فصلنامه مطالعات تجربی حسابداری مالی
پیاپی 73 (بهار 1401)

Since the auditor's information tool is the audit report, the language and wording used in this report are critical. Although the auditor's report has improved over time, it still suffers from problems. Therefore, audit reports must be prepared carefully to reduce misconceptions as much as possible. In the present study, the effect of earnings management on the tone and complexity of the auditor's reports has been investigated. After prior research and hypothesis development, 135 companies listed with the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 1396 and 1397 were selected and tested using ordinary least squares regression. The results indicate a significant negative relationship between accrued earnings management and the positive tone of the auditor's report. The findings also show a significant positive relationship between earnings management and reporting complexity. In addition to expressing the importance and application of this issue for auditors, text mining of audit reports can also help policymakers and developers of reporting standards recognize the expectations gap and take steps to reduce this gap by providing readable audit reports. In addition, it helps to broaden people's understanding of the effects of using qualitative information, such as reporting language, in financial and auditing reports. Also, it shows the relationship between the tone of the auditor's report that is influenced by strategic choice and the use of qualitative disclosure is closely related to the company's performance.

Predicting stock rates and securities pricing is one of the most important issues in financial markets. The information provided by managers in corporate financial statements helps investors make optimal decisions. The value of this information depends on their accuracy and correctness, and managers' biases distort the information correctly and lead to incorrect predictions and, of course, wrong decisions. Corporate governance is created by overseeing the opportunistic behaviors of managers and with the aim of reducing the conflict of interest between shareholders and managers.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of corporate governance mechanisms on the relationship between managers' expectations and stock returns. Stock returns were calculated using the Fama and French three-factor model. It is an institutional agent and shareholder. The research hypotheses were tested using data from 178 companies whose data were available during the years 1390 to 1396 and using multivariate regression and combined data.Findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between managers 'expectations stickiness and stock returns and also only the mechanism of percentage of institutional shareholders has a significant effect on the relationship between managers' expectations stickiness and stock returns.

The existence of firms' excess cash causes resources to stagnate and, cash deficit causes loss of investment opportunities. Therefore, firms generally try to maintain an optimal level of cash holdings. In addition, firms attempt to quickly correct any deviations from the optimal level of cash holdings. The level of cash holdings and the speed of correcting the gap between the actual and the optimal level of cash holdings depend on several factors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the firm's business strategies (defenders and prospectors) on the level of cash holding and its speed of adjustment. In this regard, the data of 120 firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) during 2013-2020 (960 firm-years) have been used. The static models are estimated using ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator and, the system generalized method of moments estimator (GMM) is used to estimate dynamic models. The results show that the prospectors have a smaller cash holdings ratio than defenders, and also, the prospectors have lower cash holdings speed of adjustment than defenders. The results of supplementary tests that confirm the research's main findings are consistent with the predictions made in trade-off theory.

The relevance and usefulness of accounting information can be measured by the simultaneous relationship between accounting information, returns or stock market prices. The Comparability of accounting information, as a qualitative feature of information, increases the value relevance of accounting information. Also opacity in financial reporting through the corporate financial system increases stock volatility and, as a result, increases investment risk and investor distrust. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is the effect of comparability of financial statements and opacity in financial reporting on the value relevance between earnings and book value per share. Accordingly, a sample of 137 companies was selected from the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2013 to 2019 and to test the hypotheses, a multivariate regression model using the panel data method was used. The results showed that earnings and book value per share have a value relevance and the comparability of financial statements increases the value relevance of earnings per share. But contrary to the literature, comparability reduces the value relevance of book value per share. On the other hand, the opacity of financial reporting reduces the value relevance of book value per share due to comparability of financial statements, but does not affect the value relevance of earnings per share due to comparability.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the audit expectation gap and investor confidence, also to investigate the role of the auditor’s improved level of communication on this relationship. To investigate this effect and a model with higher order constructs using a partial least-squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM), has been used. Based on a questionnaire survey with auditors and institutional investors, as one of the main users of audited financial statements, this study explored investors’ perceptions of both unreasonable and sensible audit expectation gaps (auditing performance and auditing standard gap) and the impact of auditor’s improved level of communication on this assessment. Based on the findings and values related to the path coefficients, audit quality and ensuring audit education have had a significant and positive effect on investor confidence. Also, a significant and negative relationship has been seen between the performance gap and the unreasonable audit gap with the level of investor confidence. Another finding of this study was the significant and positive effect of auditor’s improved level of communication on the relationship between the audit performance gap and the unreasonable audit gap with the level of investor confidence. Also, the calculation and analysis of fitness indicators using Smart-PLS software has confirmed the conformity of the conceptual framework and the experimental background with the results.

This study examines earnings quality in the relations network of the board of directors of companies in the Iranian stock market in the period 2011 to 2020. This study has a quantitative approach that is post-event in terms of implementation. Furthermore, it is based on graphic techniques on graph theory. Network analysis and regression analysis were used to conduct research tests. Findings showed that in the communication network of companies, some of them are in a better position and have more access and effectiveness. Better location can lead to easier access to information and resources faster. Also, the results of testing the hypotheses showed that there is no significant relationship between the betweenness centrality, and earnings quality. But there is a significant negative relationship between the degree centrality and earnings quality and a significant positive relationship between the closeness centrality, and the earnings quality. In other words, it can be said that the position in the structure of relationships can somehow affect earnings quality of companies.

The present study investigates the effect of ownership structure in adjusting relationship between related party transactions and unexpected audit fees in loss-making companies. In this way and order to achieve research objectives; Data of 71 companies were extracted for a ten-year period from the beginning of 2010 to the end of 2019, the research variables were calculated and the necessary statistical tests were performed. The method of this research is descriptive-correlational and its design is experimental using post-event approach. The Results Findings There is a positive and significant relationship between transactions with related parties and unexpected audit fees, and the independence of board of directors and duality of CEO's role have a significant effect on this relationship. On the other hand, the size of the board and CEO stability; They had no significant effect on this relationship. Conclusion say Transactions with related parties increase the unexpected costs of auditing and the independence of the board of directors and the duality of the role of the CEO reduce the relationship between transactions with related parties and unexpected auditing costs.