فصلنامه پژوهش های مهدوی
پیاپی 39 (زمستان 1400)

There is a Duʿā’ attributed to Imam Rezā (PBUH) for Qunut of Friday prayer (Salāt al-Jumuʿah) in Misbah al-Motehajjed by Shaikh al-Tusi (D. 1067 A.D.). This supplication contains many phrases which could be known as Duʿāʾ for Imam Mahdi`s health or his advent; accordingly, nowadays recited in Shiā communities for asking God to fulfill The Promised Advent. This article, first of all reviews the old ritual of praying for the governor in the Friday prayer, and secondly, presents many similar Duʿā’s starting with the same introductory phrase as that of al-Tusi`s Duʿāʾ (Allāhomma Aslih Abdak wa Khalifatak) in Sunni literature, therefore, it apperceives this phrase as a widely circulated slogan of political obedience to the Islamic rulers and praying for them, which had been officially recited in Friday rituals, from Umayyad dynasty till, at least, the late Abbasid era. By elucidating this background, the article seeks for a more accurate meaning of this Duʿā, in Imam Rezā’s lifetime.

The idea of Mahdaviat and belief in the savior of the apocalypse is the common denominator of all divine religions. The position and importance of this belief and its high capacities in the individual and social spheres have caused this idea to be constantly abused by profiteers and neighboring governments throughout history. Therefore, it is necessary to be acquainted with the tricks and tricks of skepticism by the false opponents and claimants of Mahdaviat. In this research, with a descriptive-library method and with an analytical approach, the works of famous skeptics of Mahdaviat, from Mirza Gholam Ahmad Ghadiani and Ali Mohammad Bab to contemporary skeptics such as Nasser Ghefari, Osman Al-Khamis, Ahmad Kateb and Ahmad Ismail Basri and written criticisms and denials, Have been examined on them and 30 cases of tricks and methods of inducing doubt in the topics of Mahdaviat have been identified and introduced along with documented examples. Falsification, distortion and fragmentation of narrations, fallacies, unreasonable interpretations, quoting rare narrations, assassination of personalities, invoking dreams and divination and the use of alien sciences and transcendental forces are among the methods used by skeptics in the field of Mahdaviat to create suspicion and deception, and distortion and destruction of the idea of Mahdaviat are used.

The issue of necessity and the need for divine Reason is one of the important ideas of monotheism and especially shiite religions. that has two - way communication with the human subject, features and limitations. however, the hakim and theologians have paid to the explanation and proof of the necessity of divine Reason with regard to carry and wise teachings. but the importance of this study is in relation to its opposite aspect, limits and human deficiencies which necessitate this necessity. The method of research in this paper is common sense. first, human limitations are defined in three spheres of knowledge, social, and guidance and then, under each of these concepts, all forms of human existence and the necessity of divine Reason are discussed. And as the Mahdi is along the Divine Providenceas the necessities and permanent limitations of man have been demonstrated during the human life, the necessity and the need for divine Imam has already been demonstrated.

One of the titles that have been attributed to Imam Mahdi (as) in the narrations (Ahadith) is the title of Al-Mamool,  This title, which means the desired person, has been used in a total of six narrations of the five infallibles about Imam Zaman (as), which are: the Holy Prophet(as), Imam Ali (as), Imam Sadiq (as), Imam Askari And Imam Zaman. Although each of these six narrations has a weak document, but on the one hand, the existence of six narrations creates a significant hadith family in this regard, and on the other hand, Mufazzal narration, with a little negligence, is considered reliable and trustworthy. Therefore, "Al-Ma'mool" can be considered as one of the specific titles of Imam Zaman (as). The reason for assigning this title to the Imam is that he is the object (desired) of the heavenly religions. He wished to relieve the suffering of the afflicted, he wished to revive the divine book and its limits, and finally he wished to establish a world government of justice and to correct the unhealthy situation of the world.

The appearance of the Imam Zaman (peace on them) of the Age throughout history has been the focus of all divine saints and prophets, and the Muslim Ummah is waiting for his advent. But after the appearance of Imam Zaman (peace on them), some people oppose him for various reasons. In this study, while classifying the opponents, the reasons for opposition to Imam Zaman (peace on them) at the time of his emergence were examined and analyzed. For non-Muslims, the most important reasons for opposition are racism, supremacy, and enmity with Islam and the Prophet. For some Muslims, the most important reasons for opposition are the satanic shout, the new religion charge, new interpretations of the Qur'an charge, the youth of the Imam, the "tussle and stringency of the Imam Zaman (peace on them)" against the enemies, the implementation of religious rulings, and punishment Jabbat and Taghut and the oppression of Bani Hashem.

In the present article, the issue of Velayat-e-Faqih and the capacity of proving it in the honorable signature of Imam al-Asr to Ishaq ibn Ya'qub has been studied. By analyzing the components and elements of honorable signature, and using the words of the jurists about honorable signature, we come across several hypotheses; 1: Absolute guardianship of the jurist. 2: Guardianship in political and social affairs. 3: Guardianship over fatwas and religious rules. 4: Provincial jurisdiction and resolution of disputes and litigation. 5: Guardianship over fatwas in modern matters and new issues. 6: Province on fatwas in matters not affected. 7: Province in recognizing the signs of the advent of Imam Mahdi (as). By examining the components of signature separately, we strengthen the first possibility and complete the implication of honorable signature on Velayat-e-Faqih. The present study has used the method of data collection in a library, and the research method has been descriptive-analytical.