نشریه روستا و توسعه پایدار فضا
سال سوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 9، بهار 1401)

The globalization of the economy, political, social and economic developments in societies and human interventions in the natural environment have led to the Transformations of various types of natural spaces, agricultural spaces and man-made spaces.The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent and causes of Transformations in man-made space in the Lashtnesha Area.Qualitative inductive research strategy, method of collecting documentary and field data and to study the historical developments of written and oral sources were examined.Spatial Transformations was studied through satellite imagery in the Google Earth engine and edited based on field information in the ArcGIS environment.26 samples were prepared for targeted interviews from local informants and 43 images and a video of the conditions of the region and for the analysis of all data, the qualitative method of grounded theory and ATLAS.ti software were used.According to the findings, natural spaces in the region decreased, rice increased until 1996 and then decreased, for gardens in 1996 decreased then increased and man-made spaces increased throughout the period.These Transformations were influenced by the past and its historical context and based on demographic changes, land ownership and inheritance law, along with elements such as the effects of the global economy, policy-making of governments and institutions, institutional change, dysfunctional institutions, the system of regulation and rewards, the atmosphere of uncertainty, production and uncertainty. The competitiveness of productive activities in the study area has led to the expansion of real estate capitalism and commercial and service constructions, which indicates the expansion of unproductive capitalism, the lack of complete formation of capitalist cycles. The dominant motivational structure in the area, due to historical experience, daily problems and non-indigenous knowledge, directed the mental structures and beliefs of the people towards the sale of land.

In order to develop rural areas, increase the quality of life and the survival of villagers in rural areas, several plans and programs are carried out. One of the most important and effective rural projects is the preparation and implementation of a Plan to somehow lead to livability and in rural areas. Implementation of Plan from various dimensions can affect the sustainability of villages. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of the implementation of Guidance plan on the sustainability of rural settlements in rural of Miyan Velayat Dehestan have been analyzed. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in method. For this purpose, 7 villages with a plan and 7 other villages were selected with the opinion of experts from the villages in which the plan was not implemented and in terms of distance close to the villages in which the plan was implemented. The number of samples in villages with a plan of 93 people and in villages without a plan is 91 people at random and at the level of the head of the household and which were selected using the Cochran's formula with a measurement error of 0.1. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistical methods as well as WasPAS decision model were used. The results show that the greatest impact of the master plan in the studied rural settlements was in two dimensions of physical-spatial and environmental sustainability and the least impact was in the economic dimension. In general, the implementation of the Guidance plan has significantly affected the socio-cultural, physical-spatial and environmental sustainability of settlements in the study area. However, the situation of stability in rural settlements without a plan in all dimensions is in an unfavorable situation.

Man always has to live in the midst of all other kinds. The life of human beings together, while being the cause of human growth and development, has caused conflict and conflict between their interests and rights, and this has caused conflict between human beings. Hence, spatial factors in the village are one of the factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial factors affecting the legalization of rural disputes in Rashtkhar rural area and factors such as economic, social, cultural among 350 rural households as a statistical sample among rural households in Rashtkhar rural district in Rashtkhar province. Khorasan Razavi has been researched in the form of a questionnaire based on a questionnaire and documentary studies have been studied. SPSS, ArcGIS, Expert choice software was used to analyze the data. Findings of the research, on the one hand, confirm that among the indicators considered by spatial factors influencing the judicialization of rural disputes, the indicators of land disputes with an average (4.20), disputes over water (12 / 4), not exceeding its benefits with an average (3.90), respectively, has the highest average in the studied households. On the other hand, the results obtained from the Kruskal-Wallis test indicate the important role of economic factors with an average (51.435) among the spatial factors affecting the judicialization of rural disputes

