نشریه مطالعات جغرافیایی مناطق کوهستانی
پیاپی 9 (بهار 1401)

Smart development is a guarantee that the development of neighborhoods, cities, regions and housing development is economically accurate, responsible for the environment and a supporter of society for biodegradation, the result of which is to increase the quality of life. The present study aims to analyze the key effective factors in the formation of smart rural development using Schwartz qualitative model in Jovein county. The present research method is descriptive -analytical and Schwartz's qualitative model has been used for data analysis.The results of the research are as follows: In the field of rural creative economy: reducing the cost of services to villages and facilities and infrastructure with intensive development, reducing costs and efficient transportation in the village, creating self-sufficient communities by improving services And the necessary facilities in the village, the establishment of companies and non -governmental organizations in the village, the establishment and growth of local business in the village, the attraction of new economic activities in the village, in the physical dimension of space: increasing share and per capita residential use (new and large units scale) in the village, per capita green space and parks in the village, access to open waste and diverse natural landscapes in the village, in the socio -cultural dimension: increasing the net and gross population and household density in the service area of the village, creating a balance between public and private sector participation in rural development activities, developing rural - foreign relations (communication with institutions) and commercial companies, labor market flows, and capital movements, especially large and medium -sized cities, are key drivers in shaping smart rural development and critical drivers of the uncertainty of rural smart development on the horizon of 2031. The innovation of the present research on the subject as well as the model used in the research analysis.

Today, in the field of cities and urbanization, the information society paradigm is emphasized as a new and dominant paradigm, and it applies its nature through information and communication technology and virtual space, and today's city is defined by two inseparable physical and virtual characteristics according to the information society has done the purpose of the current research is to firstly create a logical insight into knowledge and what is the information age and its possible effects on cities, and secondly to examine the situation of Tehran city in terms of hybridization indicators. The current research method is descriptive and analytical; In this regard, while analyzing the nature of the information age using library studies, this nature has been put to the test through the field method (providing a questionnaire to the mayors of 22 regions) and analyzing the content of four of the upstream projects of Tehran. The results of library studies indicate that cities will undergo fundamental transformation and changes in terms of content and physicality in different social, economic, physical and management sectors and the city space will move towards hybridization. The results of field studies show that the content of none of the plans related to the metropolis of Tehran have not been compiled in accordance with the components of the information age; Also, from the point of view of municipalities, regions 3, 1 and 22 are ranked first to third in terms of having the components of the information age.

As Iran is located in the middle part of the northern hemisphere, as well as complexity of topographic conditions caused a various climate on a local scale. Changes in the climatic variables such as temperature and precipitation have affected the hydrological conditions of the basin directly and indirectly. Gharaghom Basin is located in the northeastern part of Iran on the border between Iran, Afghanistan, and Turkmenistan. Harriroud and Keshafroud as the main rivers in the basin originate from the Hindu Kush Mountains in Afghanistan and Binalood in Khorasan Province, respectively. This research studied the seasonal effect of climatic variables on hydrological characteristics in the upstream mountainous regions of Gharaghom Basin. The trend analysis of Mann _Kendall (MK) was used to detect the trend of temperature and precipitation during different seasons. Although the lowest monthly significance is related to the precipitation variable, the highest significance for all stations has corresponded to the minimum and maximum temperature variables respectively. The minimum temperature has much more affected than the maximum temperature due to climate change and global warming has caused an increase in the monthly minimum and maximum temperature in the most seasons in different parts of the Basin. We expect an increasing trend of minimum temperature following the reduction of snow and solid precipitation, melting snow, and ice resources in mountainous upstream parts of the basin. The main disorders were not statistically significant in the behavior of seasonal and monthly precipitation trends and all significant trends in precipitation almost showed decreasing trends corresponding to winter. The results of this paper are robust in agreement with the other research report in case of an increasing trend in minimum and maximum temperature respectively in the most regions of mid -latitudes and disorders in precipitation behavior in endanger water resources of upstream mountainous regions.

Rockfall is one of the most important geomorphological hazards in mountainous areas, which always causes great financial and human losses, especially for communication lines (roads and railways). Zanjan - Teham and Tarem are also one of the most dangerous mountain roads in Ardabil province, where the risk of falling rocks seriously threatens the road. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the danger zones along this road. For this purpose, in addition to a field visit to the desired area and using the 2021 Landsat OLI sensor satellite images, the layers and maps that are effective in rock fall, including: geology, slope, elevation levels, slope direction, land use and vegetation, fault, distance from Road, distance from watercourse, precipitation levels, isothermal, freezing data were used. The drop points collected with dual-frequency GPS (mapping tool) were checked in the ArcGis pro software environment with the aforementioned criteria. Then, using the statistical method of frequency ratio coefficient, information value method and Shannon's entropy, which uses environmental data, zoning of the risk of falling was carried out through combining and algebraic summing of the maps in five risk classes from very low to very high. According to the results obtained in the information value method, 64.23% of the area was assigned to high to very high risk areas. In the case of frequency ratio method, this number was 41.7% and Shannon's entropy method was 44.01%. In order to evaluate the zoning accuracy of the mentioned methods, two total quality indicators and accuracy index (experimental probability) were used. The evaluation of the models showed that, in the information value model, the mentioned indices were obtained as 0.34 and 0.95, respectively, which have higher quality and accuracy compared to the frequency ratio and Shannon entropy models.

