مجله آموزش بهداشت و ارتقای سلامت ایران
سال دهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 38، تابستان 1401)

Although plastics are considered one of the country's environmental problems, little attention has been paid to reducing their use. This study aimed to design, implement and evaluate an intervention based on social marketing model to reduce the use of these products in shopping centers.

The present study consisted of descriptive-analytical and interventional phases. In the descriptive-analytical phase, the knowledge, attitude and practice of 335 people who referred to shopping centers were studied. Based on the analysis of data related to this section, the structure and content of the intervention was designed and implemented in shopping centers for one month. To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention, the average use of plastic bags in shopping centers was compared before and after the intervention.

Ease of use by 13.3% was the most important reason for customers to use plastic bags. Education, culture building (38.4 %), and make suitable alternatives available (35.7 %) were presented as the best solution to reduce the use of plastic shopping bags. There was no statistically significant difference in behavior scores between men and women at different levels of education and employment. The average monthly use of plastic bags was equal to 226,500, which decreased by 13.3% to 196350 after the intervention (P-value<0.001).

Based on the study findings, it can be concluded the ease of use of plastic bags is the most important reason for its use and social marketing is an effective approach to reducing the use of plastic shopping bags.

Du to importance of Lifestyle modification during pregnancy, the present study was conducted with the aim of determination of of childbirth preparation training outcome on lifestyle and mode of delivery of Gorgan women's.

This historical cohort study was conducted on 352 women under coverage of comprehensive health Gorgan 6-12 months after delivery. 176 of women who participated in childbirth preparation training as exposed group by census method sampling and 176 women who did not participated as non- exposed group by matching method Sampling in terms of age and maternal education included in the study. Lifestyle was assessed with Health Promoting Lifestyle Questionnaire (HPLP II).Data analysis was performed using SPSS18 software and Chi-square, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Analysis of variance tests  and to analyze the relative risk analysis of logistic regression.

The mean score of total lifestyle in exposure group was (141.16 ± 22.26) and in the non-exposure group was (137.16 ± 20.67). Despite of The higher mean score in all six Subscale of lifestyle was higher in the exposure group, the independent t-test did not show significant difference (P=0.08), but there was a significant difference in the Subscale of stress management (P= 0.04). In addition, the relative risk for vaginal delivery was 1.49 (1.09-2.02) and vaginal delivery %13.1 was higher in the exposure group (P= 0.009).

Participating in childbirth classes increases vaginal delivery rate and the mean score of the total lifestyle and its six Subscale, even after 6-12 months after childbirth, and in the Subscale of stress management has the greatest impact.

Adolescent protective behaviors against the coronavirus have been a major public health concern in recent months. present study was conducted with the aim of predicting these behaviors in adolescents in Isfahan using the health belief model.

The present study was a cross-sectional study that was performed on 797 adolescents in Isfahan. Samples were selected using two-stage cluster sampling method from secondry schools in six education districts of Isfahan. In coordination with the Education Organization in a circular, the questionnaire link was provided to the educational liaisons of selected schools. The instrument used was a researcher-made electronic questionnaire that was provided to the participants through social networks after confirming its validity and reliability. After completion, the data were analyzed in SPSS23 statistical software using Pearson correlation tests. Linear and hierarchical regressions were analyzed.

There was a Positive and significant correlation between adolescents' protective behaviors with self-efficacy (r = 0.62, P <0.001), perceived benefits (r = 0.29, P <0.001) and perceived severity (r = 0.14, P <0.001) and There was a negative and significant correlation between adolescents' protective behaviors with perceived sensitivity (r = -0.11, P <0.001) and perceived barriers (r = -0. 21, P <0.001). Health belief model constructs are significantly able to explain protective behaviors against Covid 19 in adolescents (AdjR2 = 0.42, P <0.001) and self-efficacy construct is the strongest predictor of behavior (B = 0.59, P = <0.001).

Based on the results of the present study, self-efficacy and perceived barriers have been the main determinants of COVID-19 preventive behaviors in adolescents. It can be concluded that the health belief model is a good tool for predicting COVID-19 prevention behaviors in adolescents.

Unhealthy nutrition is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to determine the effect of an educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior in promoting the preventive nutritional behaviors of cardiovascular disease.

In this quasi-experimental study 199 women using the multistage sampling method were divided into intervention (n=100) and control (n=99) groups. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire including demographic and specific questions. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. The data using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage) and analytic statistics (Independent and paired t-tests, analysis of covariance, and chi-square test) were analyzed and the educational program was designed. Training program including the face-to-face education and distributing the educational message and clips in the experimental group conducted and after two months the data collected again and were analyzed (P≤ 0.05). 

Before the intervention, no significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of demographic variables, Attitude, Perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, and behavior. After the intervention, the mean scores of the attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, and intention in the experimental group meaningfully were increased (P ≤ 0.05).

Educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior promotes the preventive nutritional behaviors of cardiovascular disease in women

One of the negative emotions that any person can have is stress, it seems that emotional intelligence can help to deal with it. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive power of emotional intelligence components on coping skills in Neishabour medical students in 2020.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 200 students of Neishabour University of Medical Sciences by convenience sampling method. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 19 and inferential statistics (Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson-Spearman correlation and linear regression).

In this study, the mean (± standard deviation) of academic stress was 137.5 (23.7) and emotional intelligence was 98.8 (13.1.). The results showed that the components of emotional intelligence including self-management (p <0.001), relationship management (p <0.001) and self-awareness (p = 0.01) were significantly predictors of coping skills in academic stress in students of Neishabour University of Medical Sciences and They were able to predict 27.1% of academic stress.

Based on the results, an emotional intelligence component could be used as a suitable method to predict academic stress coping skills. Furthermore, given that the components of self-management, relationship management, and self-awareness have the greatest impact on predicting academic stress, there is a need to pay more attention to these issues in educational programs.

One of the most common problems in old age is poor quality sleep, which requires appropriate interventions; therefore, the present study was designed with the aim of the effect of sleep health education program based on continuous care model on sleep quality in the elderly.

The above study was performed on 120 elderly people aged 60 years and older living in Gonabad who met the inclusion criteria. Data collection tools included demographic information and Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire. After completing the pretest, participants were randomly assigned to one of the interventions (n = 60) and control (n = 60) groups. A one-hour face-to-face training session was held for the intervention group. Follow-up was done by phone twice a week in the first month and in the second and third months every week. Then post-test questionnaire was completed for both groups and data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software and descriptive and inferential statistical tests and chi-square and t-test.

The mean score of sleep quality before the intervention was in the intervention 8.13 ± 3.35 and control 7.58 ± 2.64 groups that there was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.32); After the intervention, a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups; The mean score of sleep quality was obtained in the intervention group 5.35 ± 2.17 and in the control group 8.08 ± 2.70 (p <0.001).

Sleep health education based on a continuous care model improves the quality of sleep in the elderly, so this method is recommended to improve the quality of sleep in the elderly.

One of the most important issues facing the younger generation today is mobile phones, the Internet and addiction. With the spread of Corona virus as a destructive factor, this problem has increased and caused disorders in various dimensions of society that need to be properly identified. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of focal identification of the relationship between the components of mobile addiction and the level of psychosocial health and lawlessness of young people.

This research is a descriptive correlation in terms of applied purpose and in terms of nature and method. The target population is the students of Tabriz Azad University, which according to the obtained statistics are about 27,000 people, of which 395 people participated in the present study according to Krejcie Morgan table through internet call available online due to corona traffic restrictions. . Then, mobile data addiction questionnaire, psychosocial health questionnaire and lawlessness questionnaire were used to collect the required data. Focal correlation test and multiple regression in SPSS23 software were used to analyze the data.

The results showed; Negative relationship between the components of mobile addiction (inability to control desire, feeling anxious and lacking and improving mood) with the components of psychosocial health (emotional well-being, mental health and social health) at the level of (P≤0.01) and There is meaning. Also, the relationship between the components of inability to control desire, feeling anxious and lacking, and improving mood in breaking the law has been positive. That is, as mobile addiction increases, so does student lawlessness, and vice versa.

There is a significant relationship between the high dimensions of mobile addiction with the level of mental and social health and lawlessness of young people. Because with the increase of each of the dimensions of the mentioned variable, the level of mental health decreases and lawlessness increases and will cause various problems in the society.

The World Health Organization five keys to safer food manual is recognized as a global strategy to train food producers to reduce the burden of foodborne disease. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of educational intervention based on the World Health Organization safer food manual on the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of women referring to the comprehensive health service centers in Abdanan.

This quasi-experimental intervention study was performed on 117 women referred to comprehensive health service centers in Abdanan in two groups (57 in the experimental group, 60 in the control group) in 2018-19. The sampling method was done with convenience sampling and a modified version of the questionnaire based on the WHO manual was used to measure the knowledge, attitude, and behavior which had face validity and reliability. The questionnaire was first completed in the study (pre-test) and then one month after the intervention (post-test). Data were analyzed using SPSS16 software, and using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, independent and paired t-test.

There was no significant difference between the two samples in this study in terms of demographic characteristics (p>0.05). Also, the mean and ±standard deviation (± SD) scores of knowledges in the experimental group before and after the intervention from 71.01 ± 8.15 to 87.80 ± 8.29, the mean and ± SD attitude scores from 86.45 ± 6.65 to 92.62 ± 6.20 and the mean and ± SD behavior scores increased from 86.92 ± 6.63 to 91.98 ± 6.84 and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Also, no significant difference in mean and ± SD scores of knowledges, attitude scores, and behavior of the control group before and after (P>0.05).

An educational intervention based on the World Health Organization’s five keys to a safer food manual can improve the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of women referring to comprehensive health service centers.