نشریه مطالعات رسانه های نوین
سال هشتم شماره 29 (بهار 1401)

on March 16, 1988 chemical attack on the Kurdish town of Halabja by Iraqi forces under Saddam Hussein, the largest ever chemical weapons attack,killed between 3000 to 5000 civilians, and injured 7000 to 10000 ones.Despite the depth and severity of this tragedy, due to the victims' lack ofaccess to the media, it did not make a clear image in the world public opinion and even among the Kurds themselves; but the proliferation of social media allowed victims to draw global public attention to the crime. This paper is to study the Kurdish activism in cyberspace by a focus on the 33rd chemical anniversary of Halabja through analyzing their hashtag activism on the social network Twitter. Research results show that 8 main axes in Kurdish hashtag activism are highlighted on Twitter, which include:Narration of the Halabja tragedy on Twitter, a manifestation of symbolism in virtual activism by republishing photos of Omar Khavar and his child, pursuing the suffering of this pain in the faces of the survivors, the media coverage of the Halabja tragedy worldwide, Halabja as a common pain, notforgetting the Halabja tragedy, the founders of the Halabja genocide, and switching between online and offline activism boundaries. Based on the research results, Twitter acts as an online public sphere for Kurds, enabling them to develop an alternative discourse on the Halabja tragedy by creating a media stream.

In spite of the necessity of Media Literacy for optimal use of new communication technologies, media consumption experience may increase media literacy as well. The purpose of the present research is to propose a model for predicting internet users' media health literacy according to their Social Media Consumption patterns. By Media Health Literacy, we mean people’s perceived abilities to access, analyze, create and convey health messages through media. The research method is survey which was conducted in May 2019. The research tool is the questionnaire whose reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha=0.837) and validity (face validity and construct validity) have been confirmed. The statistical population is adult citizens of Tehran who use internet. According to the Path Analysis model, "Gratifications obtained from social media use in the field of health" is the most powerful predictor of "Media Health Literacy" levels. "Frequency of Social Media Use", "years of education", "Adoption of health-related social media" and "Age" are the other independent variables which have shares in predicting Media Health Literacy's level among Social Media Users in Tehran. In conclusion, by increase in citizens' access to internet, Digital divide shifts from unequal access to new communication technologies to the quality of usage. In addition, Digital Divide remains between social groups in terms of "age" and "years of education", but "sex" does not define Social Media Users' "Media Health Literacy" levels.

The social network Instagram with too many audiences in Iran is followed by different strata of users. Different pages with diverse functions in this network show that users follow this social network with different purposes and intentions. This paper is an attempt to have a sociological study on this social network and to do so, it will review the field of literature critically. Then, it attempts to do a qualitative content analysis of different pages of Iranian users to categorize them according to their collective functions. The findings show that Iranian users’ pages on Instagram can be categorized into six categories based on their collective functions: News, education, marketing, services, bloggers, and yellow pages. It is concluded that Instagram’s field of activity can’t be limited merely to creating social communication but has some extraordinary potential in determining social and interpersonal relations and problems. This social network can meet the different needs of people in the field of business, information, entertainment, education, services, etc. Instagram also strengthens a participatory culture, because users are actively involved in creating and circulating new content.

This study aims to identify parents’ motivations to do sharenting on Instagram. Also, it studies the way that parents feel responsible about the different examples of children’s privacy violations on this social media site. Different types of sharenting, children’s privacy, privacy in the networked society, children’s online security, social benefits of sharenting, economic motivations, privacy stewardship, privacy calculus theory, and the emergence of moral phobia have been explored. 267 parents (mother/father) have been interviewed by an online questionnaire through convenient and snowball sampling. “Connection to family and friends”, “making online albums” and “sharing the pleasant feelings due to children’s attractive activities with the others” are the most important motivations of parents to sharent. Also based on the model of the study and factor analysis, the examples of privacy violations have been divided into “very sensitive” and “common” types. The findings show that there is a direct correlation between the parent's education and the way they react to privacy violation examples. In other words, the more they are educated, the more they care about their children’s privacy. Furthermore, the parents who have given a thought to probable risks of sharenting are much more sensitive to the examples of privacy violations.

Air accidents are always important to the media and public opinion, but during international political conflicts, the importance of these events increases. The crash of the Ukrainian PS 752 aircraft on 8 January 2020, because of its connection to the Iran-US tensions, became the top news headline of the world. Even now that more than two years have passed since the event, the media tries to steer public opinion in their own desired direction, by producing content about the air crash and its victims, reflecting the reactions of the countries involved and the world powers, and linking it to other issues related to Iran, such as the nuclear issue, human rights, and civil protests. Therefore, to understand national and international public opinion, and to predict the course of events, it’s appropriate to study the news coverage of the incident in the world's leading media, including 24-hour television news channels, which are the primary sources of news for the general public. Using the framework analysis methodology, this study examines the images that these media present to their audience about the PS752 incident, in different stages. Therefore, the researchers collected all the news of the incident, published on the websites of BBC Persian, BBC World, IRINN, Iran International, Russia Today, CNN, Fox News, and Euro News, from January 8 to 18, 2020. Finally, 663 news items were collected and the headlines and leads of this 663 data were analyzed. Using pre-existing and new frameworks, this study shows which aspects of the incident were highlighted by any of the mentioned media and based on this data, it compares these media and their policies. The results of this analysis can be summarized as follows: 1. Following the announcement of the missile strike, the level of attention to the incident increased in most of these networks, despite the differences in the patterns of attention; 2. Three approaches based on highlighting, conservatism, and marginalization were identified in framing the news of the incident in the studied media.

