فهرست مطالب

Archives of Hygiene Sciences
Volume:11 Issue: 1, Winter 2022

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1401/02/31
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
|
  • Mohammad Khandan, Ali Ebrahimi, Amir Hamta, Alireza Koohpaei* Pages 1-12
    Background & Aims of the Study

    Today, the process of humanizing jobs so that the characteristics and working conditions are compatible with the psychological characteristics of employees, has been considered. Content of work and job design is one of the significant concepts in ergonomics, which is one of the impacts of job science and its analysis. The present study was designed to evaluate the reliability and validity of job design questionnaires and work context and then analyze their relationship with musculoskeletal disorders among employees working in the textile industry in Qom in 2019.

    Materials and Methods

    This is a cross-sectional and analytical study. The target population included employees working in the textile industry of Qom, of whom 252 people were included in the study using stratified sampling. The tools used in this study included four questionnaires: demographic, job design, work context, and body map questionnaires. In order to analyze and test the simultaneous correlation of the variables in this study, the multivariate analysis modeling technique of structural equations was used, during which the fit of the measurement model and the reliability of the structures were confirmed by examining the factor loads, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and the composite reliability, and its validity by calculating the Average Extracted Variance (AVE) of the convergence validity of the Fornell-Larcker models. This study used Smart PLS and SPSS software, v. 20 software for data analysis.

    Results

    The results of descriptive statistical tests showed that among 252 employees, 74.6% were male, and 25.4% were female. The main variables, i.e., work context and job design and their subscales, had acceptable conditions in terms of validity and reliability. The relationship between job design and musculoskeletal disorders was significant (P<0.05).

    Conclusion

    The result of this study showed that the two Persian versions of the questionnaire, namely the work context questionnaire and the job design questionnaire, have good validity and reliability and can be used to assess working conditions in job environments, especially in Iranian industries.

    Keywords: Ergonomics, Job design, Work context, Industry, Textile, Iran
  • Hasan Izanloo, Zahra Atafar, Rahim Aali, Yadollah Ghafuri* Pages 13-18
    Background & Aims of the Study

    This study aimed to determine sodium dithionite as an additive in traditional bread and its health risk assessment in Qom province and was designed in two stages.

    Materials and Methods

    It was designed in two stages. In the first stage, the concentration of Sodium dithionite in the traditional breads (4 type of bread with code number of 1, 2, 3, and 4) were measured. 70 samples were randomly selected from the bakeries and analyzed by spectrophotometer in 560 nm and Instrumental detection limit (LOD) of 1 mg/l. In the second stage, health risk assessment was determined. Required data were extracted by a questionnaire (NUTRIKAP) used as a survey tools for household food basket. The sampling method at households Level at the single stage cluster sampling with sample size was estimated for 456 (57 clusters of 8 people in Qom province).

    Results

    The results of Sodium dithionite test in bread samples showed that in 40% of all samples, Sodium dithionite concentration was 1.23±0.99 ppm. The risk assessment for all age groups showed that the hazard quotient (HQ) was <1.

    Conclusion

    according to the pattern of bread consumption, the daily intake of Sodium dithionite does not pose a significant health risk. However, training to Bakers and bakery workers and related food industries is essential and continuous monitoring of additives in bread is more of concern.

    Keywords: Health, Sodium Dithionite, Risk Assessment, Bread, Qom, Iran
  • Nafiseh Rezapoor Andabili*, Mahsa Safaripour Pages 19-30
    Background & Aims of the Study

    Environmental impact assessment is the identification and systematic evaluation of the consequences of projects and programs on physical-chemical, biological, cultural, and socio-economic components of the environment. Changes caused by urban and rural effluents in the environment can directly affect the downstream part of the river. The goal of this study was to evaluate the environmental effects of the fish farming center of Miandoab and analyze the implementation and not implementation of the project at the two phases of construction and operation, which was conducted using the Saratoga Matrix. In addition to this goal, the physicochemical parameters of water and dissolved oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), nitrate, phosphate, alkalinity, ammonia, temperature, and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were measured every 30 days in summer 2020.

    Materials and Methods 

    Miandoab Fish Breeding Center on a land area of 2000 hectares is designed for breeding hydrothermal fish. The Saratoga matrix was used to evaluate the environmental effects and analyze the two options of implementation and non-implementation of the project in the two phases of construction and operation. In the present study, four stations were determined to investigate the effect of the Miandoab Fish Breeding Center on physicochemical parameters of water in different parts of the Siminehrood river in Miandoab city. Based on the results of physicochemical parameters, the Water Quality Index (WQINSF) was calculated.

    Results 

    The result of the effects at the construction phase (-83) and operation phase (+137) indicated that implementation and operation of the fish farming center of Miandoab have positive effects. The results of the water evaluation showed that there was no significant difference in temperature between study stations (P>0.05). The parameters of nitrate, phosphate, alkalinity, ammonia, dissolved oxygen, pH, and BOD5 were significantly affected by different stations (P<0.05). The highest and lowest levels of BOD5 in stations three and one were 12±0.001 and 5.5±0.707 mg/L, respectively and also the highest and lowest ammonia levels were observed at 1.16±0.156 and 0.01±0.001 mg/l in stations one and four, respectively.

