فهرست مطالب

Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects
Volume:16 Issue: 1, Winter 2022

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1401/03/24
  • تعداد عناوین: 12
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  • Rong Deng, Yuzheng Xie, Unman Chan, Tao Xu, Yue Huang* Pages 1-10

    Periodontal tissues are organized in a complex three-dimensional (3D) architecture, including the alveolar bone, cementum, and a highly aligned periodontal ligament (PDL). Regeneration is difficult due to the complex structure of these tissues. Currently, materials are developing rapidly, among which synthetic polymers and hydrogels have extensive applications. Moreover, techniques have made a spurt of progress. By applying guided tissue regeneration (GTR) to hydrogels and cell sheets and using 3D printing, a scaffold with an elaborate biomimetic structure can be constructed to guide the orientation of fibers. The incorporation of cells and biotic factors improves regeneration. Nevertheless, the current studies lack long-term effect tracking, clinical research, and in-depth mechanistic research. In summary, periodontal tissue engineering still has considerable room for development. The development of materials and techniques and an in-depth study of the mechanism will provide an impetus for periodontal regeneration.

    Keywords: Hydrogels, Periodontal regeneration, Three-dimensional printing, Tissue engineering
  • Elham Khoshbin, Rezvan Najafi, Maryam Farhadian, Maryam Khalili * Pages 11-17
    Background

    Periradicular surgery is the last treatment option for teeth with persistent periradicular endodontic lesions. This study aimed to assess the adhesion of fibroblasts to root dentin conditioned with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), MTAD, and QMix.

    Methods

    Twelve dentin discs were fabricated of 6 human single-rooted teeth. Fibroblasts were isolated from the periodontal ligament (PDL) of a premolar tooth. The teeth were healthy and freshly extracted from the socket. The samples were divided into four groups for surface conditioning with (I) EDTA, (II) MTAD, (III) QMix, and the control group. Fibroblasts were cultured on conditioned dentin discs at 37°C, 95% air, and 5% CO2 for 4 hours and then rinsed with PBS three times to eliminate unattached cells from the surface. The mean counts of attached cells were calculated using a Neubauer chamber. Also, the attachment of fibroblasts was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

    Results

    The mean counts of fibroblasts attached to root dentin in EDTA, QMix, MTAD, and control groups were 303±46, 243±41, 213±33, and 347±38, respectively. No significant difference was noted in the number of fibroblasts attached between MTAD, EDTA, and QMix and the control group (P>0.05). Under SEM, the fibroblasts were flat and spindle-shaped, with cytoplasmic processes covering the untreated dentin surface. In the experimental groups, the cells were rounder with fewer processes. All the three groups showed weaker adhesion to dentin compared to the control (untreated dentin) group.

    Conclusion

    Under the limitations of this study, it was concluded that treating the dentin surface with EDTA, MTAD, or QMIX might not be an effective way to improve the adhesion of human PDL fibroblasts.

    Keywords: Cell adhesion, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, Periradicular surgery, Scanning electron microscopyacid
  • Farzad Emsaeili, Amirhouman Sadrhaghighi, Mahnaz Sadeghi-Shabestari, Parastou Nastarin*, Aliakbar Niknafs Pages 18-23
    Background

    The etiology of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome in children significantly differs from adults. In previous studies, only some of the indices have been investigated using CBCT. This study compares all the measurable indices of airway dimensions and anatomical cephalometric landmarks between children with OSA and healthy ones using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

    Methods

    Dimensions of the airway and cephalometric values were measured on CBCT scans of 50 children aged 8–12 (25 patients with OSA and 25 healthy subjects) and then compared between the two groups. The results of this study were analyzed with independent t test using SPSS 17 at a significance level of P<0.05.

    Results

    Area, length, volume, anteroposterior length, and size of the upper airway in subjects with OSA were lower than those in healthy children, while the average values of SNA, SNB, and ANB in the OSA group were higher than those in the healthy group (P=0.366, P=0.012, and P=0.114, respectively). Also, BaSN, PNS/AD1, and PNS/AD2 measurements in subjects with OSA were lower than healthy subjects (P=0.041, P=0.913, and P=0.015, respectively). In addition, the width and anteroposterior length of the upper airway, SNB, BaSN, PNS/AD1, and PNS/AD2 indices were significantly different between the healthy group and those with OSA (P<0.05).

    Conclusion

    Reduced upper airway dimensions, adenoid tissue enlargement, and cranial base flexion might play an important role in OSA development in children. However, most skeletal variables, such as the anteroposterior relationship of jaws and jaw rotation, were not significantly different between the two groups.

