Leaving service by employees has many direct and indirect consequences and costs for the health system, and it is important to study and recognize it. The tendency to leave service is the best predictor of actual service left. In this study, we aimed to determine the organizational factors related to the tendency of non-governmental health workers to leave the service in the suburbs of Mashhad.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 323 health workers in 2018-2019. Data collection was performed by a researcher-made questionnaire included demographic characteristics, three dimensions of work environment, job demand, and social support. Research data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics

The tendency to leave the service was about 64%. The mean score of work environment, job demand, and social support of organizational dimensions related to the tendency to leave were 45.95, 39.92, and 38.49, respectively. The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that with one unit increase in the scores of work environment, labor demand, and social support, provided that other variables are constant, the chances of leaving the service were reduced 0.923, ,0.899 and 0.876, respectively. (P <0.001).

In conclusion, clear job descriptions, appropriate salar,y and benefits considering to the type of work and workload, reducing ambiguity and role conflict, increasing job diversity, increasing authority, opportunities for advancement, supportive leadership can lead to increased job satisfaction and consequently, increase the tendency to stay and reduce the tendency to leave service.

Marriage is an important social phenomenon that plays a critical role in the dimensions of human life and their perspectives about marriage predict the actual behavior in marriage, which is influenced by several factors; Therefore, this study was conducted to explain the views of young girls towards marriage.

This research is a study with a qualitative approach in which 18 girls about to get married and 4 mothers, and 4 fathers were selected based on purpose and with maximum diversity. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, organized in Word format, and analyzed by conventional content analysis.

22 participants were female and 4 were male. Regarding the views of girls and parents about marriage, the two themes of meeting needs, family factors, and subclasses of economic, physical, emotional, social, cultural, and ideological factors were extracted. Most of the participants had a positive view of the phenomenon of marriage and considered it an important factor in the intellectual and social maturity of individuals and contributing to the health of society.

Although factors such as economic status, sexual and emotional needs, religious beliefs, and friends have played an important role in young people's tendency to marry; some parents believed that their marriage should be facilitated for the health of the community and the youth.

Self-related health is one of the common indicators of measuring the overall health of populations in a community. This study aimed to determine the status of self-expression and the most critical factors related to it in the elderly in Hamadan.

The present study is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2020 by stratified cluster sampling. In this regard, the information of 330 older adults referring to 12 comprehensive health service centers in Hamadan was collected by trained questionnaires using the self-rated health questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analytical statistical tests with STATA 14 software at a 95% confidence level.

In this study, the mean age of the elderly was 62.27 ± 6 6.72 years. 43% (144 people) reported their health status as good and very good. Employed elderly had the highest (3.55 ± 0.77), and unemployed elderly (3.11 ± 0.85) had the lowest mean health (P = 0.002). The married elderly had higher mean health (3.43 vs. 2.90) than the unmarried elderly (P= 0.007). Also, increasing education and life satisfaction were expressed along with increasing their average health score (P = 0.052 and P <0.001, respectively).

The perceived health of the elderly is mainly affected by adjusted factors such as education, marital status, having several children appropriate to socio-economic status, and life satisfaction. Therefore, to improve the qual related life to health, policymakers must pay special attention elderly who report their health status as bad or very bad.

Undoubtedly, some factors as barriers or facilitator are effective in integrating complementary therapies with the professional practice of nurses. The present study aimed to determine the nurses' views on challenges and facilitators of integrating complementary therapies with routine nursing care. 

This descriptive- cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 nurses working in educational hospitals affiliated to Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of three parts: demographic characteristics, challenges and facilitators of integration of complementary therapies in nursing practice. The questionnaire was used after confirming its validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α=0/85)). The response of questions was ranked on a 4-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (v. 22.0) using descriptive statistics.

The most important challenges declared by nurses were lack of specific guidelines (89%), insufficient knowledge and skills (87%), Low support and participation of physicians and nursing managers (87%) and insufficient scientific evidence (86%). Continuing training courses, creating a supportive environment, and developing practical guidelines were identified as the most important facilitating factors.

According to the study results, it seems that the requisite for integration of complementary therapies with nursing practice is to address the challenges based on the proposed facilitators.

Job stress can be considered as a combination of stressors. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between occupational stressors and demographic variables in the staff of Gorgan health network in 2021.

In this cross-sectional study, 192 employees of comprehensive urban and rural health centers, health centers and health centers participated in the study. In this study, stratified random sampling method was used. A valid and reliable Job Stress Scale  questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed by SPSS-23 software using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests.

Of the total staff, 59.9% were women, 34.4% were in the age group of 31-40 years, 68.8% were married and 50% had a bachelor's degree. The highest score was in the role dimension (3.86± 0.80) and the lowest score was in the relationship dimension (2.40± 0.78). The overall score of job stress was 22.06± 2.65. Only between the age group and the amount of job stress in the staff of health centers in Gorgan in 1400 was observed a significant relationship (P = 0.032). Also, other demographic variables had no significant relationship with job stress (P>0.05).

The results of the present study showed the average level of the overall score of the occupational stressors scale in the staff of health centers. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the prevalence of mental disorders and identify the factors affecting it in employees and take the necessary interventions to improve their mental status and prevent its increase and prevalence.

