نشریه مسائل اجتماعی ایران
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 31، پاییز و زمستان 1400)

Islamic fundamentalism is a religious-political movement that not only rejects modernism and the West but also wants to establish a new global discipline. The article is going to ask to this question “what are the main social determinants of spread Islamic fundamentalism among 15-45 people aged in Kurdistan
of Iran? The method is grounded theory, sampling methods are maximum variation and snow balling, also data was gathered by semi-structured interview. The interviews were analyzed by Atlas.ti software. Findings show maximum perception of religion, crisis of meaning, non-historical reading of Islam, riority of belief over the life, and anti-Westernism are the main social determinants of spread of Islamic fundamentalism among Iranian sunni’s Kurds.

It has been discussed about age and generation category in various researches. In these studies, there are common linear and non-linear formulations from youth. In them, there are models such as attention to time periods, attention to socialization times and differentiation based on convergence and divergence centers, which in the last two models, refer to the social contexts of contemporary analysis of Iranian history. The main task of this article is to get a more accurate description of the existing formulations. An attempt was made to present a new model focusing on the newer generation (born after the revolution), with the help of the results of the same research and by analyzing the content of 13 books, 2 important articles and 8 national reports in this field and using theories of "generational mentality". Christopher Bals and Ronald Ingelhart's "Periods of Socialization." The final claim of the article is that if the generation of revolution has established its central center in revolution and war, the new generation of academics can reproduce a newer analytical center, such as the hedonistic lifestyle; And get rid of the discourse hegemony of the previous generation in relation to the issue of generations.

Given the differences in understanding, contexts and motivations for smoking among male and female students, the present study compares the experience of smoking among male and female students at Kharazmi University. The approach of this research was qualitative and its method was phenomenology which was purposeful sampling with snowball strategy. The subjects included two groups of male and female undergraduate and graduate students at Kharazmi University (15 girls and 15 boys) who were interviewed in semi-structured and in-depth with theoretical saturation criteria. Thematic (thematic) analysis technique was used to analyze the data. According to the findings, male and female students had different understandings of smoking and were encouraged to smoke for different reasons. Male students are encouraged to smoke to escape intellectual conflicts, and female students try to regain their female identities by smoking. The dormitory and the university played a role in increasing smoking among male students and in building and initiating smoking among female students. Existence of smoking friends and gaining experience, although it played a role in smoking by both sexes, but its role was more prominent among male students. Family background and smoker acquaintances played a role in encouraging both sexes to smoke. The difference between the lived experience of smoking between male and female students indicates that there is a different pattern on their smoking, especially in terms of motivation, and the conditions that create and facilitate it. Meanwhile, the dormitory space with the same function has been to some extent a ground for girls to start smoking and its intensification among boys.

The research program of Agamben, the famous philosopher of neo-marxism, exposes the anarchic nature of law as an apparatus for gaining power. This apparatus is used in State of exception through the suspension of the law. Contrary to the government's claim, what provides the ontological basis for the suspension of the law is not the violation of the law, but the originality of the law. Agamben attacks it. It even negates the national state in implicit implications. This negation expresses the ideal of the universal unity of communism. However the historical coordinates of contemporary Iran are: lack of national state, lack of law, projection (conspiracy theory), and political-economic populism. Given these coordinates, a reflexivity of Agamben's theoretical apparatus from a local perspective is necessary. In a statement, Agamben called health protocols in the age of the corona pandemic useless and conspiratorial, in other words, he called us to violate the relevant laws. His remarks confirm the need to consciously confront the views of neo-Marxism in Iran. Accordingly, the present article, with a brief essay on juridical identity, typical identity, and the playing identity of the modern state in Iran, reminds us of the need for indigenous attention to the theories of neo-Marxism. The findings of this analytical article show that the identity of the modern state in Iran is bureaucratic, undemocratic, and antagonistic. Therefore, what has provided the ontological origin of the suspension of law in Iran is not the originality and legitimacy of the law. origin of the suspension of the law in Iran are: the political metaphysics of illegality, the originality of the charisma of the ruling person, the originality of anti-colonialism, the originality of anti-imperialism and global capitalism, the originality of a particular reading from religion.