    Keywords: Airway obstruction, Cone-beam computed tomography, Obstructive sleep apnea
  • Elene Golovachova*, Tinatin Mikadze, Manana Kalandadze Pages 24-28
    Background

    Primary dentition takes the most important role in the development of permanent dentition. Primary second molars determine the eruption and position of permanent first molars. Early diagnosis and treatment could prevent the establishment of occlusal anomalies and deformities, therefore this study aimed to collect data about the prevalence of malocclusions based on the deciduous second molar terminal planes among the Tbilisi preschoolers.

    Methods

    A total of 396 children aged 3-6 years, with an equal number of male and female subjects, were examined in kindergartens drawn from ten districts of Tbilisi, using the PPS (probability proportional to size) method. The relationship between distal surfaces of primary second molars was evaluated and recorded according to Baume’s classification. The significance level is 0.05 for all statistical tests.

    Results

    Out of investigated preschoolers, 52.7% showed the flush terminal plane, followed by the distal step in 21.2% and mesial step in 26.1% of cases. There were no significant differences in genders. The most prevalent relationship between deciduous second molars was the flush terminal plane, with equal distribution in all age groups. The frequency of distal step decreased with age, more frequently recorded in the 3 to 4 year age group. The mesial step was mostly recorded in 3-4 and 5-6 year groups.

    Conclusion

    The flush terminal plane is the most frequent molar relationship, followed by mesial and distal step. Prevalence of distal mesial step significantly decreased with age, while mesial step relationship showed the tendency to increase. The flush terminal plane showed little change with age.

    Keywords: Primary dentition, Primary molars, Occlusion
  • John Michaelis, Qingzhao Yu, Tom Lallier, Xiaoming Xu, Richard W Ballard*, Paul Armbruster Pages 29-34
    Background

    The use of sports and energy drinks has drastically increased in the adolescent population. This population often is in orthodontic treatment, and the use of such drinks with poor oral hygiene promotes the development of white spot lesions (WSLs). Quantifying the degree of the lesion has been limited in the past. The hypothesis was that the Canary Caries Detection System could be used to quantify the degree of WSLs caused by different commercial beverages.

    Methods

    A total of 105 extracted human premolars were divided into seven groups (n=15). Each group was tested in one of six beverages or a phosphate-buffered solution (control). The teeth were exposed to its beverage three times a day for 15 minutes for 28 days. Canary numbers and ambient light and fluorescent photographs were collected at baseline (T0 ) and on days 14 (T1 ) and 28 (T2 ).

    Results

    The paired t test and one-way ANOVA found that T0 to T1 measurements were statistically significant (P<0.0015) and that T0 to T2 measurements were statistically significant (P<0.0001). Visually, the ambient light photographs and fluorescent photographs from T0 to T1 and T1 to T2 correlated with the increase in Canary numbers.

    Conclusion

    This in vitro study revealed a statistically significant increase in the T0 to T1 Canary numbers and a statistically significant increase from T0 to T2 Canary numbers for all the test beverages. Changes in Canary numbers indicated significant changes in mineral density (i.e., demineralization) and development of WSLs on enamel after exposure to sports and energy beverages.

    Keywords: Canary system, Demineralization, Energy beverages, Sports beverages
  • Mahsa Sayadizadeh, Raziyeh Shojaeipour*, Hamidreza Poureslami, Sajad Raeisi Estabragh, Maryam Sharifi Pages 35-39
    Background

    Stainless steel crowns (SSCs) of the opposing maxillary deciduous molar teeth are used in mandibular deciduous first molars with decreased proximal surfaces due to caries. However, the SSCs of maxillary deciduous molar teeth are different from those of the mandibular deciduous molars in terms of the occlusal surface morphology, the buccal margin, and the proximal surface contour. Therefore, it is possible to prepare the buccal and lingual surfaces to use the SSC of the lower deciduous molar teeth and compare microleakage.

    Methods

    Eighty extracted mandibular deciduous first molars were randomly assigned to two groups. In the case group (BLP), the buccal (B) and lingual (L) surfaces were prepared in addition to the proximal (P) surface, and an SSC was placed on the mandibular first deciduous teeth. Only the proximal surface was prepared in the control (P) group, and the SSC of the opposing tooth (maxillary deciduous first molar teeth) was placed. After dissecting the teeth, the extent of dye penetration was measured.

    Results

    The difference in microleakage on the buccal aspect between the case and control groups was significant (P=0.02); however, the difference in microleakage on the lingual aspect between the case and control groups was not significant (P=0.89).