Today in most societies, aging is an important issue. Researchers emphasize the positive effect of resilience on the well-being and health of the elderly, so finding a relationship between resilience and the components that are most closely related to it is very important. This study aimed to determine the relationship between health literacy and resilience with the mediating role of self-admission in the elderly.

The research was the descriptive-correlational method. The statistical population includes 110 people over 65 years of age who are members of Sari World Visitors House in 1399. 85 people were selected as a sample using a simple Krejcie and Morgan table. The research instruments include the Chamberlain and Hague Self-Admission Questionnaire (2001), Health Literacy Assessment of Iran's Urban Population (Montazeri et al., 2014), and Connor and Davidson Resilience Questionnaire (2003). Structural equation modeling and PLS 3 software were used to analyze the data.

Statistical analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between health literacy and self-acceptance, between health literacy and resilience, between self-acceptance and resilience, and between health literacy and resilience with the mediating role of self-acceptance in the elderly (P-value = 0/00).

By promoting health literacy and improving their admission capacity the elderly, their sense of self can be improved and their resilience can be increased.

Increasing the rate of cesarean section is a major public health problem; Because cesarean section threathened mothers and infant's health. Also, the cost of health care is higher compared to natural childbirth. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitude of nulliparous women towards the type of delivery in patients referred to Ganjavian Hospital in Dezful.

The present study is a cross-sectional study that was conducted on 425 primiparous women over 18 years of age whose gestational age was between 28-40 weeks of gestation that whom referred to the midwifery clinic of Ganjavian Hospita. Data collection tool in this study was a three-part questionnaire including demographic characteristics, the questions on knowledge and attitude towards CS and normal vaginal delivery. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by content validity method and the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by retest. The questionnaire was completed through interviews. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 22 software.

The results of the present study showed that the mean and standard deviation of the age of primiparous women was 24.6 ± 5.4 and the mean gestational age was 39 weeks. About natural childbirth, 28.9% of primiparous women had poor knowledge, 66.2% had intermediate knowledge and 4.9% had good knowledge. About cesarean section, 24.9% had poor knowledge, 68.9% had intermediate knowledge and 6.2% had good knowledge. In addition, regarding the attitude towards natural childbirth, 2% had a neutral attitude, 98% had a positive attitude, and none of them had a negative attitude. Regarding the attitude towards cesarean section, 19.7% had a neutral attitude, 79.8% had a positive attitude and 0.5% had a negative attitude. In this study, there were significant relationships between mother's age (p = 0.049, r = 0.131), gestational age (p = 0.044, r = 0.129), number of pregnancy visits (p = 0.052, 0.119) r = and the degree of knowledge about cesarean section and also, there were significant relationships between location of residence (p = 0.048, r = 0.126), gestational age (p = 0.007, r = 0.613), level of education (p = 0.080,  r = 0.092), the number of pregnancy visits (p = 0.001, r = 0.034) and the attitude towards normal delivery. In addition, there was a statistically significant relationship between sources of getting information (p = 0.014, r = 0.161), level of education (p = 0.000, r = 0.165) and attitudes toward cesarean section. In the present study, there was no statistically significant relationship between degree of knowledge about the type of delivery and attitudes toward the type of delivery.

Considering the positive attitude of pregnant women towards both natural childbirth and cesarean section, it seems that appropriate educational interventions along with empowerment programs can be effective in women's decision-making in choosing natural childbirth as the first preference for childbirth.

The Covid-19 crisis in most countries has been accompanied by economic downturns in businesses as well as economic pressure on the health care system, and has put additional economic pressure on the government and the people. One way out of this crisis and to reduce the long-term effects of the Covid-19 is to harness the potential of NGOs and charities. The purpose of this study is to review the activities of NGOs and charities in the Covid-19 economic crisis.

For conducting the current review article, Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, Scopus databases were searched. Keywords included NGOs, charities, economic crisis, Covid-19. The main inclusion criteria included documents that had the above-mentioned keywords and were relevant to the purpose of the present study.

The results of the review showed that non-governmental organizations can play an important role in various matters such as prevention of Covid-19, providing consulting services, training, financial support and providing medical and food facilities.

The long-term complications of COVID-19 patients can be examined medically, psychologically, and economically, among which low-income, uninsured and homeless people. Therefore, it is essential to use the capacities of NGOs and donors in the form of a program to prevent and manage the long-term effects of COVID-19. In this study, practical solutions to reduce the long-term effects of COVID-19 will be discussed.

The prevalence of mediastinal masses is variable. These lumps can be diagnosed accidentally on a CT scan or chest x-ray and can range from benign to malignant.

The patient was a 74-year-old man without a history of previous illness who had referred to the emergency department of Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad with a complaint of nausea and vomiting. Chest flattening of the mediastinum was observed and then a CT scan of the chest was requested for the patient. Finally, the necessary treatments were started for the patient with a diagnosis of lymphoma.

Mediastinal masses can be diagnosed accidentally in people who undergo imaging evaluations for other reasons such as CT scan or chest radiograph and can be a good cause. ‌ Malignant such as substernal thyroid to malignant causes such as lymphoma, thymus cancer and germ cell masses. With proper history and physical examination and evaluation of signs and symptoms related to the mass, the correct diagnosis can be achieved for the patient.