نشریه مطالعات اخلاق کاربردی
سال یازدهم شماره 43 (پاییز 1400)

Resilience is a concept that has been proposed in psychology as a mental or emotional force that enables a person to deal with crises and allows him to return quickly to a pre-crisis state. Despite the differences between resilience and the Qur'anic concept of patience in the Islamic tradition, these two concepts seem to have much in common in their internal components and factors. In this research, which was carried out by the library method in collecting information and descriptive-analytical in evaluating them, after extracting the components and factors causing resilience based on psychological research, an attempt was made to explain Islam's view on these factors by referring to Quranic verses and Islamic traditions. According to the results of this study, the factors that create resilience include positive induction, maintaining readiness, maintaining good relationships with family, seeing tolerable problems and crises, accepting unchangeable conditions, having realistic goals and moving towards them, and selfconfidence, all of them have corresponding meanings in the Islamic tradition and Quranic verses.

Organizing sexual desire is always the most important task of morality and moral orientation in sexual behavior is the key to human health and happiness. The aim of this study was to qualitatively study the role of family sexual management in the morality and sexual health of children using documentary analysis. Findings indicate three management strategies (1) adjusting and guiding the sexuality of children (including 6 programs: educating and giving awareness, strengthening faith, religiosity and moral values, teaching the spirit of respect and temperament, institutionalizing the spirit of selfsufficiency, smart and balanced style in dealing with sexual issues of children, regulation of sexual desire with bio-regulation), (2) Nurturing and internalization of chastity (including 5 stages) and (3) Prevention of deviance and sexual dysfunction (including 8 programs: valuation and motivation, creating awakening and awareness, empowerment And skills enhancement, bio-hereditary optimization, provision of protective factors, family supervision, emotional support, family and social care). In a family-oriented approach, parents can play a key role in sexual development and empowerment, and promotion of morality, and thus the sexual health of their children.

This study was conducted with the aim of comparative study of psychological selfishness and otherness and to explain the otherism of God. According to psychological selfishness, human beings do nothing but to serve their own interests, and even in cases of helping others and sacrificing beyond this other-oriented motive; Personal interests lie. The method of this research; Describe and analyze the sources of psychological selfishness and otherness. Islamic sources were also examined by interpretive method and understanding of hadiths. Based on the findings of this study; Six reasons for selfishness 1. Re-interpreting motivations.2. Personal property 3. Hedonistic reasoning 4. Self-deception 5. Motivation of moral education and 6. Self-psychoanalysis; It is not convincing to deny otherism. As well as the reasons of otherists, mainly Batson, for proving otherness empirically; It is not enough to prove it. According to Islamic thinkers; The key element in solving the problem is the acceptance of both the naturalist self and the moral and divine self for man. On the other hand, in Islamic sources, three types of motivations were found in believers in God: selfish, altruistic, and God-fearing. Then, according to the three-dimensional division of human motives and its various aspects, it was explained, and finally, the otherism of God was chosen as a more comprehensive explanation. as a result; Many reasons for selfishness are related to the divine or moral self of man, which is in fact otherness.

One of the fundamental issues in the field of moral psychology is what psychological assumptions moral views have and how much empirical evidence these assumptions carry. Accordingly, the conflict between egoism and heterogeneity has been proposed in the psychology of ethics, and empirical evidence has emerged in favor of either of these two moral theories. Otherness is one of the goal-oriented theories that, based on the psychological basis of its theory, recommends selfsacrifice and creating the greatest good for others, regardless of oneself. Psychological heterogeneity is the most important basis of moral heterogeneity and is an attempt to violate monotonousness and love of human nature and to prove other heterogeneous desires and motives. Most moral philosophers and psychologists reject the monotonous nature of human nature and believe in the possibility of altruism along with selfishness in human nature. In this research, relying on arguments and empirical evidence, an attempt has been made to prove psychological heterogeneity in order to be able to rely on this basis, moral heterogeneity in the field of normative ethics.

Moral personality is one of the important and influential structures in the formation of personality according to Islam. Although ethics has been discussed in psychology from the perspective of growth or moral judgment, less attention has been paid to moral personality. The present study, while comparing moral personality from the perspectives of Islam and psychology, has explored the structures of moral personality in Islamic texts. The method of qualitative research with the analysis of themes was used. By searching for human moral characteristics in related verses and hadiths, basic, organizing, and comprehensive themes were discovered from Islamic texts. Findings showed that the comprehensive theme of moral personality includes four organizing themes of certainty, patience, justice, and jihad, and each of these organizing themes includes four basic themes. The theme of certainty includes accepting reality, trust, surrender, and submission. The theme of patience includes forbearance, asceticism, caution, accuracy, and care. The theme of justice includes impartiality, moderation, honesty, and loyalty, and the theme of jihad includes confronting lusts, controlling anger, courage, and striving in the divine path. The results of the present study can be effective for constructing a moral personality questionnaire and measuring it and providing a program to promote moral qualities in human personality.

By introducing a moral disengagement, Bandura takes an important step in answering the question, “Why do people engage in immoral behavior but have no problem with their own lives?” The aim of this study is to examine the mechanisms introduced by Bandura from the perspective of innate moral intuition and the basic foundations of criminal law. Then the cases in which, in his view, unjustified acts may be considered moral and correct behavior are introduced and distinguished from other cases. The present study has been done analytically-descriptively and has shown that although some of Bandura's cases are immoral and have been fabricated, others that are described in detail in the article are not fundamentally immoral and in some cases may be It can help maintain one's moral identity while performing moral behavior, and in some cases there are moderating variables not seen in Bandura's analysis. For example, moral reasoning, which transforms the nature of Hezbollah Lebanon's behavior from immoral to moral, is not essentially an example of moral reasoning, and Bandura's analysis in this regard at the psychological level is ruled out by innate moral intuition. And will be criticized and dismissed at the external level with the knowledge of criminal law standards.