. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of e-readiness factors on corruption reduction in developing countries. Findings from the research over the last five years show that there is a relatively strong link between e-readiness and corruption in developing countries , which indicates that countries with better electronic readiness and so-called readier acceptance ; they are less corrupt. also , the study of this link at the level below the four indicators of electronic readiness shows that the relevance of all sub-index is directly proportional to the level of corruption and the effect of environmental sub-index on corruption is higher than the rest of the indicators .

the concept of free innovation in comparison with other innovation has been neglected. Therefore, the analysis of available definitions and a clear, unified definition of free innovation is an inevitable necessity that can help to get a shared understanding and understanding of it for this purpose, the present study seeks to explain the analytical - logical explanation (definition, background, differentiation, similarity, propagation and expansion)of free innovation in this study, at least 41 articles were analyzed in order to obtain theoretical richness to formulate the final model of 2 books, 32 sites approved by the elites. to achieve the selected definition, differentiation and similarity elements, emission constraining factors and solutions to solve the selected diffusion are used by fuzzy delphi method Overall, 16 interviews were conducted over three Delphi rounds with 6 experts to reach the saturation point among the six components proposed for the definition of free innovation, three components were rejected and three components approved by experts, in the end, the chosen definition of free innovation from the opinion of experts is innovation that has been developed by consumers with personal cost, no time and place constraints. among the 17 components of free innovation from other innovation, lack of compensation and financial transactions, lack of protection of schemes, lack of protection from the design, lack of risk due to the distribution of important knowledge were considered by experts. in the fuzzy delphi section finding free zones and diffusion of free innovation finally, legal and legal constraints, the great value of innovation in terms of the general, lack of desire for optimal investment, Lack of self - esteem for free innovators, Cultural and social barriers, thus, free innovation was introduced as the most important limitation of free innovation.

This paper is based on a perspective view of the potential of the impact of emerging technologies such as the IoT on developing countries, and, by understanding the challenges of the IoT in Iran, presents a pattern of internet of Things policies in the country. The essence of the present research is exploratory descriptive. In the process of data analysis, the present study utilizes methods of library studies and semi-structured interviews. The method of thematic analysis is the main method of this research. Interviews were analyzed in 548 basic themes, 56 organizing themes, and 13 comprehensive themes. Finally, the themes were formulated as IoT policies in Iran. Among the most important of these policies are the establishment and strengthening of IoT policy bodies with legal competencies for the sustainable development of IoT;to provide a platform for the production of integrated and extensive applications by creative groups based on government oversight and support;localization of IoT in accordance with Iranian Islamic culture for its acceptance and development of internal laws and standards of IoT in line with international standards and active supervision. The major innovation is that it goes beyond the requirements and presents operational policies for the development of IoT.

Water resources have always been the focal point of the civilizations and urbanities formation. Human societies, at the early age until now, have been initiated around these resources. Therefore the preservation of the water resources for the next generation and correct exploitation, play a crucial role in sustainability and extension of civilizations. Then, most of the experts believe that wars at the 21th century are about clean and pure water resources. In these days, because of excessive increase in environment uncertainty, the traditional planning approaches/methods have lost their usefulness. To confront these uncertainties and at the age of Cold War, scenario planning established as one of the future proofing approaches/methods. In scenario planning, against the traditional planning methods, the future has not seen as the extension of the past, on the contrary, general environmental drivers and forces form the future state of a system. Considering the uncertainities in water resource management,this article has tried to use scenario planning approach for future proofing, finding driving forces that shape the future state of water resources in the Golestan province and then determined the crucial drivers by interview with the experts of strategic management and water resource planning fields. All possible scenarios have been written and at the end, for managing water resources in stable ways, strategies and course of actions have presented.

The present study was the effect of professional ethics model of higher education managers on their performance. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive (survey) in terms of data collection.

The statistical population studied in this study included specialists, academic and organizational experts including officials of the central organization, heads and deputies of departments, heads of faculties and group managers and experts and directors of higher education of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran. Based on morgan table and simple random sampling method, 300 of them were selected as the sample size. To collect data, the professional ethics questionnaire of higher education managers and the performance questionnaire were used.

The path coefficients, which are interpreted as “standardized regression beta coefficients”, were used to test the research and to determine the effect of the two variables, and the t-value was used to evaluate the significance of the effect. The value of coefficient of significance (t-statistic) for the two research variables is more than 1.96 and the calculated t-test is larger than the critical t-test at the level of error of 1%. Therefore, the professional ethics of managers is effective on their organizational efficiency and its effect is 0.913 and its direction is positive.