New communication technologies with the potential to create change in social communication, has become the most important element of social change in the modern age. Social media has been able to create virtual social networks consisting of different users, users with their activities networks, can legally reproduce social action. The purpose of this study is to investigate those actions that contain socially violent themes, and therefore the purpose of about 3,000 socially violent tweets published over a period of one year, the second half of 1998 and the first half of 1999 on the network Twitter social was achieved through contact, content analysis, and the goals and motivations for republishing users' virtual social violence. The purpose of republishing their social protests is to examine 9 general themes. Users publish their social protests on topics that include violence against the constitution, the guardianship of the constitution, officials and managers of the Islamic Republic, the manner of administering justice, public media activities, religiosity, virtual actions in Virtual social networks and finally reading the position of women in society and the demands of women.

The media, as a form of technology, has revived the age-old hope of bridging the nation-state gap by transforming societies into a society of virtual networks, and many believe that social networks such as Twitter have created a public sphere in the critique of political power. The present study, in the paradigm of cognitive interdisciplinary sciences and using the method of computing social sciences, examines the social relations network available on Twitter of Iranian users and examines the realization of the public sphere. The conclusion of the present study is that although the Twitter platform has potentially enabled such a possibility, the observation of the activism of active actors indicates the immaturity of the public sphere in Iranian society and we can only speak of political homophobia within scattered communities. What can make a difference in this human space through the technology of the hole are the bridge users on Twitter and the liaisons between the ECO rooms, whose role in the events related to the martyrdom of Sardar Soleimani is clearly explained, and the pattern of its qualitative variables is included.

A computer game is a mix of technology and the art of advertising, and players (audiences) receive various kinds of messages without notice. The way western countries use it to their desires. The purpose of this study is the similarity between a popular new visual media, whit the components of the Stories in the Qur'an. This research was analyzed descriptive method, using library and observational methods (sites and seeing and running some games). The result of the research shows that many commonities can be obtained from the story and narration of a game and narration in the Qur'ān's stories, this valuation always been the goal achieve God and avoid evil. The result of the research shows that although a lot of commons can be obtained from the story and narration of a game and narration in the Qur'ān's stories, this value has never been the goal but to achieve God and avoid evil. Hence, at the end of each story, people get clear results from the messages. Because the intellectual and social structure of the story, apart from the entertainment, the education and expansion of epistemic and human idea. But this point is ignored in most computer games in the current world, and each person (player) receives concepts from any game that is intended to be made by the makers of the game.

The production, distribution, and consumption of deceptive and non-deceptive fake products, of reputable brands is one of the global trends which is expanding alarmingly. Unfortunately, the fake products by reputable brands are known as an alternative for original products and encourage consumers to purchase such products. Since different variables affect the purchase intention of fake brands, this study investigated the effect of social media on the purchase intention of fake brands. This study was applied in terms of objective and descriptive-survey in terms of nature. The statistical population included all consumers (users) of fake products living in Khorramabad. Of this population, a sample of 384 subjects was selected using the Cochran formula to answer the questionnaire. In addition, the hypotheses were tested using the structural equation technique and PLS software Finally, it was approved that social media had no direct affect the purchase intention of fake brands but had a significant positive effect on purchase intention indirectly (through attitude and lifestyle).

The present study aimed to investigate the relationships between social anxiety, perceived social support, feeling of loneliness, and self-regulation with dependence on virtual social networks in order to develop a structural model for students.514 high school students were selected as the samples from four districts of northern and southern Tehran by cluster sampling method. Students responded to the social anxiety (Puklek, 2004), perceived social support (Zimet et al, 1988), and loneliness (Russell, 1996) questionnaires as well as the researcher-made questionnaire of dependence on social networks, and self-regulation questionnaire (Brown, Miller, and Lewandowski, 1999).Research data was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results indicated that the model had a good fit. In direct effects, there was a significant relationship between social anxiety, perceived social support and self- regulation, but in indirect effects, only the loneliness variable had a significant relationship with mediation of self-regulation. Therefore, it can be concluded that the four predictor variables had influence on social network dependency. This issue indicates their special importance.

This paper aims to survey the method of Selecting subject to coping with Information Resources based on the Ellis model in Seminary base on new media, study 323 Students in Fars and Bushehr Province. The method of this study is a survey with analytical approach. Data collection tools in this study was questionnaire and in order to assess validity (content), and the questionnaire reliability was obtained by Cronbach alpha. Sampling is purposeful; Descriptive and analytical statistical methods such as Spearman's correlation coefficient, Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests were utilized. prying mind (2/6), reviewing of information resources (3/13), Sites in the Internet related to subjects or social networks (3/92), Using online databases or weblogs (3/48), Authority (3/7), Studying abstract (2/48), is so important for seminary students. The results showed that Students of Seminary selected different methods base on new media that selected by research population for Selecting subject to coping with Information Resources and its not based on the Ellis Model.

This article to the analysis performance of celebrities in the face of violence against women in the published content of their pages. Instagram is a central image social network that today is a favorable platform for communication between celebrities and their audiences, regardless of official restrictions. With the general public perception of this group and the impact of their actions on directing collective thought and behavior, their performance in the face of all forms of violence against women is worth considering. using qualitative research method and content analysis approach, the posts published in the accounts of these people with the focus on violence against women were examined. 145 pages of active celebrities on Instagram were monitored and recurring topics of acid spraying, self-immolation and acts of violence against women were selected. 74 image posts form of photos, videos and graphic designs were analyzed according to the gender element in the content and the owners of the content analysis page. The results show that the republishing of violence by celebrities is a kind of accompaniment and empathy with public opinion and awareness of different groups and in a way, it can be considered part of the social responsibility of this group. Celebrities do not seek to reproduce the line of violence by publishing content containing violence against women. Gender-based violence has made female celebrities more sensitive, and the group has published more posts on the subject. The emphasis on gender elements is palpable in the content of published images.