مجله مراقبت پرستاری و مامایی ابن سینا
سال سی‌ام شماره 1 (پیاپی 81، زمستان 1400)

In nursing, an appropriate level of ethical reasoning leads to the provision of better quality care to patients and an increase in job satisfaction among nurses. Professional values are important parts of this profession, and nurses are obliged to adjust their activities in accordance with these values. This study aimed to investigate the level of ethical reasoning and attitude of professional values in final year nursing students of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran, in 2020.

The present descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 125 senior undergraduate nursing students by census method. The data collection tool was a three-part questionnaire consisting of a demographic information form, Nursing Dilemma Test, and Nurses Professional Values Scale-Revised
Questionnaire. Questionnaires were distributed in person and electronically. Data analysis was performed in SPSS 26 software.

Data analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between ethical reasoning and professional values (r=0.023, P=0.79). The mean score of students' moral reasoning was reported to be above average (46.4±6.84). Moreover, the mean score of students' professional values was obtained at a desirable level (96.84±9.28).

Although there was no significant relationship between students' moral reasoning and professional values, to raise the level of moral reasoning and institutionalize professional values in students, it is essential to have an educational plan in college.

Considering the importance of respecting the rights and satisfaction of patients, as well as the destructive role of anxiety in patients' recovery processes, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of regular nursing rounds based on ethical care on the level of satisfaction and anxiety of hospitalized patients.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a pre-test-post-test design in Fatemieh Hospital in Hamadan, Iran. A total of 100 hospitalized patients were assigned to two groups of control and intervention (n=50 in each group), and patients in the intervention group received a clinical round based on ethical care, in addition to routine care. The control group also received routine care. Finally, the difference between the mean scores of satisfaction of nursing services and the anxiety of the two groups before and after the intervention was analyzed in SPSS V.20 software using descriptive and inferential tests.

The two groups of intervention and control were not statistically significant in terms of underlying variables and disease and were homogeneous. In the intervention group after receiving the relevant training, anxiety decreased and the level of patients' satisfaction with the quality of nursing care increased significantly, as compared to patients in the control group; therefore, the intervention was effective (P<0.001).

Considering the effect of clinical rounds based on ethical care on anxiety and patients' satisfaction with the quality of nursing care, it is recommended to be used as an intervention in therapeutic wards.

In January 2020, the outbreak of the COVID-19 disease was declared an international health crisis by the World Health Organization (WHO). Nurses are mostly in close contact with patients during hospitalization. Since nursing students provide patient care alongside nurses, the discovery of nursing students’ lived experiences of caring for COVID-19 patients is of paramount importance in the effective management of the disease. The present study aimed to assess nursing students' experiences of caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19.

This qualitative study was performed by the hermeneutic phenomenological method in 2021. Samples were selected from nursing students with experience of caring for Covid-19 patients in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected through semi-structured and individual interviews and analyzed simultaneously and continuously by the Van Manen method.

Nursing students' lived experiences in caring for Covid-19 patients included three main categories and seven subcategories: 1) conflicting emotions (anxiety, mental involvement, and maturity), 2) psychosomatic problems (sleep disorders, skin problems, and neurological problems), and 3) self-awareness and empowerment (efforts made in patient care, striving for self-preservation).

As evidenced by the results of the present study, nursing students experienced anxiety, stress, and mental preoccupation in caring for a patient with Covid-19. On the other hand, participants were satisfied and proud of being able to provide patient care during this period.
In this regard, students gained experience in caring for themselves and patients strived to reduce stress and provide proper care. According to the findings of this study, the education system and university administrators can help reduce psychological stress and improve the quality of care in nursing students through holding web-based courses on stress management skills, training on the use of personal protective equipment, and observing health protocols.

