مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد
سال شصت و چهارم شماره 6 (پیاپی 180، بهمن و اسفند 1400)

The aim of this study was to design a model of relational and overt aggression in children based on: parenting stress and maternal parental self-efficacy mediated by family communication patterns. Participants were 540 people (275 boys and 265 girls) from 9 to 11 year old primary school students in Tehran in the academic year 1400-1399 with their mothers who participated in the study by available sampling method. Participants answered questionnaires of relational and overt aggression in preschool children, parenting stress, Domka parental self-efficacy, Ritchie and Fitzpatrick family communication patterns. Spss software version 26, Amos software-24 and R software were used for statistical analysis of the data. The findings indicated a good fit of the collected data with the designed model. Parenting stress has a significant role in the relationship and overt aggression of children. Parenting stress has a significant direct effect on family communication patterns. Parental self-efficacy does not play a direct role in family communication patterns. The variable of parental self-efficacy with the effect of 0.04 has no significant role on the variable of aggression and overt in children. Family communication patterns play a direct role in relation to the explicit relationship variable of children. Parenting stress through family communication patterns has a significant role on the relational and overt aggression variable. Self-efficacy through communication patterns does not play a significant role in relationship and overt aggression. The findings of the present study are a step towards developing predictive theoretical models for relational and overt aggression in children.

The students’ academic achievement and effective factors on it is a process which has attracted the attention of the researchers in the field of education. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the structural pattern of academic wellbeing according to the family communication patterns and academic self-handicapping with the mediating role of self-efficacy in the students.

The research method was descriptive and among correlational and structural equations. The statistical population of the current study included all the secondary high school students in the city of Khorram Abad in academic year 2019-20. The research samples included 373 students who were selected through relative classification method according to the gender and the grade. The applied questionnaires were academic wellbeing questionnaire (Tuominen-Soini et.al, 2012), family communication patterns questionnaire Koerner and Fitzpatrick, 2002), self-handicapping scale (Jones and Rhodewalt, 1982) and general self-efficacy questionnaire (Shrer and Madox, 1982). The data analysis was conducted via structural equation method after collecting the questionnaires.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the variables (p<0.001). Moreover, the mediating role of self-efficacy was confirmed in the relationship of family communication patterns and academic self-handicapping with the academic wellbeing in the students.

Considering the significant role of self-efficacy in the relationship of family communication patterns and academic self-handicapping with the academic wellbeing in the students, their academic wellbeing can be improved through providing self-efficacy training package for them.

Food Craving is a strong factor in the development of obesity. some new evidences suggest that changes in cortical irritability cathode and anode could be effective in reducing food craving. The aim of this research ,Comparison of the Effectiveness of tDCS and dietary on reducing food craving .

30 women with level one and two obesity volunteer from Ra,clinic were assigned to one control (Sham t DCS) and two experimental (t DCS and dietary method) groups. All participants age, height, weight and physical and psychological disorders were recorded. Then they completed Food Craving Questionnaire(FCQ) before and after the treatment. They received 10 treatment session based on the plane of the group they were in.

The result of Covariance Analysis showed that tDCS method reduced the score of FCQ questionnaire in obese women. We didn't see any significant change in FCQ ' post test results in group who received food dietary.

According to the results of this research it seems that we can use tDCS to reduce craving

the main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the activity of behavioral brain systems and pain intensity by emphasizing the mediating role of emotional distress in patients with chronic pain.

In order to conduct this research, which was a descriptive-correlational research method based on path analysis and structural equations, 200 patients with chronic pain, who in the period from winter of 1399 to spring of 1400 to specialized clinics and offices of neurologists And the nerves of Zahedan, were referred, and were selected by non-random and available sampling method. Participants were assessed using research tools including the Jackson Questionnaire, the Toronto Emotional Dysfunction Scale (TAS-20), and the Van Korf et al. (1992) Pain Scale. Then, the data were analyzed using path analysis method, based on SPSS22 AMOS-21 software.

The results show that the dimensions of the behavioral brain system have a significant relationship with pain intensity. So that it had an inverse and significant relationship with the behavior activation system and had a positive and significant relationship with the deterrence and warfare system. Emotional malaise also mediates the relationship between the war-escape-freezing system and pain intensity.

According to the results of the present study, there is a positive and significant relationship between behavioral inhibition system and emotional malaise and pain intensity. However, no significant relationship was found between pain intensity and behavioral activation component

The present study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the efficiency of therapeutic model based on therapeutic schema and compassion-focused therapy on the self-compassion in conflicting women with early maladaptive schemas related to disconnection and rejection domain.

The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and control group design. The statistical population of the present study included conflicting women with early maladaptive schemata related to disconnection and rejection domain who attended consultation centers in the city of Isfahan in the summer of 2020. 30 women were selected through non-random purposive sampling method and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (15 women in the experimental group and 15 in the control group). The experimental group received therapeutic model intervention based on therapeutic schema and compassion-focused therapy (10 sessions) during two-and-half months. The applied questionnaires in the current study include marital conflict (Barati and Sanaei, 1996), early maladaptive schemas questionnaire (Yang, 1998), self-compassion questionnaire (neff, 2003). The data from the study were analyzed through ANCOVA method via SPSS23 statistical software.

The results showed that the therapeutic model based on therapeutic schema and compassion-focused therapy has effect on the self-compassion in conflicting women with early maladaptive schemas related to disconnection and rejection domain (p<0.0001) such that this therapy led to the increase of the women’s self-compassion.

When an accident occurs, rescue teams are the first to be sent to rescue and help the victims. The success of the deployment team depends on choosing the right person for the normal and emergency situation. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the psychological characteristics of the first respondents in accidents and disasters.

