مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال سی‌ام شماره 3 (پیاپی 187، خرداد 1401)

Biomarkers would significantly improve the early detection of the disease and identification of individuals at risk of emerging complications. Diabetes mellitus is a group of diverse and complex metabolic disorders. Both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus are associated with distinct alterations in the profile of MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in the blood, which are sometimes detectable several years before the disease manifests. Lately, considerable attention has been paid to the role of miRNAs as biomarkers for T2D. The aim of this study was to review the expression of different miRNAs in pre-diabetic (per-T2D), T2D and healthy groups.

After evaluating several articles, including main articles, meta-analysis and review studies, it was found that the expression of micRNAs was statistically different in healthy, pre-T2D and T2D groups. In addition, the expression of specific miRNAs is useful in preventing disease and modifying gene structure.This study indicated that the plasma expression level of miRNAs could be considered as a non-invasive and fast tool for the separation of pre-T2D individuals from their healthy counterparts.

Recent studies have contradictory reports of the overall prevalence of restless legs syndrome in hemodialysis patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to help eliminate ambiguity about the prevalence of restless legs syndrome in Iranian hemodialysis patients by systematic review and meta-analysis study.

This study was performed based on PRISMA checklist. Documents were obtained from English and Persian databases such as Magiran, Sid, Medilib, Iranmedex, Irandoc, CIVILICA, ISC, Pubmed, Scopus, Springer, and Google Scholar Engine from 2000 to 2021. All reviewed articles with selection criteria were evaluated qualitatively with the STROBE checklist. Comprehensive Meta-analysis (CMA-2) software was used to analyze the data by meta-analysis random effects method.

Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in the patients under hemodialysis was estimated to be 49.6% (95% CI: 39.9-59.3) in 13 studies with 2431 Iranian samples that 62.3% of whom were men. The prevalence of this disorder was 54.2% in Iranian women (95% CI: 41.7-66.3) and 43.5% in Iranian men (95% CI: 31.6-56.3). The most and least prevalence of restless legs syndrome in hemodialysis patients was respectively in Yazd (66.4%) and in Tehran (35.3%). In addition, regression analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between sex, urban areas, sample size and age of patients with restless legs syndrome.

The prevalence of restless legs syndrome is high in Iranian hemodialysis patients, which early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of this disorder in adults seems necessary.

Meningioma is a benign tumor of the brain, which shows a good response to treatment, surgery and benign pathology, but there is a possibility of recurrence. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between recurrent meningioma risk factors and the rate of meningioma recurrence in Yazd City.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed on all the patients who have surgery for meningioma in Shahid Rahnemoun and Mortaz Hospitals in Yazd City for 10 years. Patient's information, including age, sex, size, grade, diseases and bone changes were extracted from the patients' records. After determining the recurrence status of the disease, information was entered into SPSS version 16 software for Chi-square, Anova and T-test.

The most common meningioma was in the age group of 50 to 70 years. In this study, out of 300 patients with meningioma who underwent surgery, 50 (16.7%) had a recurrence of the disease. The recurrence rate was significantly associated with meningioma size, disease grade, and radiotherapy and diabetes (P <0.05). The recurrence rate in this study decreased with the increasing age of the patients.

According to the results, considering factors such as age, disease grade, tumor size, radiotherapy and diabetes, which are important predictors of disease recurrence, in managing meningioma patients after surgery and identifying high-risk individuals for disease recurrence are helpful. In the following, due to the involvement of effective factors in the disease, more extensive and retrospective studies are recommended.

Empathy reduces the inherent anxiety of dental care procedures and can increase the patient's satisfaction with the services provided. On the other hand, The absence of positive empathic attitude in dental practitioners is one of the most important issues in dental care services The aim of this study was to determine the attitude of undergraduate dental students and interns toward empathy and association factors in Islamic Azad University of Tehran - dental branch in 2020.

In this cross-sectional study, 274 people of dental undergraduate students and interns of Islamic Azad University of Tehran - dental branch were chosen. For data collection, demographic and the Persian translation of Jefferson empathy questionnaire were used. SPSS version 16, one-way ANOVA and correlation coefficients were used for data analyses.

255 approved questionnaires were returned. Among the factors studied, three factors (age, gender, previous clinical activity) had statistically significant impact on empathy. Age was inversely related to empathy score (P = 0.02) and empathy score was higher in women than men and this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.034). Students with more previous clinical activities scored higher empathy numbers (P=0/004). Other factor's impact on empathy were not statistically significant (P>0/05).

This study found that The average score obtained by students and professional assistants seems to indicate that they have acceptable levels of ethical commitment. Emphasis is placed on ethical policies to increase empathy.

Photothermal therapy is a method of cancer treatment that plasmonic nanoparticles are used to convert infrared light into local heat. Due to the plasmonic properties of gold nanoparticles, this compound was used as a contrast agent. The aim of this study was to synthesize gold nanoparticles with different conjugations for photothermal therapy.