The development of the tourism sector is very important, especially for developing countries that are facing problems such as high unemployment rate, single product economy, etc. Brand equity provides a tool for measuring the effectiveness of past and present marketing efforts and predicting future brand performance. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the components of the rural tourism marketing model in Rodsar city and the destination brand equity. In order to carry out the research, a quantitative approach, structural equation modeling and brand equity questionnaire according to Acker's model have been used. For statistical techniques, considering that the statistical population used is unlimited, with the help of Karjesi and Morgan's table for societies with more than one hundred thousand people with an accuracy level of 0.05, the desired sample is equal to 384 people, this sample includes all Those involved in rural tourism and tourists who have traveled to the rural areas of Gilan province at least once. The findings of the research show that all 11 components of the rural tourism marketing model in Rodsar city include: attractions, infrastructure, culture, investment, and environmental situation, accessibility to facilities, skilled manpower, travel cost, promotion, rules and regulations. And education has a positive and significant relationship with the destination brand equity, and investment according to the path coefficient (0.73) and the statistic (t8.12) and travel cost according to the path coefficient (0.42) and the statistic (t5/24) respectively, the most important and least important factors in the destination brand equity were identified.

Urban regeneration from the point of view of non -active defense means reducing the vulnerability of buildings, facilities, equipment and urban and regional arteries through natural hazard management and social mobilization (popular participation) in reducing damages related to inefficient tissues. Be In this regard, the aim of the present study is to analyze the effective factors in achieving the principles of passive defense in the regeneration plans of Qarchak city using grounded theory. In terms of the purpose, the current research is part of the fundamental and descriptive researches, and in terms of the method, it is included in the group of qualitative researches. The sample size for interviewing experts in the framework of final theoretical saturation using targeted sampling, 18 experts (experts, university professors and city managers of Qarchak) were selected. The grand theory method was also used to analyze the data. The result of interviews with experts to analyze the effective factors in achieving the principles of passive defense in regeneration plans in Qarchak city using contextual theory, including 6 core codes (causal, contextual, intervening, strategic conditions) consequences and obstacles). Causal conditions from 5 categories and 16 concepts, contextual conditions from 4 categories and 15 concepts, intervening conditions from 5 categories and 13 concepts, strategies from 3 categories and 11 concepts, consequences from 5 categories and 14 concepts, and finally, the obstacles consist of 7 categories and 17 concepts.

The forest as one of the renewable resources plays an important role and a suitable platform for social and economic activities. In this context, identifying the effective factors in the sustainable development of the forest and knowing the indicators and management criteria of this natural area and paying attention to the shortcomings and strengthening the abilities is one of the current needs, therefore this research tries to measure the extent and measure of the management of the sustainable development of the forest based on FMU model with 6 indicators and 48 criteria and in the form of sfm paradigm in the forests of Ilam province, to determine the management level of sustainable forest development. The statistical populations in this research are the experts and specialists of the Natural Resources Department, especially in the forestry department in Ilam Province, and the sample size was determined through the snowball method of 15 elite experts in the field of forestry in the Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of the cities of Ilam Province. The results show that out of the 6 main indicators measured, water and soil management indicators with 71.5% and laws and organizations indicators with 60.37% are at a relatively favorable level. Biodiversity indicators with 47.38 are at the average level and economic-social index with 39.33%, ecosystem index with 38.92% and stakeholder participation index with 30.6% are at a weak level based on the sfm measurement and sustainability chart which is done with human and natural considerations, the management performance in the discussion of the natural index is 49.7% and the performance of the human index in the management of the forests of the region is 43.5%, which indicates the level of achieving the management goals of sustainable development in an average level.

Today, the most important strategy for the development of rural economy in third world countries is the development of small businesses. One of the basic requirements for creating this type of business is providing credits. In recent years, the Bank of Agriculture has been able to play a significant role in the stability of small businesses in the regions by providing microcredits with low interest. Therefore, the present study investigated the role of Bank of Agriculture credits in the sustainability of small businesses in Shanderman region. The present study is quantitative in nature, practical in terms of purpose, and descriptive and analytical in terms of method. In order to analyze data, SPSS software and FARAS, FBMW models were used. The results showed that most of the businesses created in the Shanderman region are in the agricultural sector, and the amount of credits used by the Bank of Agriculture in creating businesses has a high percentage. Also, the results showed that there is a significant relationship between the credits of the Agricultural Bank and the sustainability of micro -businesses. In addition, according to the FASAR model, the employment creation component has the highest level of effectiveness from the credits of the Agricultural Bank, and according to the FBMW model, in the component Job creation, indicators of help in creating self-employment and increasing investment, in the empowerment component, indicators of the requirement for employee insurance to secure the future, reducing economic dependence on others and increasing job security, in the economic growth component, indicators of increased production in the agricultural and manufacturing sector, diversity in products Agriculture and production, in the component of compatibility with the environment, the index of the prosperity of natural tourism and the preservation of historical and tourism contexts, the prevention of pollution of water resources (water quality), in the management component, the indicators of participatory management in business and the index of knowledge and information management In business, they allocated the highest and lowest effectiveness rates from the credits of the Bank of Agriculture.

