نشریه پژوهش های حسابداری مالی و حسابرسی
پیاپی 53 (بهار 1401)

Investment is known to be as one of the most important ways to expand the scope of companies’ operations and prevent them from being recessed and falling into downturn.  If the level of company’s investments is proportional to financial and operational policies, it would create value for the company and increase the stock value of the company.One of the factors affecting these two parameters, that are the level of investment and the stock value, is the conservatism principle. Therefore, this research is aimed to study the effect of conditional and unconditional conservatism on the level of future investment and stock value.In this regard, the financial data of 129 companies for a nine years period from March 20th 2008 till March 20th 2017 was used as combined data. To analyze the data, multivariate regression was used. Research findings suggest that business entities who implement a high level of conditional conservatism, do a lower level of investment. While business entities who implement a high level of unconditional conservatism have a higher level of investment. Another finding of the research suggests that the conditional and unconditional level of conservatism amplify the impact of the company's investment on stock value. The results of this research can be explained in the view of conservative contract theory and the theory of information asymmetry.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Environmental Uncertainty on Earnings persistence of listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The coefficient of variation (CV) of sales (scaled by total assets) to capture environmental uncertainty.  For this purpose one hypothesis developed and data on the 108 companies in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period of 1390 to 1398 were analyzed. The number of data collected for this study is 972 years-firm. The regression panel data with fixed effects approach, reviews and tests. The results showed that the concentration of Environmental Uncertainty has significant negative impact on Earnings Response Coefficient. Therefore, the research results indicate that Environmental uncertainty, by creating serious restrictions for the company and Makes information asymmetry between management and stakeholders more acute it Earnings persistence reduced.

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the Effect of Management Forecast Quality on investment efficiency considering the Moderating role of ownership structure. The statistical population of the research is listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this regard, the data of 129 companies in the period between 2009 to 2018, has been investigated by applying a multivariate regression model. Data has been extracted from Codal site and Rahaward software Version 3. The data were analyzed by eviews software version 11. Before testing the research models, using FLimer and Hausman tests, panel data with fixed effects were selected for testing the models. The present study is of a correlational nature and in terms of purpose, it is an applied research. In this study, institutional ownership and ownership concentration were used to measure ownership structure. The results indicated that earnings Forecast accuracy has a positive and significant effect on investment Efficiency. In addition, institutional ownership does not strengthen the relationship between earnings Forecast accuracy and investment efficiency. But the ownership concentration moderates the effect of earnings Forecast accuracy on investment efficiency.

The starting point for internal collaboration in a reassuring process is to gain insight into the current state of an organization's activities, identify key stakeholders and their needs, and determine how to define the organization's governance. Due to the fact that internal auditors use different approaches, tests and different methods to evaluate leadership in their organization. While presenting a clear picture of what internal auditors based on the framework of international evaluations have adopted, knowledge and internal auditors of the issue in the development of an internal audit comprehensive and efficient measure and attitude of Internal Auditors Iran offer formally evaluate the organization's governance practices. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of mandatory and strongly recommended guidelines in the international IPPF framework due to the internal audit of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Using random sampling method, 247 people were selected from internal auditors working in the auditing units of reputable companies. The present research is in the category of applied research and in terms of method, it is a descriptive survey. It was a questionnaire for collecting data and information from the library method and data collection tools. All assumptions at the significant p <0.01 "level were analyzed by pls. The results show that the recommended and mandatory guidelines in the international IPPF framework affect the internal audit performance of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange.

Operational segment reporting is one of the essential and vital parts of financial reporting. This information is useful for both Intra and extra-organizational consumers. So far, in operational segment reporting two main and important approaches called risk and return approach and management approach have been considered by researchers and the body of standard committee. Each of these two approaches has had its supporters and critics. Due to these criticisms and weaknesses, the mentioned models, especially in the Iranian banking industry, do not meet the needs of their users. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to design and present a model for the operational segments reporting of the Iranian banking industry according to the economic environment as well as market and business conditions of this industry.  Samples are selected from provider, users and also supervisors of the banking industry. The number of samples is also tested based on theoretical saturation criteria. Finally, the analysis of research findings has led to the design of a model in which users’ need are introduced as a causal variable and operational segment reporting of the Iranian banking industry as a central point. Due to the underlying and intervention conditions and leading strategies, promoting the usefulness of financial reporting in the banking industry has been introduced as a consequence of the designed model. The results of this study can be an appropriate basis for the body of standard committee and regulators in order to formulate how to disclose information of operational segments in the Iranian banking industry.

