فصلنامه روان شناسی بالینی
سال چهاردهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 53، بهار 1401)

Aging is one of the developmental stages of human life in which the latest human developmental developments take place. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of schema therapy on early maladaptive schemas and perceived stress in the elderly of day care centers.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group and a follow-up period. The statistical population was all the elderly in the day care centers of Mehr Pouyan in Gorgan. The participants with high levels of perceived stress were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The experimental group received 10 sessions of schema-therapy intervention, while the control group remained on the waiting list. The research instruments included the initial maladaptive schema questionnaire and perceived stress. Finally, the data were analyzed using the statistical method of analysis of covariance.

The results of this study showed that schematic therapy intervention led to a reduction in cognitive stress and maladaptive schemas in the experimental group (p <0.001). And this effectiveness remained constant in the follow-up phase.

The results showed that the use of schema therapy can be a way to reduce perceived stress and early maladaptive schemas in the elderly

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of dialectical behavior therapy combined with medication and medication on emotion regulation, self-control and cognitive flexibility in people with bipolar disorder.

Which is a quasi-experimental method with pre-test design, dual post-test. The statistical population consisted of all patients with a definite diagnosis of bipolar disorder hospitalized in Ibn Sina Hospital in Mashhad in 2020, 30 of whom were selected by available sampling method based on inclusion criteria and randomly divided into two groups of 15 people A and B experiments. Were. Both groups completed the Garnfsky Emotional Regulation Questionnaire, Dennis et al. Cognitive Flexibility, and Tanji et al. Self-Control Questionnaire. During the same period, experimental group B used only lithium carbonate. Both groups completed the above tests again and analysis of covariance was used to deduce the hypothesis.

The results showed that the difference between dialectical behavior therapy and drug therapy There is a difference in emotion regulation, self-control and cognitive flexibility in people with bipolar disorder and the effect of dialectical behavior therapy is greater with medication (P˂ 0.01).

The results of this study show that this therapeutic approach can be used in combination with medication to reduce the problems of bipolar patients.Keywords: Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Drug Therapy, Emotion Regulation, Self-Control, Cognitive Flexibility, Bipolar Disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is one of the most common psychological disorders in adolescents with a relatively high prevalence. This disorder causes a lot of social and economic costs for the affected people and society and affects their social, educational and occupational functions. The aim of this study was to explain the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder based on psychological flexibility and metacognitive beliefs with the mediating role of mindfulness.

The present study was cross-sectional and correlational. 225 male and female high school students in Aleshtar city in the academic year 1397-98 were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. Data collection tools were metacognition questionnaire, obsessive-compulsive disorder questionnaire, acceptance and practice questionnaire and mindfulness questionnaire. Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equations were used to analyze the findings.

The evaluation of the model showed the acceptable fit of the hypothetical model.The results of model analysis showed that the predictor variables of psychological flexibility and metacognitive beliefs were directly and indirectly mediated by the awareness of mindfulness on the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder had a significant effect (p <0.01). Also, the variable of mindfulness had a direct and significant effect on obsessive-compulsive disorder (p <0.01).

The results indicate that psychological flexibility and adjustment of dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs can reduce the symptoms of obsession, and Meanwhile, mindfulness as a mediating variable is part of the process of reducing obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

According to research findings, one of the effective cognitive factors in the formation and continuation of academic procrastination is their initial maladaptive schemas. Another group of studies supports the role of metacognitive beliefs and cognitive flexibility in reducing academic procrastination. In this regard, the present study was conducted to evaluate the structural model of academic procrastination based on early maladaptive schemas and to investigate the mediating effects of cognitive flexibility and metacognitive beliefs.

The participants of this study were 294 students in Tehran who were selected by available sampling method through cyberspace. Data were collected using Academic Procrastination Questionnaire (APS), Young's Early maladaptive Schema Short Form, Cognitive Flexibility (CFI) and Wells Metacognitive Beliefs, and analyzed using SPSS and PLS software.

The findings of the study showed a significant relationship between the total score of academic procrastination and early maladaptive schemas, components of cognitive flexibility and some components of metacognitive beliefs. The results of structural equation modeling and path analysis showed that early maladaptive schemas directly and indirectly affect academic procrastination due to metacognitive beliefs, but this path was not affected by the cognitive flexibility variable.

The structural model of academic procrastination based on early maladaptive schemas mediated by cognitive flexibility and metacognitive beliefs has a good fit.Keywords: academic procrastination, early maladaptive schemas, cognitive flexibility, metacognitive beliefs

Social anxiety disorder is a type of anxiety disorder. Recent research has shown that difficulty in regulating emotion is the underlying mechanism of mood disorders and anxiety. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of transdiagnostic treatment on the social anxiety of students.

The method of the present study was quasi-experimental of pretest-posttest with follow-up. 24 participants with inclusion criteria, by the available sampling method, were divided into experimental and control groups randomly. The instruments used in this study were the Cognitive Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DRES), Social Phobia inventory (SPIN). After collecting data, statistical analysis was performed by a repeated-measures method by spss-24 software.