This research was an experimental study. The method used for the synthesis of spherical and rod gold nanoparticles in this research was the Seeding Method. The nanoparticles were then conjugated with various compounds such as rifampicin, quercetin and RGD. Then, the physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles were determined by DLS, UV-Vis and TEM methods. Cytotoxicity test was also performed on MCF-7 ((Michigan Cancer Foundation-7)) cell line. Cell viability was calculated using prism software. Differences were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS version 16 software.

In the UV test, two-peaked rod nanoparticles were observed in the range of 523 and 738 nm, and in the case of spherical nanoparticles at 535 wavelengths, which indicates the correct synthesis without impurities and with the appropriate size .In the cell test, a decrease in cell viability was observed compared to the control group. In the first 24 hours, spherical nanoparticles had the highest lethality to the point that at a concentration of 20 μg / ml, it had almost 50% lethality. In addition, after 48 hours at low concentrations, rod nanoparticles showed better results, so they were more suitable. By targeting these nanoparticles to specific cancer cells, in addition to being used to kill cancer cells, the effect of these nanoparticles on healthy cells can be prevented. By conjugating different compounds on the surface of these nanoparticles, cell uptake can also be increased and cancer cells can be killed using photothermal therapy.

According to the results obtained in this study, it seems that low-concentration of gold nano-rods are more suitable for photothermal therapy.

Particulate matter (PM) increases the risk of heart disorders. Gallic acid (GA) with strong antioxidant properties has shown an effective role in reducing the complications of various diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of Gallic acid in preventing cardiac arrhythmias due to exposure to particulate matter.

In this study, 40 rats were placed in 4 groups including: control, Particulate matter (5 mg/kg), Gallic acid (30 mg/kg) and particulate matter + Gallic acid. The rats were anesthetized, blood pressure was measured with a tail cuff, and the lead Π of electrocardiogram was examined to record the prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias. Oxidative stress factors were evaluated in blood samples of all groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 and ANOVA statistical test.

The results showed the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmia in rats exposed to particulate matter compared to the control group. Gallic acid significantly reduced the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias ventricular tachycardia (P=0.006), ventricular fibrillation (P=0.0005) and premature ventricular contraction (P=0.0041) in the particulate matter group. The Malondialdehyde levels in the particulate matter group showed a significant increase (P=0.0049) that this increase caused oxidative stress and reduced the levels of superoxide dismutase (P=0.00031) and catalase (P=0.0019) in the particulate matter group compared to the control group. The Gallic acid administration improved the levels of antioxidant enzymes.

The results of this study show that Gallic acid as a natural antioxidant agent could prevent cardiac complications caused by exposure to particulate matter.

Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is one of the assisted reproductive techniques, which increases the likelihood of egg being exposed to sperm in the uterus and thus the chances of pregnancy. The purpose of the present study was to compare the efficiency of the Masstec catheter (the internal product) with imported catheter (PMIU) so that, if similar, use domestic production as an alternative to imported.

This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial continuous sampling method performed in Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Isfahan between 2016-2017. In this study, out of 62 infertile couples, 30 used catheters (Masstec), produced by Salamat Yar Hakim Engineering Company - Iran, and 32 imported catheters (PMIU), produced by Ellios BioTek – France. Primary outcomes included difficulty in catheter placement, the need to use a tenaculum, and the need for cervical dilatation during IUI. Secondary outcomes included chemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, and abortion. The data were analyzed using Chi-square, t-test and logistic regression.

Fisher exact test results showed no significant difference in primary outcome between the two groups (P>0.05). Secondary outcomes, including chemical, clinical and abortion rates were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05). Efficacy and side effects of Masstec IUI catheter were not different from PMIU catheter.

Our study showed that the efficacy and side effects of the Masstec IUI catheter were not different from PMIU catheter. Given the similar efficacy and side effects and lower cost of the IUI catheter produced by the local company than the imported catheter, the use of local catheter is recommended for IUI candidate patients.

Fear of dentistry causes problems for the patient and the dentist and can reduce the pain threshold, use fewer services or avoid treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate fear of obtaining dental services and related causes in medical students of Shahid SadoughiUniversity of Medical Sciences inYazd City in 2020.

191 students participated in this descriptive-analytical study. The dental fear survey (DFS) and a questionnaire to assess the causes of dental fear were used. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software, ANOVA and T-tests.

The results showed that dental students had the lowest level of fear and nursing students had the highest level of fear. Fear of dentistry was higher in women than men and the average fear score decreased among the students in higher semesters (fifth semester students) (P<0/05). Fear of dentistry was related to some factors such as economic status, oral health, history of anxiety disorders and the time since the last visit (P = 0.001).  The most common factors influencing this fear were corona fear, dental work with pain, needle fear, price fear, and turbine fear.  

Fear of obtaining dental services was influenced by major, gender, semester, time since the last visit to the dentist, history of anxiety disorders, economic status and oral hygiene among medical students, but marital status had no effect on the level of fear.