Economic agents are not rational against neoclassical theories, and do not act rationally because of their preferences or because of cognitive errors. Unreasonable factors such as personality traits, culture, religion and ideology of emotions, opinions of others and so on. Among the factors that play an important role in the behavior and reaction of individuals in different decision making situations, the purpose of this study is to explain the appropriate model of stock investor risk-taking power based on personality characteristics using exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The purpose of this study is applied research and is in the category of causal research. The research population included experts and investors who used a 35-item questionnaire to identify the indices that were validated and validated after data collection. Was used. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed using SPSS software (PLS) for data analysis. According to the data analysis, the findings and statistical data of this study show that the four dimensions of personality sub-factors have a significant and positive effect on investor risk-taking, so it can be concluded that the personality and risk-taking of investors can be concluded. There is a strong relationship with the results of the present study.

Due to the importance of researchers' aristocracy in research methodology, in order to conduct innovative and effective research, the present study seeks to examine the familiarity of doctoral students with research methodology in accounting. This paper is descriptive-survey and applied in terms of purpose. In order to conduct this research, a 60-item questionnaire was used in year 2020 regarding the level of familiarity of 178 PhD students in entrance year 2017 of public, Azad and Pardis universities with the methodology. The sampling method in the first stage is stratified random sampling that determines the number of samples in each floor (including three public, Azad and pardis floors) and in the second place the questionnaire using cluster sampling with respect to the ratios Distributed among PhD students in selected universities. One-sample mean test, One way analysis of variance test (ANOVA) & Scheffe test were used to conduct this research. Findings of this study show that the level of knowledge of accounting Phd students about research methodology is at a weak and undesirable level & Phd students in accounting at public universities are more familiar with research methodology than students at the Azad universities & Pardis universities. The findings of this study indicate the need to strengthen the research strength of accounting students and pay more attention to the course of research methods and aristocracy to research methodology in this field.

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effect of social identity and flexibility on audit quality with emphasis on the role of role stress moderator. The final sample used for this study includes 390 questionnaires collected from members of the Society of Certified Public Accountants. At the descriptive level of data analysis, mean and standard deviation statistics were used. In addition, the data were analyzed using SPSS and Smart PLS software through structural equation modeling. Findings showed that the variables of social identity and auditor flexibility have a positive and significant effect on auditor quality. Also, job stress variable has a negative and significant effect on audit quality. In addition, it was found that stress modulates the relationship between auditors' flexibility and audit quality but does not have a significant effect on the relationship between social identity and audit quality. The results also indicate that all six components of role loading, role inefficiency, role duality, role range, responsibility and physical environment have a positive and significant effect on job stress.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of religiosity on financial reporting fraud by emphasizing the mediating role of accountants' professional ethics in Iran. The research variables were measured through a questionnaire. For this purpose, 400 questionnaires were distributed among the members of the official experts of accounting and auditing justice throughout Iran. Finally, 312 items were accepted for analysis. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses and Amos software was used for analysis. Findings showed that the religiosity of accountants has a negative and significant effect on financial reporting fraud and has a positive and significant effect on the professional ethics of accountants. Also, religiosity causes accountants to have a higher level of ethics, and this higher level of ethics is an effective factor in reducing financial reporting fraud by accountants, which shows the professional ethics of accountants, explains the relationship between their religiosity and reporting fraud.

Jones model is used in a wide range of theoretical foundations in accounting and finance to test earnings management based on optional accruals. These theoretical foundations include studies examining evidence on earnings management for company-specific events (e.g., managers' bonus contracts and debt contracts). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the growth and performance variables of the company on the quarterly earnings management test in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2009 to 1398. A screening method was used for sampling and a total of 74 companies (3256 chapters - companies) were selected. In this study, company growth and performance indicators are considered as independent variables to examine their impact on profit management. In this study, hypotheses were tested by multiple linear regression model at 95% level using EViews 8 software. The results showed that the growth and performance indicators of the company have an effect on the seasonal profit management test. These results also showed that the virtual indicators of the company's growth and performance decile have a non-linear relationship with the seasonal profit management test. The results show that the Jones-type optional accrual models that are commonly used in seasonal earthquakes are not sufficiently controlled for accruals that occur naturally due to the growth of the company, as well as the lack of control over the effects of growth and The company's performance on accruals leads to incorrect acceptance in earnings management tests. As a result, this research can show great power in quarterly reports where maples are looking for earnings management, and also these findings have important implications for the use of optional accrual models in earnings management research.