The present study was a sequential combined exploratory study of instrument design that was conducted in two parts: qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative section, individual interviews and literature reviews for the production of materials and then based on the results of this section, a pool of items were formed and psychometric assessments were performed for validity, formality of content and structure.

Exploratory factor 41 questions with 8 factors were used to design this questionnaire. These 8 factors are; Extraversion, conscientiousness, emotional intelligence, neuroticism, distress tolerance, agreeableness, openness to experience, and pessimism. Discussion and

The results showed that the questionnaire for assessing the psychological characteristics of helpers in disasters is an acceptable tool that covers all aspects of the psychological characteristics of first respondent in accidents and disasters. This questionnaire can be reliably used in related research.

Effective communication skills are one of the most important predictors of interpersonal mental health, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of communication skills training on flexibility, self-awareness, professional commitment and emotional regulation of Arak dental students in relation to patients.

The research method was quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test with the control group. The statistical population included all dental students of Arak State University of Medical Sciences in 2020 who were selected by available sampling method of 24 people and randomly divided into experimental (12 people) and control (12 people). Research tools include Dennis and Vanderwall (2010) 20-item Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire, 16-item Responsibility Questionnaire by Salkowski et al. (2000), The Kleikman & Henning (2000) 15-item Professional Commitment Questionnaire and the Gross and John (2003) Emotional Management Questionnaire. Multivariate analysis of covariance and analysis of covariance were used to analyze the data. Statistical analysis of data was performed using SPSS-23 software.

The results showed that there was a significant difference in level there were flexibility and mean self-responsibility and emotional adjustment scores of students in the experimental and control groups (⍺=0/05). While there was no significant difference in the professional commitment variable,

Therefore, it can be said, communication skills training had an effect on students' flexibility, self-awareness, and emotional regulation. However, there was no significant difference between the mean scores of post-test professional commitment of students in the experimental and control groups.

The present study was conducted to investigate designing a pre-marriage consultation according to the lived experiences of the women with unsuccessful choice and evaluating its efficacy on criteria for choosing a spouse of female students.

The research method of the current study was phenomenology in the qualitative part and quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and control group design in the quantitative part. The statistical population of the present study included all married women with unsuccessful choice in the city of Isfahan in 2019 in the qualitative part who didn’t have marital satisfaction and attended consultation and psychological service centers due to marital conflicts. The statistical population in the quantitative part included all single female students at the universities of Isfahan in academic year 2018-19. 12 women with unsuccessful choice were selected through purposive sampling method and took in-depth interview in order to compile the packages of pre-marriage consultation. 40 female students were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control group in the quantitative part (20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group). The experimental group received ten sessions of pre-marriage consultation during two-and-a-half months. 3 people in the experimental group and 2 people in the control group quitted taking part in the study.

The results showed that pre-marriage consultation according to the lived experiences of the women with unsuccessful choice has significant effect on female students’ criteria for choosing a spouse (p<0.0001)

externalized behavior disorder is among those disorders which disturb the process of social behavior and psychological as well as emotional health of the children. Therefore the present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of training positive parenting on the alexithymia and self-control of the children with externalized behavior disorder.

it was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest and control group design. The statistical population of the present study included primary school male children with externalized behavior disorder in the city of Mashhad in academic year 2019-20. 30 male children with externalized behavior disorder were selected through purposive sampling method and were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups. The parents in the experimental group received eight ninety-minute intervention sessions of training positive parenting during two months while the control group didn’t receive these interventions during the study. The applied questionnaires in this study included children and adolescents’ behavioral inventory, the children’s alexithymia questionnaire and children’s self-control questionnaire. The data from the study were analyzed through SPSS23 software via ANCOVA method.

the results showed that training positive parenting has significant effect on the alexithymia and self-control of the children with externalized behavior disorder (p>0.001) in a way that this intervention succeeded in decreasing alexithymia and improving self-control in these children.

the findings of the present study revealed that training positive parenting can be used as an efficient method to decrease alexithymia and improve self-control in the children with externalized behavior disorder through employing normal parenting methods and appropriate communication principles.

Insulin resistance (IR) is known as the most important cause of Liver Disorders, Which is associated with decreased expression of Peroxisome proliferator-Activated Receptor-alpha (PPAR-α) and increased expression of Sterol regulatory Element Binding Proteins (SREBP-1C) and Carbohydrate response element binding protein (CHREBP) in diabetic type 2 male rats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise on hepatic PPAR-α , SREBP-1C and CHREBP expression and IR in n diabetic type 2 rat.

In this experimental study, 27 male Wistar mice were randomly divided into three groups of healthy control, diabetic control and diabetic exercise. Medium and progressive aerobic exercise protocol on the treadmill was performed and The trainings lasted 8 weeks and 5 days/week. At the end of the trainings PPAR-α, SREBP-1C and CHREBP expressions were examined via ELISA technique in the liver tissue. One-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test were used to compare the groups and the significance level was considered at p < 0.05.

The post-hoc test results indicated a significant reduction in IR between the diabetic control group and aerobic training (P<0.05). Despite a notable increase in hepatic expression, it PPAR-α, SREBP-1C and CHREBP was statistically significant

aerobic exercise for eight weeks improved IR in type 2 diabetic rats. There was a significant difference in the expression of liver proteins between the groups.

Gender is linked to how we are perceived to think and act as women and men because of the way society is organized, not because of our biological differences. The aim of study was to investigate the role of students ‘gender difference in socio-general health and corona-induced anxiety in the COVID-19 pandemic.