The results showed that the professional ethics model of higher education managers has a positive and significant effect on improving their efficiency. Therefore, improving the efficiency of employees depends on having a knowledgeable, competent and artistic manager with professional ethics. An efficient and effective manager will be able to improve the level of efficiency of employees by removing obstacles and creating the necessary conditions.

In Iran, Higher education policymakers, want universities to be accountable for their funding ‎and ‎spend it on activities and actions that bring the most social achievement. Therefore, in recent ‎years, ‎public higher education in Iran has shifted from budgeting based on input indicators ‎to ‎performance-based funding‏.‏‎ This model, which has become widespread in the world in the ‎last ‎decade, has requirements and presuppositions and may face obstacles in its implementation‏;‏‎ ‎So ‎the main issue of this study is to identify and explain performance-based requirements ‎and ‎obstacles at the Iranian state University to principal-agent theory‏.‏‎ A qualitative approach ‎based ‎on grounded theory was used‏.‏‎ Participants were selected based on the network method ‎‎(snowball) ‎from two networks of senior policymakers and operators‏.‏‎ Among the internal policymakers, semi-‎structured individuals have been conducted with10 managers of universities, the ‎Ministry of ‎Science, Research and Technology (ATF). Also among the effective external policymakers, Depth ‎interviews were conducted with 9 cases from the Ministry of Economic Affairs ‎and Finance and ‎the Management and Planning Organization, financial managers and faculty ‎members specializing ‎in budgeting. the constant presence of the researcher in the field of activity ‎continued until the ‎theoretical saturation‏.‏‎ Data from interviews were analyzed with qualitative content ‎analysis and ‎coding method of Strauss and Corbin (2006) and validity of researchers findings ‎compared by the ‎expert‏.‏‎ The results showed that to implement the performance-based ‎approach, the government and ‎the university must provide requirements at three levels: macro levels ‎‎(government), micro level ‎‎(university), and inter-organizational level(government-university interaction) ‎and remove ‎obstacles‏.‏‎ The most important requirements at the government level were the ‎expansion of the ‎authority and freedom of universities and the involvement of senior managers ‎and elites of public ‎universities in the design and implementation phase of this model. The most ‎important obstacle for ‎the government was the intervention of political parties and interest ‎groups‏.‏‎ At the university level, ‎the most important requirements included the formulation of ‎strategic planning and prioritizing and ‎welcoming the university to reform its organizational, ‎educational, research, and service processes‏.‏‎ ‎The most important obstacle in the university was the ‎resistance of the directors and members of ‎the faculty and the unpreparedness of the university ‎to implement the plan‏.‏‎ At the inter-‎organizational level, the government and the university must, ‎through effective participation and ‎interaction, provide requirements such as the agreement between ‎the government and the university ‎on performance indicators and monitoring and evaluation of ‎the performance indicators‏.‏‎ Also at ‎this level, the most important obstacle was the unbalanced ‎and distrustful relationship between the ‎university and the government‏.‏

Anti-fragility allows the organisation to place itself in a position to benefit from the unknown. The purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate the indicators affecting the Anti-fragility of the insurance industry supply chain and to determine the causal relationships between these indicators. This study has been conducted through an exploratory mixed-method. The Delphi method and the Gray-DEMATEL technique have been utilized in this study. Insurance companies must implement indices, methods, and mechanisms to promote the anti-fragility of their supply chain, though simultaneous attention to all indices is impossible and uneconomic. Therefore, deciding which indices have priority in investment can be accomplished using the research findings and determining the significance of each index, as well as the causal relationships between them. According to the results of the Delphi method, 49 indices for anti-fragility of the supply chain insurance industry, hereunder the eight main processes, have been extracted. Study results also revealed that in order to lead the supply chain insurance industry towards anti-fragility, the "knowledge and information management" and "risk management" processes should at first be considered. According to expert opinions, the "management information system" and "knowledge management implementation" indices have been selected as the most causal indices of anti-fragility of the knowledge and information management process, while the indices of "risk strategy development" and "using the risk database" have been chosen as the most causal indices of risk management anti-fragility.