    Conclusion

    Microleakage at the buccal margin of the SSC of mandibular deciduous first molars was less than the maxillary deciduous first molar SSC, with no significant differences in the lingual margin.

    Keywords: Crown, Deciduous teeth, Leakage, Stainless steel drown
  • Negin Ghasemi, Hamidreza Yavari, Mohammad Samiei, Naser Asl Aminabadi, Fatemeh Dabbaghi Tabriz, Samra Taheri, Paria Davoudi * Pages 40-44
    Background

    The bond strength of the materials used as a cervical barrier in the pulp regeneration is essential for the success of treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of triple antibiotic paste (TAP), double antibiotic paste (DAP), and simvastatin as intracanal medicaments on the dislodgement resistance of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium-enriched mixture (CEM).

    Methods

    A total of 160 extracted human single-rooted teeth were selected, and root canal preparation was carried out. The teeth in each group were randomly divided into four subgroups: TAP, DAP, simvastatin, and the control group (without intracanal medicament). Four weeks after placing the medicaments, it was removed by sodium hypochlorite, and MTA and CEM were placed in the coronal third of the root canals. After a week, 2-mm-thick dentin disks were prepared from the coronal third of the roots, and the push-out test was performed using a universal testing machine. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and independent t-test at a significance level of 0.05.

    Results

    Regardless of the intracanal medicament, there was no significant difference between the overall bond strength of MTA (59.3±10 MPa) and CEM (55.8±11 MPa) (P=0.6). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in bond strength between the two intracanal medicament groups and the control group (P>0.05).

    Conclusion

    Under the limitations of the current study, DAP, simvastatin, and TAP, as intracanal medicaments, did not adversely affect the push-out bond strength of CEM and MTA.

    Keywords: Bond strength, CEM, Intracanal medicament, MTA
  • Lara Karolina Guimarães, Gil Guilherme Gasparello, Matheus Melo Pithon, Mohamad Jamal Bark, Sergio Luiz Mota Júnior, Orlando Motohiro Tanaka * Pages 45-52
    Background

    This study aimed to evaluate the visual facial perception in response to scars associated with repaired cleft lip (CL) on a male adolescent patient, as assessed via eye-tracking.

    Methods

    Index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) malocclusions, grades 1, 5, and 8 were added to the frontal view facial image of an adolescent male model showing asymmetries of the nose and upper lip after CL surgery using the software Photoshop CS5® software. The eye movements of 91 laypeople observers were tracked by an Eye Tribe infrared sensor connected to OGAMA© software. A Kruskal–Wallis test was used to identify differences in total fixation time and time until the first fixation for the areas of interest. A visual analog scale (VAS) of attractiveness was also used in the study. Statistical analysis was performed adopting a significance level of P<0.05.

    Results

    The area of interest (AOI) were found to be the mouth and teeth, which were more focused on gazed at than any other area, regardless of the grade of IOTN. For observers of different ages, there were significant differences in the time until the first fixation on the scar of the repaired CL region for IOTN grade 1 (P=0.007). Images showing IOTN grade 1 repaired CL regions received the highest VAS scores. The older the age, the greater the tendency to give a higher VAS score for the same malocclusion.

    Conclusion

    The presence of a CL scar on the upper lip did not attract the eye of laypeople observers of different ages, regardless of the degree of malocclusion in the non-smile image. The age of the observers did influence the perception of attractiveness, with older observers giving higher scores than younger ones. As the severity of the malocclusion increased, they were found to be less attractive.

    Keywords: Cleft lip scarring, Eye-tracking, Cleft lip, palate, Esthetics, Perception, Malocclusion
  • Katayoun Sadr, Seyyed Mahdi Vahid Pakdel* Pages 53-61
    Background

    This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an increase in fixture thread face angle on the amount and distribution of stresses in the surrounding bone of implants with four different thread shapes by three-dimensional finite element analysis.

    Methods

    Eight different fixture designs, with v-shaped, buttress, reverse buttress, and trapezoid threads, and two face angles of 20 and 35 degrees, were modeled using a software program. Each model was affected by two static forces with different values and angles (200-N axial 0° force and 100-N 45° oblique force) to compare the distribution of stress in different fixture designs.

    Results

    The maximum von Mises stress was detected in v-shaped threads. An increase in the angle of the threads to 35° significantly decreased maximum von Mises stress in cortical bone in v-shaped and reverse buttress threads; however, the von Mises stress in the trapezoid and buttress threads increased with an increase in the thread angle.