The present study was causal-comparative. The statistical population includes all students of Farhangian University of Mashhad in 1399 of which samples randomly were selected 752 male and female students. Subjects were assessed for general health, social health, and corona-induced anxiety. Data normality was performed by Smirnov Kolmograph test and statistical analysis of data was performed by independent t-test and Pearson test by SPSS21 software with a significance level of 0.05.

there was a significant difference between general health(p=0/029) and corona-induced anxiety(p=0/023) between male and female students but no significant difference was observed between two groups in the social health (p≥0.05). The correlation results showed a significant relationship between groups in general and social health (p = 0.001). But there was no significant relationship between corona-induced anxiety and general and social health (p≥0.05).

According to the results, Students' general and social health can be affected by a variety of factors and in critical situations such as the risk of disease outbreaks are decisive. Because women were more anxious than men, women had lower social health than men. It is recommended that different people in the community receive more social support in critical situations.

The main aim of the present study has been the investigation of the effect of Life Skills Education Instruction on Improving consumption symptoms, Psychological Well-being and Psychological state in Consumers Morphine.

For conducting this study, 40 individuals visiting counseling 4 centers in suburb of Tehran that according to Psychiatrist confirmation had use Morphine Disorder (in 2 group: exprimental and control group) in pre-test and post-test stages through Psychological Well-being Inventory and Positive states. Based on therapeutic protocol, the experimental group was given thirty sessions of Life Skills Education and the control group did not receive any intervention. For data analysis, descriptive and Ancova method by SPSS software were used.

The finding of the statistical significance be 0/05 that indicates that Life Skills Education Instruction results in decrease of Use Morpine Disorder symptoms and increase Psychological Well-being and stete in the treatment group and significant changes in post-test of this study was seen compared with the pre-test, but such a change was not seen in the control group.

Using Life Skills Education is effective in treating and Increase of Psychological Well-being and stete in men with Use Morpine Disorder.

The aim of this study was the effectiveness of schema therapy on emotional regulation, worry and anxiety of female students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz.

The statistical population in the present study was all female students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz which were about 9000 students. Among the students who received the lowest scores in the Garnefski et al.'s (2001) Emotional Regulation Questionnaire, the Penn State Zinbarg & Barlow (1990) Worry Questionnaire, and the Anxiety Scale in the Lovibond & Lovibond Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale (1995), 60 people were selected and assigned to experimental group (30 people) and control group (30 people) by simple random sampling. In this study, the semi-experimental research method of pre-test, post-test design with control group was used. Therapeutic intervention (Schema therapy in 9 sessions- each session was an hour) was performed for the experimental group. At the end of the intervention, both groups completed the Penn state, Depression, anxiety and stress and Emotional regulation questionnaires. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and homogeneity of variance.

Findings showed that schema therapy has a positive effect on emotional regulation, worry and anxiety on female students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz with p≤0/05.

Based on the results, schema-therapy method should be used to regulate emotions and reduce anxiety and anxiety of female students.

Due to the variety of health fields and the limited resources available, it is inevitable to prioritize research in all these areas and meet all the research needs of society. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the conformity of the plans with the research priorities of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

In this cross-sectional study, data of approved proposals by vice-chancellor of research at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences during 2006 to 2016, and in the contract, ongoing or finished phases were extracted. The university research priorities code was extracted and the degree of compliance with the research topic was assessed.

The research projects were increased more than four times from 2006 to 2016. The self-reported research priority for 7433 projects was stated by the lead researcher according to which 44.8% of the projects (3332) were in accordance with the research priorities. On the other hand, compliance with research priorities for 3889 projects was not announced. After reviewing and matching with research priorities, it was found that out of 11322 projects, 47.5% were in line with research priorities. Both rates had a declining trend. Compliance status of the projects with university research priorities was significantly different in terms of main provider unit, thesis, and academic rank.

About half of the projects corresponded to the research priority and its’ trend was decreasing in the study period.

Domestic violence causes stress and post-traumatic stress disorder in the people victim of violence. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of unified trans-diagnostic treatment on the signs of post-traumatic stress and action resilience in the girls victim of domestic violence.

The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up design. The statistical population included the girls victim of domestic violence in the autumn of academic year 2019-20. 30 people were selected through purposive sampling method and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups. The research instruments included the questionnaire of experienced domestic violence (Aghakhani et.al, 1994), post-traumatic stress disorder questionnaire (Weathers et.al, 1993), psychological resilience questionnaire (Dennis, Vander Wal, 2010). The data were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA.

The results of the study showed that the unified trans-diagnostic treatment is effective on the signs of post-traumatic stress disorder (F=50.02, Eta=0.64, p≥001) and action resilience (F=46.04, Eta=0.62, P≥0001) in the girls victim of domestic violence.

The findings of the present study prove that the unified trans-diagnostic treatment can be used as an efficient treatment to decrease the signs of posttraumatic stress disorder and improve action resilience in the girls victim of domestic violence through employing techniques such as diagnosing emotions, training emotional awareness, cognitive reevaluation, diagnosing emotion avoidance models and investigating the behaviors which are the result of emotion.