The results of the present study showed that the implementation of transdiagnostic treatment can improve emotion-based symptoms in people with social anxiety. Meta-diagnostic treatment explained 59.8% of the variance of post-test changes compared to the pre-test. Therefore, the use of this united protocol improved emotional adequacy and emotion regulation in students with social anxiety in Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (p> 0.05).

According to the results, it can be said that transdiagnostic treatment reduces social anxiety, improves adequacy, and regulates emotion. Therefore, the method used in the present study can be considered as a suitable method for psychological interventions in students with social anxiety and emotional problems.

Depression is a mood disorder involving boredom and inactivity or apathy and reluctance and can affect thoughts, behavior, feelings, happiness, and health in married women. The aim of this study was to compare cognitive behavioral therapy approach with Guttman's marital enrichment treatment approach on compassion and enlightenment in depressed married women.

This study was based on a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design. First, the subjects were sampled using entry and exit criteria. The statistical population included all depressed married women who referred to Alborz Education Payvand Counseling Centers in 1398. The statistical sample consisted of 45 depressed married women whose depression was diagnosed by performing a Beck Depression Inventory at the Payvand clinic and were randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group (15 patients in each group). Subjects in the cognitive behavioral therapy group were treated for 24 sessions and in the Guttman’s enrichment therapy group for 24 sessions and the control group did not receive any treatment. Subjects responded to the research tools including the Neff Self-Compassion Scale (2003) and the Halon and Kendall (1980) Clarification of Thought Scale.

Data analysis using analysis of covariance showed that Guttman's marital enrichment treatment approach and cognitive behavioral therapy approach were effective in clarifying thoughts and dimensions of compassion.

Based on the findings, Guttman's marital enrichment approach had the greatest effect on enlightenment and compassion compared to cognitive behavioral therapy and also reduced depression in married women.

The purpose of present study was to investigate the effectiveness of religious cognitive behavioral therapy compared with classical cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing depression and improving of selfimage and Godimage in patients with depression.

The method of present study was a randomized trial with pre-test-post-test. In this study, 30 people participated. 15 people received classical cognitive behavioral therapy and 15 people received religious cognitive behavioral therapy individually. The data collection tool included a semi-structured interview based on DSM (SCID-I), Glock and Stark's religion inventory (1970), Beck's Depression inventory (1996), Beck's self-concept inventory (1978) and Lawrence's Godimage inventory (1997), which participants at the beginning and end of Treatment responded. Each protocol included ten sessions. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis in SPSS 22 software.

The findings of the study showed that religious cognitive behavioral therapy significantly more than classical cognitive therapy increased Godimage(P <0/001). The findings also showed that although two religious and classical treatments significantly reduced depression and improved selfimage and it's components, their effectiveness did not differ significantly.

It is suggested that depression therapists use religious cognitive-behavioral therapy for religious patients to improve Godimage in clients. In future studies, cognitive behavioral therapy with an Islamic approach is strengthened in components and techniques to increase its effectiveness in reducing depression and improving selfimage.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Emotional Reactivity Scale in Iranian students.

This study was a survey study conducted on 625 undergraduate students of Arak University. The classical theory of test analysis and item-response theory were used to analyze the data. In the classical approach, the validity of the instrument was investigated using three methods of face validity, convergence- discriminate and construct validity. Reliability of this scale was also calculated by internal consistency and quasi-test and test-retest method.

The relationship between emotion reactivity scores and high-risk behaviors (r = 0.16) and negative mood (r = 0.47) was positive and significant and between emotion reactivity and Resilience (r = -0.30) was negative and significant, indicating convergent and discriminate validity of the scale, respectively. The results of confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis indicated the appropriate factor structure of this scale. In the item -response theory, statistics also confirmed the fit of the model.

The Persian version of the emotion reactivity scale appears to be valid and reliable for use in future studies specially for predicting mental disorders and also as a variable which can be related to difficulties in emotion regulation in Iran.Keywords: emotion reactivity scale, psychometric properties, university students

Stigma is a psychosocial process that begins with a physical, psychological or social mark and leads to social exclusion and isolation. Covid-19 disease as an infectious and deadly disease puts patients at high risk of stigma and rejection.

This was a descriptive survey study. The statistical population included all people aged 18 to 60 years in Isfahan- Iran in the period from October to November 2020. Through multi-stage cluster sampling, 322 people were selected as the sample. The instruments of the present study were the Public Stigma Covid-19 Questionnaire and demographic questionnaire, and disease-related factors. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance using SPSS software.

The results showed that more than 80% of men and women of different ages and academic levels, and with medical and non-medical jobs, experience a high level of Covid-19 stigma. Participants who themselves or more than one around them suffered from Civid-19 or were caring from the Covid-19 patients report less public stigma (p <0.05).

public stigma related to Covid-19 disease is largely prevalent in Iranian society. Based on the results, the experience of the disease, and having a close interaction with stigmatized people is associated with reduced stigma.