Depression is a multifactorial psychological disorder that is caused by various factors, such as personality, cognition, or interpersonal relationships. In people with depression, the level of interpersonal communication is highly low. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy and Compassion-Focused Therapy on interpersonal communication between couples with depression.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest design with a control group and follow-up. The statistical population of the study consisted of couples with depression referring to clinics in District 1 of Mashhad, Iran, among whom, 45 samples were included in the study using inclusion criteria and a purposive random sampling method. Subsequently, they were randomly assigned to the groups of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy, Compassion-Focused Therapy, and the control group (n=15 pairs each). The first intervention group participated in six 90-120-minute sessions per week for the Solution-Focused Brief Therapy training program and the second intervention group took part in eight -120-minute sessions weekly for the Compassion-Focused Therapy training program. No intervention was performed for the control group. The tool employed to collect the required data was Matson's Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters. The research data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 24) using analysis of covariance, Lamtrix post hoc test, Scheffe post hoc test, and analysis of variance. The significance level was analyzed as α = 0.05.

Descriptive findings showed that the mean scores of the variable interpersonal relationships in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages were obtained respectively at 44.32±4.68, 45.51±4.50, and 42.32±4.12 for the control group; 45.53±4.77, 59.32±5.93, and 67.18±6.75 for the Solution-Focused Brief Therapy group; and 43.19±4.62, 63.74±6.04, and 73.22±7.39 for the Compassion-Focused Therapy group. The results of comparing the groups showed that Solution-Focused Brief Therapy and Compassion-Focused Therapy had significant effects on the interpersonal relationships between couples with depression (P<0.05). Moreover, there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy and Compassion-Focused Therapy on the interpersonal communications between couples with depression (P<0.05).

The results showed that short-term Solution-Focused Brief Therapy and Compassion-Focused Therapy were effective on the interpersonal relationships of couples with depression. Therefore, based on the results of the present study, it is suggested that family counselors and couple therapists use the methods and practices of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy and Compassion-Focused Therapy to improve the level of interpersonal relationships between depressed couples.

Sleep hygiene can affect the quality and duration of sleep and is related to psychological symptoms. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the relationship of sleep hygiene with job burnout and sleep attitudes among nurses.

The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional correlational study. The statistical population included all nurses in the city of Kerman, Iran, in 2021, among whom, 152 samples were selected using a convenience sampling method and inclusion criteria. The tools employed to collect the required data consisted of a demographic information form, the Sleep Hygiene Practices Scale (SHPS), Charlotte Attitudes Towards Sleep Scale, and Maslach Burnout Inventory. Higher scores in SHPS were indications of lower sleep hygiene. The gathered data were analyzed in SPSS-21 using descriptive indexes, Pearson’s correlation, and multivariate regression.

Male and female participants accounted for 40.1% (n=61) and 59.9% (n=91) of the population, respectively. The results indicated that sleep hygiene had negative, medium, and significant (0.41-0.47) correlations with attitudes towards sleep (and its subscales) and positive, medium, and significant relationships with job burnout (and its subscales) (0.41-0.66; P<0.01). Moreover, according to the regression calculations, sleep hygiene could be predicted in nurses by the subscales of attitudes towards sleep (negatively) and job burnout (positively) (P<0.01).

The subscales of attitudes towards sleep and job burnout were important predictors of sleep hygiene. Therefore, it is suggested that relevant organizations take into account and consider nurses' sleep issues, so that suitable programs can be designed and performed.

One of the factors affecting the mental health of people is their job. Nursing is a source of stress due to the stress in its nature. Although the common goal of all psychotherapy approaches is to promote mental health, the results of studies have shown that there is a significant difference between them in terms of effectiveness. Therefore, the selection of the best psychological treatment to promote nurses' mental health has always been important.

In this quasi-experimental study, 45 nurses working in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Songor, Kermanshah Province, Iran, in the first half of 2020 were randomly selected and divided into three groups (n=15 each). The first group participated in twelve 90-minute training sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy (two sessions per week), and the second group took part in twelve 90-minute training sessions of emotion regulation therapy (two sessions weekly). However, the control group did not receive any treatment. The results were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and emotion regulation therapy on the dependent variables of aggression (P=0.04), job stress (P=0.03), and general health (P=0.01) was significant. Pairwise comparison of the groups for dependent variables indicated that regarding the aggression variable, emotion regulation therapy based on was more effective (P=0.01), and considering the job stress variable, cognitive-behavioral therapy was more effective (P=0.04). It was also revealed that cognitive-behavioral therapy and emotion regulation therapy had the same effect on the general health of nurses (P=0.08).