Autism spectrum disorder affects a person's communication skills and response to the external environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of IDP's method on improving joint attention in children with autism. The research was a single case study with A-B design and follow-up. The statistical population of this study was children with autism spectrum disorder in Tehran Rehabilitation Center. Since the present study was looking for specific or unusual cases, purposive sampling method was used. Based on this, 3 children who, according to the pediatric psychiatrist and child psychologist, had signs and symptoms of autism, were selected as the study sample. The data collection tools in this study were Gilliam (2006) Autism Diagnosis Test and Identiplay Protocol based on the approach of Phillips and Biwan (2007). In the present study, for data analysis, chart analysis methods, stable change index, clinical significance, percentage improvement of POD, PND indices and calculation of trend and intermediate stability chamber were used. The results of the study showed that the Identiplay method was effective in improving joint attention in children with autism. The results showed that Identiplay significantly improved the joint attention of children with autism spectrum disorder. Thus, it is suggested that this method be used as a new and complementary approach in the field of education and rehabilitation of children with autism spectrum disorder along with other major therapies.

Covid-19 disease causes many physiological, psychological and emotional disorders. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of unified protocol on the resilience and the psychological empowerment in the patients recovered from Covid-19.

It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest and control group design. The statistical population of the study included the patients recovered from Covid-19 in the city of Tehran in the summer of 2020. 16 Covid-19-recovered patients were selected through snowball sampling method and were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 13 patients). The experimental group received ten seventy-five sessions of unified protocol (Barlow et al, 2011) during a month. The applied questionnaire included resilience (Conner, Davidson, 2003) and Psychological empowerment (Karimi Vakil et.al, 2018). The data from the study were analyzed through ANCOVA method.

The results showed that unified protocol has had significant effect on the resilience and the psychological empowerment in the patients recovered from Covid-19 (p<0.001) and led to the increase of resilience and the psychological empowerment in them.

According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that unified protocol can be used as an efficient therapy to increase resilience and psychological empowerment in the patients recovered from Covid-19 through employing techniques such as recognizing emotions and tracking emotional experiences, learning to observe emotional experiences and using mindfulness techniques.

The couples' sense of happiness is one of the most important factors that is the prelude to the education of the next generation, the psychological well-being of couples and the independence of individuals. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship and prediction of couple's happiness based on differentiation and initial thematic relationships.

In terms of purpose, it was practical and in terms of data collection method was type 2. The statistical population of the study consisted of couples who lived together for 10 years living under one roof in Tehran. 150 couples (300 people) were selected by convenience sampling method according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria., 1995) and feelings of happiness (Lentz, 2010) responded. Findings were analyzed using Pearson correlation and regression tests.

Pearson's results showed that there was a significant relationship between couple's happiness with their differentiation and their initial thematic relationships (p≤0.001). The results of regression also showed that self-differentiation and initial thematic relationships predicted couple happiness by 69% and 74%, respectively.

Based on their differentiation and initial thematic relationships, one can directly predict the happiness of couples, thus enhancing the differentiation and initial thematic relationships can improve the quality of marital life of couples.

Alcohol consumption is one of the emerging social phenomena that affects the foundation of human society. Alcoholism is one of the abnormalities that has negative and destructive effects on individual and family areas. The institution of the family is considered as the most important vulnerable point of this deviation, and women consumers are considered as the first victims of this deviation that the consequences of alcohol consumption affect their personal and family relationships. The purpose of this study is the phenomenology of lived experience of personal and family relationships in women consuming alcohol in Isfahan.

In this study, the qualitative method of phenomenological accuracy with Klaizi approach has been used. The statistical population of this study is women consuming alcoholic beverages in Isfahan. 30 people were selected by purposive sampling, snowball samples and theoretical saturation criteria. Data collection by semi-structured interviews for 60-. 150 minutes was done. The lived experiences of the tendency to consume alcohol and discover their personal and family relationships were analyzed.

The research findings were divided into two themes: lived experience of personal relationships (consumer characteristics, factors accelerating consumption, illicit communication) and lived experience of family relationships (inappropriate parenting, alcohol consumption in the family, intellectual gap in the family). Categories and concepts are discussed in this article.

Individual relationships and family relationships, as well as interactions between family members, play an important role in the tendency to consume alcohol.

The present study was to aim the mediating role of executive functions in the relationship between basic motor skills and reading skills of students with reading disorders.

The research method was appliedin nature in terms of the aim and descriptive-correlation in terms of data collection,based on structural equation modeling.The statistical population of the study comprised 180 Elementary students (boys and girls) with learning disability of reading in the special learning disabilities in Ilam and based on the table by Morgan (1970), with the sample size comprising 120 subjects selected by sample random method. The research instruments were the inventories Executive Function Gioia , Isguith and kenvorthy(2002), Reading and dyslexia test Korami Nouri and Moradi(2008). Using structural equation modeling, the data were analyzed. The values obtained corroborated the fitting of the model.

The results gleaned from structural equation modeling showed that basic motor skills directly impacts on reading disorder, executive functions impacts inverse and significant on reading disorder and basic motor skills effect reading disorder indirectly and meaningful through executive functions.

executive functions is judged to mediate the relationship between basic motor skills and reading disorders.

The development of motor skills and basic skills in childhood and adolescence and subsequently adolescence and adulthood affect the growth and development of all aspects of development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dynamic yard on motor development of children aged 8 to 12 years.

The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest and posttest design with control group. 30 healthy 8 to 11 year old male students who were studying in Kermanshah in the academic year of 1998-99 were selected voluntarily and randomly divided into two groups of control and experimental. First, pre-tests were performed for both groups. The third edition of Ulrich (2016) was used to assess motor skills. The experimental group participated in the standard training program for 8 weeks and 5 days per week, and the control group performed only daily activities. At the end of the intervention, post-test was performed for both groups. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance at the error level of 0.05 with SPSS-19 software.

The results of covariance analysis showed a significant difference between the two groups in the post-test of large motor skills and the experimental group performed better than the control group in all variables.

It seems that in healthy 8 to 12 year old boys, using the dynamic yard program can significantly improve their motor development.