The basic premise of this study is that border areas are considered as isolated areas - especially in terms of education - due to the nature of underdevelopment, and the border situation has led to the marginalization of education. In this research, considering the approaches to educational inequality, using the theories of O'Walley, Bourdieu and Ilyich, Bowles and Gintis, we have explained the educational issues in the border areas of Nanour and Khao and Mirabad districts. To this end, we are tired of the institutional ethnography method for analyzing documentary and statistical data and interviews. Therefore, it has analyzed statistics and educational documents in the notices, development documents, sites and sections of the educational institution, as well as interviews with teachers, principals and informants about the status of institutional education in the study areas. The results show that education in the studied border areas due to the dominance of the border economy, lack of educational facilities and lack of educational justice, unemployment and Kolberi and subsequent formation of soldier-teacher-Kolber and student-Kolber subjects and The lack of qualified and experienced teacher forces, as well as cultural factors and reasons, has been marginalized. This has ultimately led to students dropping out of school, increasing illiteracy and intensifying underdevelopment, and so on. Therefore, in the policies and programs of the country, especially in the programs of institutions related to formal and public education, including education, it is necessary to make a positive discrimination in the field of improving the level of education, allocation of facilities and forces in these areas.

The aim of this study was to investigate the social factors related to smoking among students of Kharazmi University. By observing the evidence and being inspired by the theoretical foundations of some related sociological theories, this issue or notion was tested. The research method in this study was survey and a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information. The sample size was 400 people which was determined by multi-stage cluster sampling method from the statistical population of the study, ie all students of Kharazmi University. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software for descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Inference was made due to the strength and simplicity of the explanation based on logistic regression. Findings showed that there is a significant relationship between contextual variables (field of study, gender, etc.) with the tendency to smoke. Also, there is a relationship between problems and tensions in the family and personal life of a person, deprivation and dissatisfaction with life, social conditions and inappropriate environment, socio-cultural abnormalities, mismatch and coordination of goals and methods to achieve goals in society, with smoking. There is meaning. In general, based on the findings of the present study and its comparison with the findings of other studies conducted in the past decade, there should be further research and education to better understand and help students and young people not to enter the field of smoking and reduce Smoking should be done among those who have entered this field.

The relationship between religion and suicide has long been studied by social scientists, especially sociologists. In the present article, by reviewing the theoretical and empirical literature in this field of study, at first, the mechanisms of relationship between the religion and suicide are explained and then the main hypothesis of the research was evaluated empirically with secondary data of Iran through an inter-country comparative analysis with the provincial analysis unit. The findings of this study showed that the main hypothesis in sociological theoretical views that "religion has a protective or reducing effect against suicide" in the context of the Muslim community in Iran is also fully confirmed empirically. More precisely, when the effects of three influential variables on suicide at the systemic level, namely socio-economic development; Family integration, and social disorder were controlled; the net effect of religion on suicide in the provinces of Iran was significantly reduced, indicating the fact that religion had a significant protective effect on suicide. This finding fully indicates the net and independent effect of religion on suicide in the provinces of Iran and is an empirical support for the thesis that religion can play the role of a shield or protector against suicide by promoting coping with the suffering of life and thus, reduce the risk of suicide.

The mahr enforcement is one of the many problems of Iranian families that affect marital life and, consequently, spread social harm in society. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mahr enforcement among referred women to Babak city court; Data were collected from 26 through semi-structured interviews and analyzed by contextual theory. The results showed that women have two different perceptions of mahr, some of whom use dowry as an ultimatum to bring men back to married life and prevent separation. Some also pressure men with mahr to divorce or take custody of their children instead of mahr. The research phenomenon was presented under the title of "deliberate release and deliberate return", which is the most important perceptual aspect of the interviewees and has created a kind of constant conflict in them. It is suggested that the discourse of proper communication action be formed by families and social and cultural institutions of the society, including counseling centers, education and media, etc. in the society.