One of the basic requirements for achieving a continuous and sustained development is the analytical review of related structures in relation to developmental issues. Various structures and organizations are responsible for development agencies, especially in rural areas. But the fundamental question is, to what extent they are aware of their social responsibilities. This research attempts to investigate and evaluate social responsibility of Jihad-e-Agriculture Organization as one of the responsible institutions in rural development in Iran in the form of a case study of Isfahan province. The statistical population of this research is the staff of the research and the promotion of Jihad in Isfahan Province, of which 158 statistical samples were selected and the social responsibility of this institution was assessed by these individuals. The main tool of the research was questionnaire, its validity was confirmed by experts of the university and Jihad-e-Agriculture Organization and reliability of the research tool was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient higher than 0.7. The results of the study showed that the social responsibility of Jihad-e-Agriculture Organization of Isfahan province has not been favorable in terms of promotion of employees, especially in the field of philanthropy activities. The psychological factors of employees have affected the amount of this assessment from their point of view. Also, there is a positive relationship between the organizational commitment of the staff and the degree to which they have assessed the social responsibility of the organization.

The main purpose of this research is design of open innovation pattern with entrepreneurial development approach in rural cooperative damaged in the corona crisis, which has been carried out by the grounded theory method. Data collection was semi structured interviews. Statistical population is faculty of economy, management and entrepreneurship of university and heads of rural cooperatives. The method of sampling was the realization of strategic and strategic strategies that was done by interview. The selection of samples was made according to the snowball process and continued until the theoretical saturation, in the qualitative part of this study, the method of open coding, axial coding and selective coding and requirements for each of these stages. In this research to ensure validity and reliability of the method of adaptation by members and intra- topic agreement method is used. In the interviews, according to the percentages reported by two people, the method of determining reliability is analyzed. Factors affecting the design of open innovation pattern with entrepreneurial development approach are: economic factors, organization factors, environmental factors, technological, creating competitive advantage, rules and regulations, innovation and strategic implementation.

Land use planning, through the regulation of human relations with the environment, creates appropriate development and sustainability, and by creating harmony between humans and the environment, the need to recognize ecological potentials and evaluate them. The ultimate goal of all planning in the form of land use planning is to achieve sustainable development, regional balance, proper distribution of activities and maximum use of environmental capabilities in the process of regional development. In this regard, the purpose of this study is set of effective factors in not following the sustainable development of rural areas of Zabol County from the principles of land use planning (qualitative research). In terms of purpose, the present study is a part of basic research and has a descriptive nature, and in terms of method, it is in the group of qualitative research. It is a tool for gathering information (library and field (interview)). The statistical population of the present study includes experts (district heads, villagers and village managers of Zabol County) that in the framework of the final theoretical saturation using purposive sampling, 15 people were selected as the sample size. To analyze the information, the method of Grounded theory (Foundation Data Theory) has been used. From the results of interviews with experts to identify the set of effective factors in not following the sustainable development of villages in Zabol County from the principles of land use planning using the grounded theory method, 37 concepts and 13 semantic units and 6 categories (Lack of integrated and systematic plan, incoherent land use planning models, programs and goals formulated in a qualitative manner, lack of integrated and coherent management, monolithic political structure, lack of public participation) were extracted.

Insurance of strategic agricultural products is one of the risk management mechanisms that is of special importance and necessity in the agricultural conditions of Iran, for social, economic, climatic reasons. In the meantime, considering the more than three decades of activity of the Agricultural Insurance Fund and the government's supportive policies and strategies, In this regard, the purpose of this study is the role of insurance of strategic agricultural products in the economic and social development of villages in Guilan province. Descriptive and analytical research methods are also consistent with library, documentary and field studies, The sample population was three types of villages (mountainous and foothill, plain, coastal) which were determined based on random sampling of 380 people. SPSS software and WASPAS model were also used to analyze the data. The results showed that the highest number of insured agricultural products is in the plain type, also among the strategic products of the region: the highest amount of insurance is in the strategic crop of rice, and Also, due to the successive natural hazards in the province, most farmers have insured their crops against potential hazards. The results showed that educational and promotional factors, economic, social, institutional are effective in increasing the motivation of farmers to insure their products. Among these factors, educational and promotional factor was recognized as the most important factor, and subsequently, a significant and positive relationship was observed between insurance of strategic agricultural products and economic and social development of rural areas of Guilan province at a significant level of 0.000. Finally, the spatial analysis of the three types of villages studied based on economic and social development and emphasizing the role of insurance of strategic agricultural products showed that the type of lowland villages has the highest rate of economic and social development.