Introduction: Cardiac biomarkers play an important role in predicting heart damage. The aim of this study was to investigate The effect of aerobic maximal workload exercises on Galactin-3, plasma Creatine Cinase-MB and lactate dehydrogenase concentration of Iranian Soccer premier league players. Methods: The statistical population consisted of players of the Iranian Football Premier League in the season 1399-1400. 20 football players were selected as available samples. Evaluation of aerobic activity was incremental to maximal with the implementation of the Bruce protocol. Blood samples were taken before, immediately and 24 hours after the end of the protocol. To test the hypotheses and compare the dependent variables in different groups, analysis of variance in repeated measures and Bonferroni test were used to compare between blood sampling steps. Data analysis was performed using SPSS25 software. Results: There was no significant difference in the amount of Galactin-3 between the pre-test and post-test stages and also between the post-test and 24 hours after the test. There was a significant difference in Creatine Kinase-MB and Lactate Dehydrogenase levels between pre-test and post-test stages as well as between pre-test and 24 hours after test. Conclusion: The merobic maximal workload exercises alters serum Galactin-3 levels in Premier League players, possibly due to inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects during exercise and post-exercise recovery. Also, based on the findings of the present study, increasing aerobic exercise to the maximum caused a significant difference in levels of creatine kinase MB and lactate dehydrogenase in the post-test and 24 hours after the test.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease with an unknown reason mostly associated with a high prevalence of psychological disorders. As a result, the aim of this study was to explain the modeling of structural relations between alexithymia and depression with the mediation of sleep quality in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

The research method is cross-sectional in correlation type using modeling of structural equations. The statistical population of this study includes people of Iran in 2020 with rheumatoid arthritis disorder who were active in cyberspace, and 412 people among them were selected by convenience sampling. The tools used in this study were Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Toronto Alexithymia Scale. For analysis of the research data, SPSS 23 and AMOS 22 software were used at the descriptive and inferential level.

The research results showed that alexithymia through sleep quality has an indirect and significant effect on the depression of rheumatoid arthritis patients, and is able to predict the depression significantly.

Based on the current research findings, it can be said that sleep quality mediates the relationship between alexithymia and depression, and has a significant role in depression of the rheumatoid arthritis patients. Thus, considering these variables by researchers and experts prevents from aggravation of the disease, and improves people’s treatment more efficiently.

The divorce has reached its critical point in Iran and many families are involved in it, so it has caused many researchers to investigate this issue. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the optimal scenario of divorce status in future generations of the Iranian family in a 20-year perspective.

The research method is qualitative in screenwriting type. One of the objectives of future studies is “describing alternative futures” and screenwriting is one of its mediums. The statistical population of this study included family specialists (sociologists, family lawyers, psychologists, faculty members) in 2019. Considering the data saturation, 19 specialists were selected through purposive sampling method and were interviewed through semi-structured interview. Content analysis was used to analyze the results of the interviews.

The results showed that the development of central scenarios of divorce status in future generations of the Iranian family can affect the status of divorce in the future. There are also favorable socio-cultural beliefs and contexts about the importance of the family in Iranian society that can play a decisive role in planning and policy-making aimed at managing and controlling the extent and severity of family injuries and the rate of divorce (especially future generations).

Therefore, the divorce rate (formal and affective) will decrease in the future generations through correct, preventive, managed and on-time practical solutions at macro policy making level.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of individual psychoanalysis on the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms and perfectionism in people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The present study was a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with experimental group. The statistical population of the study included patients with irritable bowel syndrome who referred to medical centers in Tehran in 1398, from which 68 people were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria available. Then, from the mentioned number, 20 people were assigned to two groups of individual psychoanalysis (n = 10) and control group (n = 10) using random method (lottery). Data were obtained using the multidimensional perfectionism scale and the severity index of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. For inferential analysis, repeated measures variance method and SPSS.22 software were used. The results showed that individual psychoanalysis significantly reduced perfectionism (P<0.001) and the severity of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms (P <0.001). It can be concluded that individual psychoanalysis group was effective on perfectionism and severity of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms and individual psychoanalysis can be used to reduce the problems of patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

Predicting the occurrence of critical conditions in holding sports events for the disabled and veterans is inevitable, and crisis management requires psychological characteristics and abilities. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to predict crisis management based on resilience and regulation of emotional cognition in the Veterans and Disabled Sports Federation.

The research method was correlational. The statistical population of this study was the organizers of sports events in the Federation of Sports for the Disabled and Veterans, from which 54 people were selected by available means. Measurement tools included Connor & Davidson (2003) Resilience Questionnaire, Garnfsky et al. (2007) Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and a researcher-made Crisis Management Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression at the error level of 0.05 with SPSS-19 software.

The results showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between resilience and regulation of emotional cognition with crisis management. Also, regulation of emotional cognition (β = 0.37, p = 0.001) and resilience (β = 0.48, p = 0.001) were able to directly predict crisis management.

According to the obtained results, by increasing psychological resilience and adjusting emotional cognition, the ability to manage crisis improves.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of defense styles in the relationship between dark personality traits and distress tolerance in married clients seeking divorce. The study method was correlation based on structural equations. The present study population was divorce applicants who had referred to Tehran family counseling clinics in 1400. Using the available sampling method, 260 people were selected and answered the standard questionnaires. Data collection tools were Simmons & Gahr (2005) Distress Tolerance Scale, Johnson & Webster (2010) Dark Personality Traits Scale, and Andrews et al. (1993) Defense Styles Scale. Data analysis using structural equation modeling method showed that the main path coefficient between dark personality traits with distress tolerance in the model is significant (P <0.01). The coefficient of the main path between the three defensive styles with distress tolerance in the model is significant (P <0.05). Also, the coefficient of the main path between dark personality traits with immature defense style is positive and with negative defense style is negative in the model (P <0.01). The results of this study showed that defense styles mediate the relationship between the two variables of dark personality traits and distress tolerance. Psychotherapy techniques can be used to intervene in personality problems and modify defense styles in pre-divorce counseling, and by increasing the tolerance of distress, to maintain the structure and health of the family.