According to the obtained results, health officials should pay more attention to the mental health of nurses and, by considering both treatments, provide the ground to increase cognition and promote excitement in nurses.

Obesity surgery is the most effective treatment for obese people. Patients are exposed to various painful therapeutic interventions during hospitalization; moreover, postoperative pain is a common complaint among these patients. The present study aimed to compare the effect of reflexology massage and aromatherapy of rose on the severity of pain in women undergoing gastric bypass surgery in Amin Hospital of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 1400.

Thie current study was conducted based on a quasi-experimental design. The statistical population included women undergoing gastric bypass surgery in Amin Hospital affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 1400. The participants were selected by the available sampling method and the sample size was calculated at 31 cases in each group. The instrument used to determine pain intensity was the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). In the reflexology group, relaxation techniques were used for six minutes and the massage was then used to reduce pain. In aromatherapy, two drops of rose oil were poured on a sterile gauze and the patient was asked to inhale it from a distance of 7-10 cm for 20 min. In both groups, pain intensity was measured using the VAS immediately before and after the intervention. All obtained information was analyzed in SPSS software (version 26) using descriptive statistics(mean, standard deviation, and frequency) and analytical statistics ( Kolmogorov-Smirnov, paired t-test, and independent t-test).

The results of the analysis demonstrated that at a 95% confidence level in both reflexology and aromatherapy groups, the mean pain intensity before the intervention was higher than that after the intervention (P<0.001). The comparison of the difference between the mean pain intensity before and after the intervention in the two groups under study pointed out that this difference was significantly higher in the group under reflexology massage (P<0.001).

As evidenced by the results of the present study, reflexology massage is more effective than aromatherapy in the reduction of pain in women undergoing gastric bypass surgery. The use of this treatment is recommended to all members of the treatment team.

Leukemia refers to one of the most prevailed childhood malignancies. Mothers are the first caregivers of children with leukemia, experiencing a bunch of challenges in dealing with the numerous problems and duties caused by their children’s illness. This study aimed to determine the effect of implementing the Orem self-care model on health-promoting behaviors of mothers having children with leukemia referring to the pediatric ward of Seyed Al-Shohada Hospital in Isfahan city, Iran, in 2021.

This quasi-experimental study investigated 32 mothers having children with leukemia referring to the pediatric ward of Seyed Al-Shohada Hospital, who were selected by the available sampling method according to the study’s inclusion criteria. The tools employed to collect the required data were a demographic information form, Walker’s Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile, and a needs assessment based on the Orem model, measured at two stages of before and after the implementation of the Orem self-care model. In accordance with the mothers’ needs, a supportive training program was designed and implemented in-person and individually for a total of 8 h in 4 sessions held once a week. Furthermore, an educational pamphlet was designed and they were provided to the participants. During the intervention, the research samples were communicated by telephone and in-person and were checked about the way of performing and applying the given pieces of training. Any problem in any of the units was solved in case of presence. In the next step, after 1 month of self-care training, the researcher completed the standard Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile again after 1 week. In the end, the collected data were analyzed in SPSS20 statistical software using both descriptive and inferential levels.

The results revealed that in the dimensions of self-fulfillment, accountability, interpersonal support, stress management, exercise, nutrition, and health-promoting index, the mean scores of maternal health-promoting behaviors were significantly higher after implementing the Orem self-care model, compared to the score before implementing the model (P<0.001).

According to the findings, it may be claimed that the implementation of the Orem self-care model affected the health-promoting behaviors of mothers having children with leukemia. Consequently, it is necessary to adopt supportive-educational measures based on the Orem model in the relevant centers according to the mothers’ needs.