Organizations today look at outsourcing as a strategy. Achieve world-class capabilities and capabilities, flexibility in the long run, increase segments, improve operational performance such as higher quality, increase productivity, shorter lead times, better use of equipment, increase output and increase profits. Can be cited as reasons for outsourcing. In implementing this strategy, there are influential factors and criteria that increase and improve performance. The aim of this study was to identify and prioritize service outsourcing criteria in the General Administration of Roads and Urban Development of Mazandaran. The present study is fundamental-applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. The statistical population of the study was the managers and experts of the General Directorate of Roads and Urban Development and the experts of the companies providing services to this General Directorate in 2019. Questionnaires made by the researcher were used to collect data. The face and content validity of this tool was confirmed by experts and its reliability was analyzed based on incompatibility coefficient less than 0.1. The data of this study were collected after distributing paired questionnaires among individuals and then analyzed using Expert Choice software. The results showed that the outsourcing criteria of services include: evaluation and management, decision making and planning, and also the evaluation and management criteria had nine sub-criteria and the decision-making and management criteria each had eight sub-criteria that the weight and importance of outsourcing criteria. Services in this general government department include evaluation and management, decision making and planning, respectively.

In accordance with Simon's decision-making model, this study first tries to identify the key indicators of business intelligence systems as a set of technologies and processes enhancing the quality of decision-making system in organizations. Next, evaluates the existence of causal relationship between the decision stages and the key indicators. To identify the key indicators of business intelligence in each stage of Simon's decision making model, this paper uses Delphi method.Open-ended questions and in-depth interviews were conducted by snowball method with18 experts in the field of development and implementation of business intelligence systems in financial organizations and the final indicators were extracted. The main indicators were identified after analyzing the cause-and-effect relationships between the existing relationships and each stage of the Simon model. This paper uses dematel technique to determine effective and influential relationships and by prioritizing indicators in terms of impact and effectiveness, the results discussed. Finally, executive proposals provided to individuals responsible for development and implementation of business intelligence systems in financial organizations. The findings support that owning a business analysis department in the organization has the most interaction with extracted key indicators. Based on Simon's decision-making model, creating, implementing, and monitoring key performance indicators (KPIs) play a key role in enhancing decision quality in business intelligence systems, For financial institutions, the quality of decisions plays a crucial role in their success in a competitive market. Therefore, the results obtained through this research can be used by those responsible for the development and implementation of business intelligence systems.

In the age of knowledge economy, today's organizations need knowledge management more than ever. Given the increasing development of information and communication technology and assessments in this field, the maturity of knowledge management in many organizations is imperative and affects the future performance of the organization. Cultural Municipality of Tehran is one of the most capable organizations for knowledge management maturity. This research was a qualitative study in the cultural organization of Tehran Municipality. The statistical population consisted of experts who had reached theoretical saturation through 15 interviews with purposeful sampling. The researcher has achieved the knowledge management maturity model by using data base method and triple coding. The results showed that causal conditions (including organizational culture of knowledge sharing, having technology infrastructure, long-term investment, having a knowledge management roadmap), contextual conditions (including senior management support, organization life cycle, dispersion and multiplication of organization centers, and Expert manpower), interventionist conditions (including the role of sovereignty, intellectual property rights and competitors) affect strategies (including human resource empowerment, knowledge-based organization, implementation of knowledge management strategy, re-design of reward system and redesign). And strategies on outcomes (including improving decision making, developing and creating new knowledge, and more) Creativity, innovation, and identity influence the organization. Also, contextual conditions affect the central category of knowledge management maturity.

Any organization needs to be evaluated for awareness of the desirability and quality of its activities, especially in complex and dynamic environments. On the other hand, the lack of a system of evaluation and control in a system means that it isn't communicating with the inner and outer environment, which implies that is aged and ultimately the death of the organization. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of designing a performance evaluation model for social security agencies in Isfahan province. The purpose of this research is application and developmental type.

The population of the present study consisted of all experts and experts in the field of social security, managers, staff and clients of social security agencies of Isfahan province, which reported about 10,300 people in 1398. The research sample was determined using the Morgan table of 373 individuals. Data were gathered by field method and a researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. SmartPLS software was used for data analysis and analysis.

The findings showed that customers'viewpoint had a significant effect on the evaluation of the overall performance of the brokerage (t=2.291,p<0.01). Also, the effect of headline managers'view on evaluating the overall performance of the brokerage firm (t=1.988,p<0.05) is significant. However, the effect of employee's view on performance evaluation (t=0.242) wasn't significant.

According to the results of the research, it can be said that in evaluating the performance of the organization, in addition to employees and management, customers have a significant role.