Today, climate change and occurrence of weather phenomena such as drought have caused many economic and social losses in rural areas and have affected the lives of rural residents. Considering this issue, the aim of the present study was to measure and analyze the level of economic and social resilience of gardeners in the central part of Malkan city against drought and also to identify the factors affecting their resilience. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive - analytical (causal) with a quantitative nature. Data and information were collected based on two documentary and field methods (questionnaire). The unit of analysis of the research was gardeners living in the study area and local knowledgeable people. Also, to analyze the collected data, Kupras technique and structural equations were used. The results of the research show that the gardeners of Aruq and Laklar villages have the highest drought Resilience and the villages of Sormahlo, Aliabad Qeshlaq, Yulqnaloi Jadid, Yulqnaloi Ghadim and Tezekand Khankandi have the lowest level of resilience against drought. The modeling results also indicate that the "local actions" variable is at the moderate threshold, the "social capital" variable is at the moderate threshold, and finally the "government policies and support" variable is at the significant threshold.

The problem currently facing the management of metropolises' peri -urban areas is the existence of urban management fragmentations and lack of coordination among service organizations regarding planning, policy making, supervision, implementation, etc. Solving this problem requires integrated urban management as an all -encompassing management institution involved with very broad and diverse urban and urbanization issues and phenomena to ensure achieving sustainable development in the peri -urban areas of Mashhad metropolis, thereby minimizing the fragmentations in various dimensions including the political, spatial, functional and socio - economic dimensions. Considering the importance of the topic, this study was conducted using the descriptive -analytical method and based on desk -based and documentary studies to analyze the different types of fragmentation and its effect on the integrated management of the peri -urban areas of Mashhad metropolis. The study population consisted of 35 specialists, experts and university professors. The DEMATEL and VICOR fuzzy method was used for data analysis. The results of multi -criteria decision -making show that the criterion of "fragmentations in urban management platforms and facilities" attained a score of 0.491 and was identified as the most influential criterion for integrated management. On the other hand, territorial fragmentation was identified as the most influenced criterion for the integrated management of the peri -urban areas of Mashhad metropolis.

The model of the creative city is based on the relationship between economy, culture, production of creative and innovative places, and taking advantage of the opportunities of the creative global economy can be based on knowledge in order to make the place competitive. The integration of cities into the network of creative cities creates an independent brand in order to increase their economic power. Therefore, the purpose of this study; Identify the Effective Factors in the Success of Urban Branding in Order to Achieve a Creative City (Case Study: Damghan City). The approach governing the research space is qualitative and the type of research is applied and according to the method of conducting it is of the survey type (interview). The statistical population of the present study includes (all senior managers of the municipality, faculty members of the Department of Geography, Art and Urban Planning, city councils and experts in the field of urban management in Damghan) who were selected using the Delphi method as a sample size of 17 people. Grounded theory method has been used to analyze the data. From the results of interviews with experts, to identify the factors affecting the success of urban branding in order to achieve a creative city in Damghan, 56 concepts and 18 semantic units and 7 categories (urban environment promotion, flourishing spaces, strengthening the international position of the city, continuous management And purposefully, vision development, urban attractiveness and security, branding position) were extracted.

The special environmental, climatic and geographical conditions of the country have provided the ground for the occurrence of various environmental hazards, especially in rural areas. In this regard, due to the weak nature of the physical element of rural settlements, earthquakes are the most important natural hazard that has seriously challenged such habitats. The passage of several important and dangerous faults from the study area (Ardabil Town) has caused a higher seismic potential than other areas of the province. The present study uses a descriptive -analytical method and utilizing more capabilities of the Vikor model than other proposed models (TOPSIS, etc.) to evaluate the efficiency and operation of this technique in combination with the Geographic Information System (GIS). In order to prioritize 29 sample rural settlements in the central part of Ardabil Town in terms of vulnerability to earthquake risk. The required data about the 4 main research indicators (including: depth of the earthquake occurred in the area; lithology; distance from the fault; and the magnitude of the earthquake) were also collected in a documentary manner and the final weight of the indicators based on the opinions of 15 relevant experts and The use of AHP method has been determined. According to the final output of the Victor model, the northern part of the central part of Ardabil Town, including: East and West Arshaq villages, which include the sample villages of Khajeh Bolaghi, Gol Tappeh and Aq Qaleh and are adjacent to the main faults, are more at risk of earthquakes. Are; And in the next ranks are the villages of Sardabeh and Kalkhoran, etc.