Infertility is one of the most common human problems that causes many psychological disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy based on optimism on happiness and well-being of infertile women.

The research design was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of this study included infertile women referred to infertility clinics in Mashhad in 1399. 26 people were selected by voluntary sampling method and randomly divided into experimental (N = 13) and control (N = 13) groups. The research instruments include the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and the well-being Questionnaire. Questionnaires were completed before and after the intervention and after one month of follow-up. The data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance and LSD post hoc test.

The results showed that happiness (p <0.01) and well-being (p <0.01) of the experimental group increased significantly compared to the control group, and these results continued until one month after the intervention (p <0.01).

Based on the results of the present study, it can be said that positive optimism-based psychotherapy has a positive and significant effect on the happiness and well-being of infertile women and can be used to increase the happiness and well-being of infertile women in infertility diagnosis and treatment centers.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the association of SOFA score after heart surgery with prognosis of patients.

This study was performed on 100 patients admitted to the intensive care unit by convenience sampling method. All grades of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score range are 0 to 24. Patients with higher score have higher mortality rate. The checklist parameters for each patient were assessed on a daily basis and the status of six vital organs of the body (heart, blood, liver, kidney, respiration, central nervous system) was examined and recorded on check list. Patients’ hospital and ICU staying times were recorded too.

The results of the evaluation of the performance of the SOFA scoring system showed; the best cut point for the SOFA 11.5 (sensitivity 96.3% and 88%) was obtained. Rock 0.985 was 0.985 with a confidence interval of 0.963 and 1.00, indicating high and significant accuracy and accuracy of the SOFA scoring system in predicting mortality. The results showed that the score of the sofa scoring system have high and appropriate mortality predicting calibration value (x2=0.934, P=0.999).

SOFA scoring system has high accuracy, high sensitivity and specificity in predicting mortality after cardiac surgery in ICU.

Injury behavior is one of the most common problems among adolescents today.The aim of this study was to predict self-injurious behaviors based on parent-child relationship and emotional regulation with the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas and coping styles.

The method of the present study was correlation of structural equations. The statistical population of this study consisted of high school students in Tehran in the academic year 2020-2021,of which 300 samples were selected by cluster random sampling. Samplers completed the Intentional Self-harm Scale (DSHI), Lazarus Coping Strategies (WOCQ), Young Schema (YSQ), Cognitive Emotion Regulation (CERQ), and Parent-Child Relationship Assessment (PCRS).

Findings showed that the structural model of the study based on the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas and coping styles with stress between parent-child relationship and emotional regulation with self-injurious behaviors fits with the collected data. Emotional coping style in a positive way and problematizing coping style in a negative and significant way, initial maladaptive schemas in a positive and significant way, adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in a negative and non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in a positive and significant way The parent / child relationship negatively and significantly predicts self-injurious behaviors.

Based on the results, it can be concluded that in order to prevent and control adolescents' self-injurious behaviors, it is necessary to pay attention to the parent-child relationship and early maladaptive schemas, coping styles and stress regulation.

The aim of this study was to explain the correlation and causal relationships of spiritual intelligence with organizational resilience and emotional operations. The statistical population includes all the headquarters of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology in Tehran and their number is 370 people. To select the sample size according to the Chrissy-Morgan table, the sample size was selected, and 186 questionnaires were collected. A standard questionnaire was used to assess the structures and the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by obtaining additional advice and opinions of faculty members in this field and strengthening the reliability of the instrument using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. To analyze the raw data, descriptive statistics were used to classify, prepare graphs and tables of information on the characteristics of demographic characteristics. The research observations showed that the degree of relationship and correlation between the components of spiritual intelligence is positive and significant and also the findings of structural equations indicate that spiritual intelligence on organizational resilience directly with path coefficient (β = 0.79) and T coefficient (5.76). > T = 1.96) and spiritual intelligence on emotional commitment with (β = 0.42) and with a score of T (T = 1.96< 2.51) and emotional commitment on organizational resilience with path coefficient and are effective with a score of (T = 1.96< 2.31). Finally, the results of Johnson's relative importance model showed that the components of spiritual intelligence explain 54.1% of changes in emotional commitment and 74.5% of changes in organizational resilience.

Research has shown that there is a correlation between diabetes and psychological disorders such as anxiety and stress, so; The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of stress coping techniques and self-regulatory strategies on anxiety and stress in diabetic patients..

The method was quasi-experimental research and pre-test-post-test design with a control group and the statistical population included 45 diabetic patients referred to Bushehr Diabetes Center. The statistical population was selected by purposive sampling with random substitution and divided into experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. Diabetic patients in the experimental groups were trained in stress management techniques and self-regulatory strategies for 8 sessions of 90 minutes using the McNamara and Pinterridge protocol, and the follow-up phase was performed two months after the treatment intervention. Data were analyzed using covariance.

teaching stress management techniques and self-regulatory strategies has a significant effect on reducing anxiety and stress in diabetic patients and training stress management techniques has a greater effect on anxiety and stress in diabetic patients. Findings in the follow-up phase also showed that therapeutic interventions were effective in controlling anxiety and stress in diabetic patients.