    Conclusion

    With the implementation of the project, some difficulties, such as lack of water caused by wasting it in soil channels, overall condition of fish farming activity in the region, immigration from villages to urban areas, lack of employment and lower-income and welfare of the people will be improved; accordingly, and a positive trend will be taken in the future. According to the Water Quality Index (WQINSF), the first and second stations showed good quality status and the third and fourth stations showed lower (average) status. Therefore, it is recommended that all units be equipped with wastewater treatment systems.

    Keywords: Ecosystem, Environmental policy, Public health, Health impact assessment, Iran
  • Ali Shafiei, Neamatollah Jafarzadeh Haghighi Far*, Masoud Monavari, Sima Sabzalipour, Hossein Fathian Pages 31-44
    Background & Aims of the Study

    Oil pollution has a significant impact on soil properties. There are various physical, chemical, biological, or a combination of these methods to deal with it. An important challenge in managing oil-contaminated soils is choosing the ideal method (s) to deal with them. Different methods have been used for decision-making, but can the fuzzy inference engine be used in environmental decisions? The present study investigated the efficiency of a fuzzy inference system for environmental management of crude oil contaminated soils in an oil pump station in southwestern Iran in 2019.

    Materials and Methods 

    Four soil samples were taken to identify the current situation of oil pollution in the study area. Factors, such as the extent of pollution, duration of pollution, climatic, geographical, and biological properties, and the type of soil used in the study area were also determined. Seventeen methods to deal with oil pollution in the soil were identified. Based on the data type, Mamdani fuzzy method was used. For input data, the triangular membership function used the maximum-minimum combination of operators in the inference step, and the Center of Gravity (COG) method was used for defuzzification.

    Results 

    Based on the results of the fuzzy method, land farming with a membership of 0.071 to a completely desirable set, the best method to deal with oil polution in the soil was determined.

    Conclusion

    The results of this study and its overlap with other methods of prioritizing options in managerial decisions showed that the fuzzy inference engine could be used as an intelligent system for prioritizing options and decision-making.

    Keywords: Fuzzy logic, Environment, Soil pollutants
  • Seyed Abdollah Banihashemi* Pages 45-51
    Background & Aims of the Study

    Gifted students have unique characteristics and higher cognitive competencies than normal students. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of creative drama on aggressive gifted students’ mental health and self-esteem.

    Materials and Methods

    To conduct the present applied research, 30 gifted female students in the ninth and tenth grades, after diagnosing aggression using the Buss and Perry questionnaires, were selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Subjects then completed the Coopersmith Self-Esteem and General Health questionnaires (GHQ) in the pre-test. Subjects of the experimental group participated in the creative drama program for 12 sessions, and both groups completed the questionnaires again. Finally, the data were analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk and U Mann-Whitney tests.

    Results

    The results showed that the creative drama intervention increased self-esteem and decreased the overall mental health score in the subscales of social dysfunction, anxiety, and depression but had no significant effect on the subscale of physical symptoms.

    Conclusion

    The results confirm the effect of creative drama intervention on aggressive students’ self-esteem and psychological health.

    Keywords: Health, Psychology, Creativity, Giftedness, Selfesteem
  • Seyed Hadi Hosseini* Pages 53-61

    Background & Aims of the Study: Hospital preparedness is essential in responding to disasters,
    and the role of communication and information systems as one of the main components of
    preparedness is essential. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the preparedness of
    hospitals in the face of disasters and investigate the status of communication and information
    systems and the relationship between them.

    Materials and Methods

    This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was performed in
    12 hospitals available at Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2019. In order to collect
    information, direct observation, talking, and finally completing two checklists were used: 1)
    assessment of preparedness for emergencies and 2) evaluation of information and communication
    systems. Expert professors confirmed their validity and reliability during the test-retest method.
    SPSS v. 24 software, descriptive statistics, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to
    analyze the data.

    Results

    The overall preparedness status for dealing with disasters and communicationinformation
    systems was assessed at a moderate level. Also, there was a statistically significant
    direct relationship between the scores of preparedness areas and the scores of communicationinformation
    systems of these hospitals (P≤0/05).

    Conclusion

    The moderate preparedness status of the hospitals in this stuBackground & Aims of the Study: Hospital preparedness is essential in responding to disasters, and the role of communication and information systems as one of the main components of preparedness is essential. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the preparedness of hospitals in the face of disasters and investigate the status of communication and information systems and the relationship between them. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was performed in 12 hospitals available at Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2019. In order to collect information, direct observation, talking, and finally completing two checklists were used: 1) assessment of preparedness for emergencies and 2) evaluation of information and communication systems. Expert professors confirmed their validity and reliability during the test-retest method. SPSS v. 24 software, descriptive statistics, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. Results: The overall preparedness status for dealing with disasters and communicationinformation systems was assessed at a moderate level. Also, there was a statistically significant direct relationship between the scores of preparedness areas and the scores of communicationinformation systems of these hospitals (P≤0/05). Conclusion: The moderate preparedness status of the hospitals in this study was not acceptable due to national and sometimes international expectations. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the overall preparedness and strengthen the technical infrastructure of communicationinformation systems in a multi-layered way and develop the culture of using these systems in the face of unexpected events.dy was not acceptable
    due to national and sometimes international expectations. Therefore, it is necessary to pay
    attention to the overall preparedness and strengthen the technical infrastructure of communicationinformation
    systems in a multi-layered way and develop the culture of using these systems in the
    face of unexpected events.