    Conclusion

    Under the limitations of this study, although the shape of the thread and thread surface angle does not have a definite role in stress distribution in the bone surrounding the implant, they are effective in the amount and type of stress induced in the bone supporting the implant.

    Keywords: Dental implants, Finite element analysis, Implant thread
  • Harpreet Singh, Pranav Kapoor, Poonam Sharma*, Raj Kumar Maurya, Tanmay Mittal Pages 62-69

    Cl III malocclusion with a significant skeletal component presents a therapeutic challenge during adolescence. This article presents the encouraging results of an individualized two-stage treatment approach adopted for successful nonsurgical correction of severe skeletal Cl III malocclusion in an adolescent girl after the onset of puberty. An orthopedic approach involving simultaneous alternate rapid maxillary expansion and constriction (Alt-RAMEC) protocol and protraction facemask (PFM) therapy was adopted in phase 1 to correct the sagittal skeletal discrepancy. In phase 2, fixed orthodontic therapy aided by the interim use of a modified occlusal settling appliance was undertaken to obtain well-interdigitated occlusion. Meticulously planned and well-executed orthopedic and orthodontic approach, combined with good patient compliance and favorable growth pattern, helped establish well-balanced facial harmony with a proper maxillomandibular relationship and satisfactory overjet and overbite. The results remained stable during the 4-year follow-up. Alt-RAMEC-PFM therapy accompanied by fixed mechanotherapy is a viable option to treat severe skeletal Cl III malocclusion in adolescents.

    Keywords: Adolescence, Alt-RAMEC, Cl III malocclusion, Orthopedic, Protraction facemask, Stability
  • Selen İnce Yusufoğlu *, Keziban Olcay Pages 70-75
    Background

    This study aimed to investigate the effects of different final irrigation solutions on postoperative pain following root canal treatment.

    Methods

    Eighty-nine nonvital premolar and molar teeth with periapical lesions (PAI: 3‒4) without any clinical symptoms were included. The patients were randomly assigned to three groups according to the final irrigation solutions used: G1: 2 mL of Qmix (n=29), G2: 2 mL of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (n=30), and G3: 2 mL of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) (n=30). All the patients were prescribed 100 mg of flurbiprofen to use as needed for pain. The patients were asked to rate their pain status according to the verbal rating scale at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours, and one week. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test, and chi-squared analysis with Monte Carlo simulation. The significance level was set at P≤0.05.

    Results

    No significant differences were observed in postoperative pain rates at 12, 48, and 72 hours and one week (P>0.05). However, in the Qmix group, a significantly lower pain level was observed at 24 hours with EDTA and CHX (P=0.019). The rate of mild pain in the EDTA group at 72 hours (18.8%) was significantly higher in premolar teeth than in molar teeth (P=0.012). The moderate pain level in the EDTA group at 12 hours was significantly higher in those>60 years of age (P=0.008).

    Conclusion

    The use of Qmix as an irrigation solution resulted in lower postoperative pain levels at 24 hours compared to other solutions. Therefore, Qmix can be considered a proper final irrigation solution in endodontic treatment regarding postoperative pain.

    Keywords: Chlorhexidine gluconate, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, Endodontic treatment, Postoperative pain, Qmix
  • Isabella Fernandes Carvalho*, Louise Cristina Pereira Freitas, Phillipe Nogueira Barbosa Alencar, Maria Cláudia de Freitas Lima, Daniel de Sá Cavalcante, José Luciano Pimenta Couto, Paulo Tarcio Aded Silva, Dhaniel Anderson Olímpio Barbosa, Ellaine Dóris Fernandes Carvalho, Fabrício Bitu Sousa Pages 76-80

    Zika virus congenital syndrome (ZVCS) is a congenital viral infection resulting from the transmission of the Zika virus (ZV) to the fetus during pregnancy. This report describes a clinical case involving a 20-month-old female child with ZVCS, who presented with systemic changes related to the syndrome, such as microcephaly, arthrogryposis, ocular and auditory changes, and oral changes such as delayed dental eruption, ogival (high-arched) palate, short lip frenum, and altered morphology of a superior primary incisor. For esthetic and functional rehabilitation of the oral health of this child, an indirect composite resin restoration was performed using intraoral digital scanning technology. This case presents an accurate, rapid, and comfortable restorative treatment option that might result in excellent outcomes in children with ZVCS or similar syndromes with neurological impairment.

    Keywords: Dental anomalies, Indirect restorations, Oral manifestations, Zika virus