فصلنامه مهارت آموزی
پیاپی 34 (زمستان 1399)

This research aimed to design the Vocational Qualifications Framework of trainers as well as determine the expected competencies of technical and vocational trainers. The type of research is applied in terms of purpose and it is a descriptive survey in terms of data collection. The research method is a combination of quantitative and qualitative studies. Data collection tools are documentary study, electronic questionnaire and interview. The reliability of the questionnaires was 0.985 and its validity was confirmed by experienced experts, trainers and experts of Technical and Vocational Education. The statistical population consisted of three groups including educators, experts and managers of instructor training centers and technical and vocational organizations, and foreign technical and vocational education experts related to the Technical and Vocational Education Organization. Content analysis was used to evaluate and analyze qualitative data, mean and standard deviation were used in quantitative data analysis in the data description section, and one-sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used in the inferential section. By content analysis, 112 statements of trainers' competencies including entrance competencies, general competencies and specialized qualifications were obtained. These statements were surveyed through questionnaires and interviews. The results of quantitative data analysis showed that all respondents, on average, strongly agreed with all the statements. The results of the Levin test showed that in any of the variables in all three groups, competencies were not significant and the hypothesis based on homogeneity of variance was confirmed and the results are reliable despite the inequality of the statistical population.

The purpose of this study was to provide a strategic business management model in private technical and vocational schools using interpretive structural modeling. The research method in this research is exploratory and applied in terms of purpose. The present study was conducted with a mixed approach. The required data were collected through library studies, interviews and distribution of questionnaires. The interviewees team included managers and experts of the Technical and Vocational Education Organization and managers and instructors of private technical and vocational schools in Golestan province, as well as theoretical experts including university professors in related fields. The number of experts was 25 based on theoretical saturation. Through qualitative content analysis, 12 components and 73 indicators were identified which were graded using interpretive structural modeling technique. According to the findings of this section, organizational attitude and management skills are at the seventh level, which is the lowest level of the model. The factor of creativity and innovation is at the sixth level, facilities and resilience at the fifth level, tuition and cost, advertising and marketing at the fourth level, apprentice value at the third level, human resource development at the second level, and finally efficiency, quality and competencies at the highest. Based on the research findings, it is suggested that technical and vocational education institutions use international service quality standards and existing models in this field to improve the quality of services of the institution under their supervision.

The purpose of the research is "the effectiveness of educational evaluations of skills in the second year of vocational high school from the perspective of experts and specialists" and the research method is mixed (quantitative-qualitative). In the quantitative part, a descriptive survey method; And for qualitative data analysis, thematic analysis method has been used. The statistical population included experts and teachers of exceptional education in Markazi province (N = 85) who were selected by simple random method and Cochran's formula, 70 people as a sample for the quantitative section. In order to collect data in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability of 0.794 was used. The data analysis method in this section was descriptive statistics (frequency percentage). The statistical population of the qualitative section consisted of experts and teachers of the second year of vocational high school. Using the "criterion-based purposeful sampling method" to the extent of theoretical saturation, 17 people were selected and data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The result showed that the input of this course is not measured due to lack of discipline and lack of attention to the abilities of students and also in the evaluations we see a significant gap between what is happening in the classroom with the final evaluation method and this causes Lack of sustainable learning promotes and enhances learners' learning.

In this research, a model for Entrepreneurship University based on future skills and jobs has been developed and validated. The research method in this article was mixed model research that based on grounded theory (by interviewing 20 experts in the field) and the quantitative method based on questionnaire taken from the indicators of the qualitative stage and based on valid 385 questionnaires. The research findings in the qualitative part showed that this model has 6 outcomes and 20 components. This set includes the "Entrepreneurial University for Future Skills and Careers", "Causal Conditions", "Background Conditions", "Intervention Factors", "Strategies" and "Consequences and Outcomes". The findings of the quantitative part also showed that factor loads of all indicators were higher than 0.4. The goodness indicators of the model fit also showed that the relative chi-square index value is less than 3 and the Adjusted Goodness of fit index (AGFI) and the adaptive fit index (CFI) have been above 0.7. The root mean square error approximation (RMSEA) was also less than 0.1.  Therefore, such a model has a good explanation in the statistical population. As a result, we can say that the University of Entrepreneurship can invest in future skills and work in developing and promoting entrepreneurship and retraining skills in order to carry out future activities. Therefore, creating a fundamental and structural change in other cases and pillars of the country's universities in order to move towards entrepreneurship based on future skills and work will cause the growth and development of the country.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the barriers to entrepreneurship of technical and professional trainees in Zahedan city. By studying the theoretical literature and research background and examining the way of monitoring the graduates of a number of large universities such as the University of Tehran, the variables of job achievement criteria; Features of technical and professional professors; Technical and vocational education and training program; The rules, relationships and structure governing technical and professional and the choice of skill field were identified as the most important factors in entrepreneurship of technical and professional trainees. In order to assess the status of variables in the real world, a questionnaire was designed and provided to a sample of 278 people who were selected by simple random sampling from a community of 1000 graduates of Zahedan Technical and Vocational Organization. The collected data were analyzed using one-sample t-test using SPSS software. The results show that in terms of participants in the present study, job achievement criteria, characteristics of technical and professional professors, program Technical and vocational education, laws, relationships and the governing structure of technical and professional, choosing a skill field is an obstacle for entrepreneurship of technical and vocational trainees in Zahedan city.

The purpose of this research, which has been done through research method, is to provide solutions to attract trainees and solve the existing problems in teaching 18-month plan courses. This research has conducted surveys of 18-month trainees over a long period of time. Then, by examining the existing problems and providing suggestions, a number of suggestions that can be implemented and planned, have been applied in subsequent periods. After reviewing the problems in the 18-month plan and conducting a survey of trainees, we came to the conclusion that the problems we listed at the beginning of the work in consultation with our colleagues in this area are largely correct and consistent with the trainees' opinions. Therefore, in consultation with our expert colleagues and implementers of the 18-month plan, we prepared a list of suggestions to solve the problems of these courses. Also, in order to analyze the information using descriptive statistics as well as qualitative reports that are the result of the instructor's experiences, the research findings are collected and the main methods of collecting information are the instructor's observations, interviews with trainees and also the use of trainees's surveys. The findings of this study show the process of improving the trainees' satisfaction with the 18-month plan training courses and increasing the interactions between the skills of the graduates of this course and industries.