    Keywords: preparedness, disasters, hospital wards, communication information system
  • Elahe Zallaghi, Gholamreza Goudarzi, Sima Sabzalipour*, Alireza Zarasvandi Pages 63-72
    Background & Aims of the Study

    Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers globally and the third leading cause of death in Iran. Particulate matter is one of the leading air pollutants in urban areas that can pass through the nose and throat, penetrate deep into the lungs, and cause serious health outcomes. Our primary purpose was to estimate the rate of lung cancer deaths in people over 30 years of age in the long-term exposure to PM2.5 in ten years in Ahvaz.

    Materials and Methods

    Data related to deaths (including population and incidence of health outcomes) and PM2.5 were obtained from the Deputy of Health, Environmental Protection, and Meteorological Organizations of Ahvaz. After validating the data according to Aphekom’s instructions, they entered the AirQ+ software. Also, 24-hour particle concentrations during the year, total population, at-risk population, the baseline incidence rate of desired health outcomes, and particle threshold of 10μg /m3 were prepared and entered into the software.

    Results

    The highest concentration of PM2.5 was in 2010 (70.72 µg /m3 ), and the lowest concentration was in 2014 (41.97 µg /m3 ), and in all years of measurement, the amount of PM2.5 was higher than the WHO standard (10 µg /m3 ). The results showed a significant relationship between lung cancer and PM2.5 concentration. Thus, with the increase of air pollution in Ahvaz due to PM2.5 pollutants, mortality and the risk of these diseases increased. The results obtained for mortality due to lung cancer is one of the most deadly types, had the highest attributable 28.57% (2010) and the lowest 20.63% (2014). Also, the highest and lowest total attributable individuals were 24 (2010) and 18 (2014), respectively. Thus, PM2.5 pollutants can be effective in people with lung cancer.

    Conclusion

    As we know, this pollutant has caused many destructive effects and mortality to the residents of Ahvaz. For this purpose, the authorities in this field must provide preventive and applicable solutions to reduce the concentration of particulate matter and investigate the impacts. It can be concluded that appropriate measures and policies should be adopted to reduce air pollution in controlling PM2.5 sources of pollution to reduce the health effects of this pollutant in urban residents. Accordingly, it has been proven that reducing air pollution can reduce the burden of lung cancer and acute and chronic respiratory diseases. According to studies, a decrease of 10 m3 in the concentration of particulate matter PM2.5 increases life expectancy by about 0.61 years.

    Keywords: Lung Neoplasms, Epigenomics, Air pollution, Chronic exposure, Disease burden index
  • Fariba Asghari, Mozhgan Salavati*, Saeid Hakimi Ssiabar, Fatemeh Shariati Pages 73-90
    Background & Aims of the Study

    Today, the process of humanizing jobs so that the characteristics and working conditions are compatible with the psychological characteristics of employees, has been considered. Content of work and job design is one of the significant concepts in ergonomics, which is one of the impacts of job science and its analysis. The present study was designed to evaluate the reliability and validity of job design questionnaires and work context and then analyze their relationship with musculoskeletal disorders among employees working in the textile industry in Qom in 2019.

    Materials and Methods

    This is a cross-sectional and analytical study. The target population included employees working in the textile industry of Qom, of whom 252 people were included in the study using stratified sampling. The tools used in this study included four questionnaires: demographic, job design, work context, and body map questionnaires. In order to analyze and test the simultaneous correlation of the variables in this study, the multivariate analysis modeling technique of structural equations was used, during which the fit of the measurement model and the reliability of the structures were confirmed by examining the factor loads, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and the composite reliability, and its validity by calculating the Average Extracted Variance (AVE) of the convergence validity of the Fornell-Larcker models. This study used Smart PLS and SPSS software, v. 20 software for data analysis.

    Results

    The results of descriptive statistical tests showed that among 252 employees, 74.6% were male, and 25.4% were female. The main variables, i.e., work context and job design and their subscales, had acceptable conditions in terms of validity and reliability. The relationship between job design and musculoskeletal disorders was significant (P<0.05).

    Conclusion

    The result of this study showed that the two Persian versions of the questionnaire, namely the work context questionnaire and the job design questionnaire, have good validity and reliability and can be used to assess working conditions in job environments, especially in Iranian industries.

    Keywords: Heavy metals, Environmen, Pollution, Risk assessment, Carcinogenic risk