Although corruption is not a new phenomenon and is as old as human social history, but the body of knowledge and research on corruption is produced and developed in the past three decades. Corruption as an interdisciplinary field is studied in economics, law, management, political science, social science and psychology. This paper attempts to do a systemic review in order to understanding the scientific knowledge about administrative corruption in Iran and identify research gap in the field. So, a sample of 29 selected research based on the form, manner and content criteria selected and examined. The results show that administrative (41%) and economical (24%) researches are more than others. There for, corruptionmostly is considered as a sign of problem in state administration or an effective variable on economic variables and not as social problem. Most studies were don with quantitative methods and techniques. Despite the weakness in identifying the causes of corruption, only 7 percent of the studies have been searching for the causes of corruption. Although, recommendations are different and present in three levels of international, national and organizational. Regard to the corruption complexity, multi-level and combined method and theories are needed.

Social exclusion means the rejection of people from society and its resources and opportunities, and poor people are among those who are more vulnerable to social exclusion. However, research that looks at the phenomenon of social exclusion from the perspective of poor people has been less done in our country. The aim of this study was to explore the feelings and experiences of disadvantaged people regarding social exclusion and to further identify the characteristics of exclusion and its relationship with poverty. For this purpose, qualitative method and interview tools have been used. The interviewees were 18 poor people in Mashhad and the sampling in this study was theoretical sampling. The data obtained from these interviews were analyzed by the content analysis technique of Brown and Clark (2006). The findings of this study indicate two main types of social exclusion. Exclusion of interactions that include exclusion from family and relatives, and reduced interactions with individuals, and exclusion of socio-economic opportunities that include exclusion from financial resources (inaccessibility of loans and facilities), exclusion from the labor market (inaccessibility of employment), and Lack of proper support by government organizations and institutions.

The main purpose of this paper is to identify the facilitating beds of policy intervention in Kerman province education department. Research the method used in this study was based on field study and in-depth interview. The participants in this research included 35 teachers, principals and retired employees of Kerman province education department who were selected based on purposeful sampling method and sampling strategies with maximum variety as well as snowballs. Analysis of the qualitative findings has led to creation of 7 categories including: over-politicized province, teachers' social asset a fortune for the policy, ethnic and political influential combination, education department reserve army of policy field, party pertaining of religious and supervisory institutes, stage-director members of parliament, all-purpose policy. Analysis of the findings obtained from the categories coding revealed that three facilitating beds of casual conditions, ground conditions and intermediate conditions provided the ground of policy intervention in the education department. The results obtained from analysis of these categories showed that the type of education structure, its needs and reciprocal dependence between the policy and education has created a bed that various political groups and various political institutes such as members of Islamic parliament, religious and supervisory institutes and other groups widely intervene in the content, organizational structure and deposition and appointment of the education directors. these interventions mostly seek party, group and personal desires.

The purpose of this article is to study the job search of university graduates. The fundamental question is what factors are related to employment. Although some graduates have been successful in achieving their desired job, according to statistics, others have not been successful. At the macro level, economic growth, political stability, and business regulation are important, and at the micro and medium levels, the issue of social networking and employment skills is important for graduates. This article examines the micro and medium factors in the job search of university graduates. The theoretical framework is a combination of network analysis and skills approach. The research method is survey and its statistical population is the graduates of Kharazmi University. Statistical information and data were collected through a questionnaire and by telephone among university graduates with a sample size of 344 people. The findings of this study show that a strong social network has a greater and more effective role in the employment of university graduates. Also, among the skills studied to find a job, soft skills are more important and considerable than other technical, hard and academic skills.