The results indicate that training stress management techniques and self-regulatory strategies can significantly reduce anxiety and stress in diabetic patients.

Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease and a silent and asymptomatic disease until a decrease in bone density leads to fractures; Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of osteoporosis in married women in districts 4 and 17 of Tehran.

The research method is survey and the data collection tool is a questionnaire. The statistical population of the present study in the 17th and 4th districts of Tehran is 253,360, of which 382 samples were selected based on random sampling. Independent t-test, Human Whitney, Wilcoxon were used for data analysis.

 The results showed that vitamin D deficiency - eating habits - clinical diagnosis has a significant relationship with osteoporosis.

It can be stated that women through sun exposure to absorb more calcium and make vitamin D according to the results of regular physical activity and adequate intake of calcium and vitamins as well as a positive family history of osteoporosis and overweight has been observed. The most common method for determining bone density is to scan the bone density or measure the amount of X-ray absorption (DXA). In this rapid and minimally invasive scan, the bone density in the pelvis and spine is assessed. How much is affected or prone to osteoporosis.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common infectious disease and a public health problem that imposes a large economic burden. Antibiotic resistance is rising among uropathogens and is a challenge for physicians. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of antibiotic resistance in patients with community-acquired urinary tract infections leading to hospitalization in Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad during 2019-2020.

In this cross-sectional study, a sample of urine of patients admitted during 72 hours was collected and cultured by standard loop method in Blood Agar and McConkey Agar. After incubating; samples with colony count ≥ 105 CFU / ml of urine were considered as a positive culture. Then people were classified into different groups. Data were entered into SPSS software after allocating appropriate codes and analyzed.

Among 416 samples; 249 ones were positive cultured; %86.8 of the bacteria were gram-negative. %50.6 of the positive cultures were Escherichia coli, followed by Candida, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae respectively. The most common gram-positive organism was Enterococcus. Resistance to at least one antibiotic was found in 91% of cases. Escherichia coli strains were most resistant to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cotrimoxazole and ciprofloxacin. The highest sensitivity was observed to the amikacin.

There is no significant difference between the different groups in terms of the prevalence of urinary pathogens and common pathogens in the general population. The most effective antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial urinary tract infections are amikacin, nitrofurantoin, gentamicin, imipenem and meropenem.

obesity-related Inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases through activation of macrophages.Purpose of this study was to investigate effect of 12 weeks of aerobic training on serum level of Neuropilin 1(NRP1),lipids profile and insulin resistance index in obese women.

Twenty obese women (mean age 32.20 ± 2.68 years and body mass index 38.78 ± 9.81 kg / m2) were randomly divided into experimental and control groups(10 ones in each).Subjects in experimental group participated in twelve weeks of aerobic running training at intensity of 50-75 percentage of reserve heart rate, 30-55 minutes per session and five sessions per week. Blood sampling was performed immediately before the first session and 48 hours after the last training session to assess blood factors. Statistical analysis was done by Covariance, paired t-test and Pearson correlation at significant level of P<0.05.

there existed significant differences between two groups of experimental and control for changes in levels of NRP1 and lipids and metabolic profiles and anthropometric incises. 12 weeks of aerobic training resulted in significant increases in levels of NRP1 and improvement in lipids and metabolic profiles and anthropometric indices (P<0.05) in experimental group in post-test . However, there were significant correlation between changes in serum levels of NPL1 following 12 weeks of aerobic training with changes in waist circumference (P=0.03).

It seems that 12 weeks of aerobic training can improve body composition, lipid profile and insulin resistance in addition to increases in serum levels of NRP1 in obese women.

The recent events of outbreaks related to different viruses in the past few years, increased exponentially by the pandemic caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), raised a concern and increased the search for more information on viruses-based diseases. Currently, the detection of viruses using methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has the highest sensitivity. However, this method has its drawbacks. Research of biosensors is also becoming the most extensively studied discipline because of the easy, rapid, low-cost, highly sensitive, and highly selective biosensors contribute to advances in next-generation medicines. Thus, biosensors represent a new promising tool for virus detection. This review gives a brief survey of the issue of viral detection, comprising diagnostics of a target structure of viruses, such as nucleic acids or proteins. This article reviews the different principles of detection and manufacturing methods for each type of virus biosensors and finally introduces some of their applications in virus diagnosis, expanding compared to conventional methods.

Multiple sclerosis patients are faced with numerous physical and mental stressors that lead to a decrease in their quality of life and mental health. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy and treatment based on acceptance and commitment on chronic fatigue syndrome and health anxiety in patients with multiple sclerosis.

The research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with two experimental groups and one control group. From the community of patients with multiple sclerosis in Markazi province in 1400, 45 people were randomly selected and then randomly assigned to 3 groups of 15 people. The research instruments included the Chronic Fatigue Questionnaire (CFS) and the Health Anxiety Inventory (2002). Finally, analysis of covariance was used using SPSS software version 22 to analyze the data.

The results showed that there was a significant and stable difference between the effect of schema therapy and acceptance and commitment-based therapy on chronic fatigue syndrome and health anxiety (p <0.001). Post hoc test showed that the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on chronic fatigue syndrome was greater than schema therapy, but on health anxiety, the effect of schema therapy was greater.

Schema therapy and treatment based on acceptance and commitment to chronic fatigue and health anxiety among patients with multiple sclerosis has a significant significance and stability, so their use is recommended.

Multiple sclerosis is one of the most important debilitating neurological diseases in which the myelin part of the central nervous system is destroyed and causes mental health disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of group therapy of emotional schemas on the level of hope of patients with multiple sclerosis.

