پژوهشنامه جغرافیای انتظامی
پیاپی 36 (زمستان 1400)

Execution of any type of urban development project by urban management can have different effects on the identification and security of urban spaces. One of the new mechanisms to reduce the consequences and strengthen the positive effects of urban projects and the identification of urban spaces is the preparation and use of socio-cultural attachment (ATAF). This research is descriptive-analytical with the aim of investigating and evaluating the socio-cultural effects of project implementation on the identification of spaces and urban security. The method of data collection is both field and library. The statistical population of those neighborhoods is two districts 6 and 12 of Tehran metropolis. The sample size was selected based on Cochran's formula to 232 people. In data analysis, test-t test and linear regression were used. The result of the study shows that the performance of urban management is directly effective in identifying urban spaces and its security, and the cultural factor compared to the social factor, has the greatest impact on the identity of urban spaces and improving the welfare and quality of life of citizens. It also provides a healthy and safe environment.

One of the unfortunate consequences of the migration of villagers from different parts of the province to the city of Zanjan is the formation of informal settlements. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of mobbing on the formation of defenseless spaces in the informal settlement of Islamabad. The research method of this research is descriptive-analytical and the data are extracted by observation, field survey and review of documents. The statistical population is the collection of land uses and spaces in the informal settlement area of Islamabad in Zanjan in 1399 and examines the current situation in this neighborhood. In this research, the obtained information has been analyzed using AHP hierarchical analysis process and by Arc GIS, Expert choice statistical software. Finally, the findings of the study show that the situation of mobs and defenseless spaces in the northern areas of Islamabad neighborhood was unsuitable. Madani Street, which is the main street of this neighborhood, is in a better condition than other parts, and the further it goes to Ashrafi Isfahani Street, which is located in the southern part of this neighborhood, the less crowds and defenseless spaces there are, and the situation is relatively better. As a result, the Islamabad region is moving towards a kind of gap between the civil street (with its appearance and perfectly suitable condition) and the northern streets (unsuitable condition) in terms of mobility and defenseless atmosphere.

The city ، is a space for use by all classes of society، at different ages ، and different times ، throughout the day. Lack of security feeling among community women ، leads to Decrease their presence ، and reduce urban vitality. The purposes of this article is ، to evaluate the role of urban management on the women's sense of security in urban spaces ، in Tabriz and study ، The spatial measures that affect ، the promotion of security feelings from the women’s perspective. The aim of this study ، was to investigate the relationship between the role of urban management in increasing the sense of security of women. The sample was analyzed from the women living in Tabriz's two regions by responding to the questionnaires and the results ، were analyzed by SPSS statistical software , Analytical regression statistics . Anova level of significance .In this study Cronbach,s alpha coefficient was used to assess the reliacility of the questionnaires and the higher this coefficient is the more reliable the test. City management supports ، are effective in increasing women's environmental security.

Fear of crime Fear, social insecurity, panic and anxiety about oneself, family, relatives, friends and interactive networks (close-knit groups) in the face of environmental threats (strife, theft, murder, social harassment and victimization). They) refers. Fear of crime in Ardabil due to the prevalence of social problems and harms, more severe pain. Tunisian theory holds that the reason for fear of crime is the reduction of social belonging. The purpose of this study is to study the relationship between social belonging and fear of crime in Ardabil. The research method is survey (quantitative). The sample size was determined by sample powe equal to 278 people and was distributed among the citizens by random sampling method. The level of validity and reliability of the indicators has also been confirmed. The results show that with decreasing social belonging, fear of crime among residents also increases, as well as local cohesion with beta (-0.154), local participation (-0.203), neighborhood identity (-0.182), social awareness (-0.262) and Local trust with beta (-0.173) had a significant effect on fear of crime. Accordingly, by increasing social belonging (creating local and practical social institutions, defensible space in residential complexes and neighborhoods, creating a local board of trustees and neighborhood guards, re-creating environmental social capital and increasing interaction between law enforcement, public and private institutions with residents Creating new social control and collective defense through social commitment and collective sensitivity to social security) can reduce fear of crime.

The phenomenon of marginalization and Informal settlement is mentioned as a threat to the security of cities. Due to the importance of security and safety in human life, much research has been done in scientific and academic circles in recent decades. The multiplicity and variety of researches and the contradictory results of each may make the audience feel useless in conducting these researches.While conducting combined research such as meta-analysis Feeling needed to summarize the results of this research and avoid possible weaknesses in future research. The research method in the present study is meta-analysis and the statistical population includes books, articles and university dissertations that were written in the years 1384 to 1400 AD on the subject of crime and security in urban informal settlements. After refining the most important work done, finally 90 researches were selected and examined with a qualitative approach. The results of the analysis of the researches showed that the researches in the field of security in the urban informal settlements can be classified in the categories of "physical", "social", "economic" and "contextual". Physical variables were among the most variable that researchers have measured from various aspects of its relationship with the issue of security in urban informal settlements. In other words, from the perspective of the studied research, the contribution of physical and environmental abnormalities and land occupation security in reducing or increasing security in urban informal settlements is more than other variables.

field and target:Geotourism management and planning with a security approach is one of the main factors in the protection and sustainability of tourist geomorphities. Studies in this field have only introduced the attractions and finally evaluated the geomorphosites and have neglected to pay attention to their managerial, security and economic exploitation values. For this reason, the present study tries to study the issue of management in geotourism with the approaches of order and security in geomorphosites located in the karst area (caves in Qeshm Geopark) and to formulate an optimal management model.

Methodologically, this research is a combination of localized assessment methods, field studies and libraries.

In the absence of security, economic and cultural development resulting from the optimal management of geotourism in the study area will not be achieved. Accordingly, the research findings are in line with the process of developing and implementing a management model of geotourism in the karstic area of Qeshm Geopark caves, based on executive strategies and studies including identification, evaluation, management components, security

The results showed that the model of optimal security management of Gharnamkadan geosite, before setting the management components of natural and human geography of the area, it is necessary to first manage the components of order and security in this area, including measures in the field of operational security, human security, advertising and ... , the executor of important issue (the police force the Islamic Republic of Iran in Qeshm city) was the focus of the study.