نشریه پژوهش هایی در کشت سلول و بافت کاریوتیک
سال دوم شماره 4 (زمستان 1400)

This study was performed to identify the anatomical responses of lemon balm to zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) at the concentrations of 100 and 300 mg/l. The microscopic observation showed that the nZnO300 had the largest diameter of the central cylinder and the diameter of xylem and phloem in the root compared to the control. The study of stem cross-section revealed that the highest stem diameter was observed in response to the nZnO100 group. The maximum thickness of collenchyma and the highest diameter of the central cylinder and the diameter of phloem and xylem were also recorded in the nZnO100 group. Comparing the leaf cross sections indicated that the thickness of the upper and lower epidermis, the diameter of the xylem, the thickness of the spongy parenchyma in the nZnO100 group were significantly increased relative to the control. Comparison of petiole cross sections showed that the thickness of the upper and lower epidermis and the diameter of the central/lateral phloem and xylem in all nZnO-treated seedlings were significantly reduced compared to the control. This study provided anatomical evidence that indicates fundamental changes in the fate of cell differentiation and tissue formation in response to nZnO. Future research is needed to link physiological, molecular, and anatomical evidence to accurately understand the impact of nanoproducts on the entire life of plants, especially crops and medicines.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of application of selenium nanoparticles on anatomy and pattern of tissue differentiation in lemon balm. Plants were treated with nano-selenium (nSe; 0, 10 and 50 mg/l) and bulk selenium (BSe). The results of this study indicated that nanoselenium had a positive and beneficial effect at a concentration of 10, but a concentration of 50 induced toxicity. The microscopic assessment of stem cross sections showed that the diameter of the central cylinder was increased compared to the control. The highest increase was related to the seedlings exposed to the 50 and 10 mg/l. Stem thickness and diameter in the nSe-treated seedlings at 50 mg/l and bulk 10 mg/l were increased compared to the control. Xylem diameter decreased in response to the supplements, the lowest belongs to the nSe50. Monitoring the leaf cross sections showed that nSe10 increased thickness of xylem diameter, palisade and sponge parenchyma compared to the control. Comparison of petiole cross-sections indicated that the thickness of the epidermis and the diameter of the central the central and lateral xylem were changed. While, 50 mg/l nSe declined these traits. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that the application of applied concentration-dependent selenium, in addition to inducing physiological and molecular changes, causes anatomical changes and tissue differentiation. Further research is needed in the future to determine the mechanism of these responses.

Despite numerous studies on the biological properties and differentiability of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells, these studies are still ongoing in order to achieve new findings. Therefore, the present study investigates the biological properties of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their ability to differentiate into osteocyte and adipocyte.

In this experimental laboratory study, 30 whole placenta specimens were prepared from the mothers under cesarean section and kept under standardized conditions. The mesenchymal cells were isolated by enzymatic method and their morphological characteristics were examined by microscopy and absorption spectroscopy and their biological properties, in particular expression of CD markers, were determined by flow cytometry. Finally, mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in specific media in order to differentiate into osteocyte and adipocyte. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Morphological and physical examinations by microscope and absorption spectroscopy as well as presenting of CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105 markers and lacking of CD34 and CD45 markers demonstrated the mesenchymal entity of stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells successfully differentiated into osteocyte and adipocyte.

Human cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into adult fat and bone cells. In this respect, the use of cord-derived mesenchymal cells could be of significant interest in cell therapy.

This study investigated the molecular and physiological responses of lemon balm seedlings to the manipulation of nutrient solution with zinc oxide nanoparticle (nZnO) at 0, 100, and 300 mgl-1. The augmentation in biomass accumulation and photosynthetic pigments resulted from the nZnO utilization. The exposure of seedlings to nZnO modifed both primary and secondary metabolism in leaves. The nanosupplements upreguated activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and catalase enzymes. Moreover, the incease in concentrations of proline, flavonids, and glutathione resulted from the application of nZnO. Furthermore, the nZnO treatments up-regulated the transcription of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and Coumarate: CoA-ligase (4CL) genes, two genes responsible for the production of secondary metabolites. These comparative physiological and molecular investiagtions on plant responses to nZnO and its bulk type may serve as a theoretical basis for function in agricultural and medicinal industries.

 Noise pollution is one of the hazardous factors in the environment. One of the major sources of this sort of pollution is the noise produced by urban transportation, mostly subway and business centers. In this study, the noise pollution effects on the histopathological changes in the liver and kidney of Wistar male rats were investigated.

 Rats were arranged in 3 groups (control, and experimental, n=6). The control group was kept in the standard situation and the experimental groups were kept in Tehran grand bazaar and around sadeghiyeh metro station (west rose street). After eight weeks all animals were euthanized via cervical dislocation and tissue samples stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histopathology evaluation.

 In the samples of all the rats located around Sadeghiyeh subway and Tehran's grand bazaar, there is no difference in kidney volume between the control and experimental groups. Nonetheless the destruction of hepatocytes and cell degeneration around the central vein in liver tissue were observed in group placed around Sadeghiyeh subway.

 The results of this study showed that noise pollution in the two areas of Tehran's grand bazaar and Sadeghiyeh subway causes changes in liver tissue. Consequently, control and correction measures to reduce noise in these areas seem necessary.

Ascorbic Acid (AsA) is a powerful antioxidant, vitamin, and enzyme cofactor that has significant effects on plant's growth and development. A study was performed to investigate the effects of AsA on the formation and growth of adventitious roots in cuttings of Tradescantia fluminensis. The plants were treated by two levels of AsA (0, and 0.5 mM). Lengths and numbers of adventitious roots, free amino acid content, hydrogen peroxide content, ascorbate-peroxidase activity, and AsA/ Dehydroascorbate (DHA) ratio were measured. Application of 0.5 mM AsA reduced the number of adventitious roots but did not affect the lengths of adventitious roots. Supplemental AsA leads to the reduction of free amino acids and hydrogen peroxide contents, and AsA/DHA ratio in comparison to control plants. The activity of ascorbate-peroxidase was increased under AsA application. The addition of AsA to the rooting medium delayed the formation time of adventitious roots in T. fluminensis. The results suggest that the differentiation of parenchymal cells into tracheids during the use of AsA delays because the H2O2 and amino acids are required for lignification of secondary cell walls. We assumed that increasing the activity of APX results in AsA/DHA ratio reduction by the addition of AsA to the rooting medium.