The present research method was quasi-experimental, and the research design was pre-test-post-test-follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included all patients with multiple sclerosis referred to clinics and neurology wards of Shiraz hospitals. Forty patients with multiple sclerosis were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Omid Schneider questionnaire was completed by both groups before the intervention of emotional schemas on the experimental group, after the intervention and 3 months after the intervention. Analysis of covariance and variance with repeated measures were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that group therapy of emotional schemas had a significant effect on hope in patients with multiple sclerosis and increased their hope and this effect lasted after 3 months (p <0.01).

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that group therapy of emotional schemas can be an effective psychological intervention to increase hope in patients with multiple sclerosis.

In the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the ground for the separation of obsessive-compulsive disorder from the category of anxiety disorders and the formation of a concept called obsessive spectrum was provided. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder and anxiety and stress depression to evaluate this new diagnostic category.

The present research design is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of this study included 245 students of Tehran universities who were selected by convenience sampling and the research tools included questionnaires (OCI-R), (OCSD), (DASS). Data were analyzed using nonparametric Spearman correlation test.

According to the findings of this study, there is a positive and significant relationship between the total score of obsessive-compulsive disorder and its subscales (p <0.001). Also, a significant positive correlation was found between the total score of obsessive-compulsive disorder and its subscales and obsessive-compulsive disorder disorders as well as with the variables of anxiety, depression and stress.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder, while related to peer disorders in the new diagnostic class of obsessive-compulsive disorder, in another dimension was closely related to emotional dimensions and variables such as anxiety symptoms, depression and stress.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of participatory learning education and academic self-regulatory education on orientation in high school students in Ahvaz. The research design was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population included high school students in Ahvaz in 2009-2010. The sample size was 45 high school students in Ahvaz in 1398 who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The data collection tool was the Progress Goal Orientation Scale (1998). After training the experimental groups, post-test was performed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 24 with analysis of covariance and post hoc test. The results showed that participatory learning training and academic self-regulation training were effective in increasing mastery goal orientation and functional-approach goal orientation and decreasing performance-avoidance goal orientation (p <0.05). Also, the comparison of the two interventions showed that the effectiveness of participatory learning training on increasing mastery goal orientation and performance-approach goal orientation was higher than academic self-regulatory training (p <0.05). However, the effectiveness of academic self-regulatory training in reducing the orientation of performance-avoidance goal was greater than participatory learning training (p <0.05).

Being a victim of violence can cause psychological distress and depression in women. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy on psychological distress and depression of married women victims due to domestic violence.

A quasi-experimental research method was used with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. From the statistical population of women victims of domestic violence referring to the counseling centers of the 2nd district of Tehran, 30 people were selected by available sampling and randomly replaced in two groups of 15 people (emotional treatment and control). In order to collect information, the standard questionnaire for measuring violence against women (Haj-Yahia, 2001), psychological distress (Kessler et al., 2002), and depression (Beck, 1996) was used. The experimental group was subjected to emotion-focused therapy; The data were analyzed using covariance test.

The results showed that emotion-oriented therapy has a significant effect on reducing distress and depression of married women who are victims of domestic violence (p<0.001).

For improve of the psychological condition of married women who are victims of domestic violence, it is suggested to use an emotion-focused therapeutic approach.

The aim of the present study was to structurally model coping strategies and self-care in patients with type 2 diabetes; It was based on the mediating role of self-efficacy and rigidity.

The present study was a correlational descriptive method and a fundamental goal. The statistical population of this study included all patients with type 2 diabetes in Khomeini Khomeini Health Network in Isfahan. 200 people (five times the total number of questionnaire questions) were randomly selected as the sample and entered the study. For data collection, Niknam et al.'s (2013) self-care questionnaire, Kubasa (1976) hardiness, Scherer self-efficacy, Lazarus and Volkman and coping strategies were used. Data analysis was performed using structural equations and LISREL software.

The results of data analysis showed that the ratio of chi-square to degree of freedom (X2 / df), good fit index (GFI), normalized fit index (NFI), adaptive fit index (CFI), excess fit index (IFI), relative fit index (RFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) and square root of residues (RMR) are significant and desirable and have a good fit model.

The findings show that rigidity and self-efficacy play a mediating role in the relationship between coping strategies and self-care of type 2 diabetic patients. Therefore, to increase the self-care of diabetic patients, it is possible to strengthen their assertiveness and self-efficacy. Also, by teaching positive coping strategies, self-efficacy and perseverance can be strengthened, and this leads to increased self-care.

Fatty liver disease is the most important reason for chronic liver diseases, from simple fatty liver to advanced stages such as liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. In this study, the effect of moderate intensity endurance exercise and probiotic consumption on MMP 9 gene expression in an animal model of steatosis was investigated.

This study is an experimental study of laboratory type. 32 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of 8: healthy group, fatty liver group, fatty liver + probiotic group, fatty liver + probiotic group + moderate intensity endurance exercise and were tested for 8 weeks. Endurance training was done for 8 weeks, 5 days a week, at 18-28 meters per minute. The statistical calculation of this study was done using the one-way analysis of variance test and, in case of a significant difference, the Bonferroni post hoc test to determine the location of the difference between groups was done with SPSS 25 software.

Endurance training and probiotic consumption have a significant difference on the expression of the MMP-9 gene in the animal model of fatty liver (P=0.000) and decrease the expression of MMP-9.

According to the results of the study, it seems that endurance training along with probiotic consumption can make patients with fatty liver resistant to the damage caused by this disease.