مجله راهور
پیاپی 39 (زمستان 1400)

Unfavorable weather conditions are one of the important factors that affect road safety. The number of road accidents in climatic conditions such as snow and rain has also increased financial losses. Therefore, in this article, researchers analyze the spatial pattern of climatic elements in the occurrence of road accidents in Bushehr province.

This research has been done with a spatial analysis approach and analyticaldescriptive method. The statistical population of the study includes all elements and road accidents that occurred in Bushehr province in a period of 5 years (2015-2016) and has been used documentary research. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis of accident and meteorological data and ArcGIS software was used for spatial analysis of data. IDW method was used for zoning the maps and R, F and Chisquare tests and multiple linear regressions has been used to compare frequencies.

The highest frequency of accidents was of injury type and in Bushehr- Borazjan police station area and it is also Injury accident type. The lowest frequency of accidents is related to Khormoj police station and it is fatal accident type. Considering the value of F which is 50.05 and the significance level which is 0.000, it can be stated with 95% confidence this model has generalizability. In the multiple linear regression method, a linear relationship was established between the dependent variable and several independent variables.

The results of studies showed that at a 95% confidence level, there is a positive and significant relationship between climatic elements (precipitation, visibility, humidity and wind speed) and the accident variable.

One of the necessary prerequisites for preparing a roadmap of traffic in any country, especially "traffic executive regulations", is to identify its components and characteristics. If these components and indicators are not properly identified, the traffic of that country in the field of traffic violations is not properly managed and as a result, the number of traffic violations and accidents and casualties due to accidents is increasing day by day. However, if the components and indicators are properly identified and the necessary planning is done based on them, the occurrence of violations and traffic accidents and the resulting losses can be prevented. Therefore, in this study, according to the experts, the components and indicators of traffic enforcement regulations have been identified with the approach of driving violation management.

This research is developmental in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of content with a content analysis approach. The statistical population of the present study consisted of 12 experts of traffic police, traffic engineers who were purposefully selected and semi-structured in-depth interview tools were used to collect data.

Analysis of data obtained from interviews in the form of three main categories (dimensions) include; A: Traffic policies B: Traffic legislation and C: Traffic enforcement guarantee and each includes several components and indicators, seven components (sub-categories) and 37 indicators (sub-categories) in this area were identified and finalized based on the opinions of experts .

For the category of "traffic policies", two components and six indicators (subcategories), for the category of "traffic legislation", two components and nine indicators (subcategories) and for the category of "traffic guarantee", three components and 22 subcategories (indicators) were identified.

Being proficient in traffic test has a significant effect on reducing costs due to non-compliance with driving regulations. The traffic test biases put validity, fair evaluation, and correct decision in jeopardy. Therefore, the research objective is to study the psychometric features in order to validate the traffic test.

The present applied study is quantitative in terms of type and categorized as studies called "psychometrics". The research population included participants in the traffic test in 2020 that 297 people were selected by simple random. Data were analyzed by R software, and reliability (α=0.7) as well as validity were verified based on differential action analyses.

The research findings showed that the traffic test is an easy test and participants mostly use guessing the correct answer. The discriminant coefficients of all questions were positive and acceptable. Non-based IRT tests converged, and with the exception of nonlinear regression method, which identified questions 11 and 16 as biased, other methods detected only question 16 as biased. Tests based on IRT failed to converge.

The results of the research showed that the traffic test is valid and reliable. Based on differential functioning analyses, there is generally validity due to homogeneity of measurement in reference and focal groups. Nonlinear regression method is also a useful alternative to methods based on IRT and is has good capabilities in tests where there is a guess effect.

In the past, when calculating vehicle speed, experts used to determine the speed of a car based on the performance of the braking system and the length of the braking effect. In the last two decades, the design of car braking systems has changed and most cars are equipped with anti-lock systems. This makes it impossible for experts to calculate the speed of vehicles equipped with anti-lock braking system, because in such brakes, the braking effect does not remain on the road surface for a long time. The purpose of this paper is to develop the process of calculating vehicle speed in accidents of vehicles equipped with anti-lock braking system.

To solve the problem of determining the speed of vehicles equipped with anti-lock braking system, we have used differential and integral methods of functions in the emergency braking process.

In this research, a mathematical model has been developed to determine the speed of a vehicle equipped with an anti-lock braking system. This model makes it possible to consider the effect of air resistance, resistance to movement and resistance to lifting the car from the ground during the driver reaction time and braking time. Tensile strength affects the change of vehicle speed.

The proposed mathematical model shows the actual process of sudden braking of the car more accurately and reduces the error of calculating the speed of the car by 4 to 8 percent compared to the existing calculation methods.

Humans always adopt behaviors in all situations of life that can have very different results. Researchers in the field of high-risk driving behaviors have investigated the role of emotions prevalence rate as well as the root causes and factors related to this important issue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a structural model of driving behaviors on the basis of sensation seeking mediated by emotion regulation.

This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of quantitative methods of data collection. The statistical population of this study includes 917 drivers from Tehran, West Azerbaijan and Kurdistan provinces who were selected and evaluated by cluster sampling method. Data collection tools were Manchester (1990) driving behavior questionnaire, Arnett sensation seeking questionnaire (1992) and Grass and John (1998) emotion regulation.

The results of the analysis of structural equation showed that the measurement models of the studied variables and the final model of the research had a good fit. Excitement also had a direct effect on driving behavior in drivers. The emotion regulation variable was able to mediate between sensation seeking and driving behavior.

The structure of emotion regulation can be used to explain the relationship between sensation seeking and driving behaviors. It is suggested that in order to improve the driving situation and reduce the number of accidents, the criteria and rules for obtaining a driver's license should be reviewed in accordance with the topics of emotional behaviors.

Traffic safety has become one of the most important problems in the country and many organizations are involved in creating this safety. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to identify the dimensions, components and indicators of the interaction pattern of Traffic Police of IRIPF with other organizations in order to use this pattern to achieve proper management of traffic safety.

The present study in terms of purpose was an applied and qualitative research with content analysis. The statistical population was experts, which included university professors, managers and commanders of Traffic Police Department and Managers of Organizations related to traffic safety. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview which was done by content analysis with open and centralized and selective coding.

findings indicate the identification of 7 dimensions(managerial, executive, cultural, educational, security, social and infrastructure), 23 components (interaction and communication, data analysis, rules and regulations, service management, resource management, regulatory, financial problems, operational, legal action, awareness, culture building, advertising, theoretical training, practical training, health services, road safety, safety training, social prevention, environmental prevention, technology, standardization and equipment) and 154 indicators.

Management and executive dimensions were the most important indicators for effective interaction and communication between organizations involved in traffic safety. Also, the existence of an overhead organization to determine the duties of organizations involved in traffic safety and their proper interaction with each other, as well as obtaining reports at specified intervals from these institutions was considered very necessary.