فصلنامه رسانه
سال سی و سوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 126، بهار 1401)

Crime is a social harm that has adverse and destructive consequences for society. Therefore, to prevent such harm, the institutions involved, media included, can have play a role in crime prevention and containing. The main purpose of this study is to design a model of television journalism to prevent crime. The data of this study were collected using a semi-structured interview technique with twelve people, namely three professors of journalism, three lawyers, three reporters of the judiciary affairs and three law enforcement experts. The data were then categorized into three stages of open, axial, and selective coding, using the context analysis method and MAXQDA software version 10. Based on this, 11 comprehensive themes, 27 organizing themes and 205 basic themes were identified and finally a network of themes was drawn. Comprehensive themes such as: "Media Prerequisites for Crime Prevention", "Audience", "Media Functions", "Crime Prevention Media Norms", "Media Trust", "Promotion", "Establishing Public Psychosocial Security","Framing","Upholding of Media Ethics", "Reporter Characteristics" and "Reporter Tasks" were finalized. Therefore, the model of television journalism clusters should be used to prevent crime. This model includes two media strategies: avoiding social panic and using dripping tactics in challenging news, and two media tasks: maintaining moral and private privacy and avoiding bias and judgment.

This study, considering the "the need for historical analysis of cultural and communication issues for policy making", has explored the issue of monopoly in the ownership of Iranian TV networks. Existence of such an issue is the product of extensive and deep-rooted historical heritage and time accumulation. This research, using historical analysis method, is an attempt answer three questions: According to historical documents and events, how the ownership system of television network in Iran has changed? Has the ownership of TV networks ever been monopolized, since their establishments? In post Islamic Revolution, to what extent this system of ownership has changed? Findings show that the exclusive ownership of television has been continuous, prevailing and deeply-routed. Following the victory of the Islamic Revolution, although the ruling of the Article 44 of the country’s Constitution, which determines the type of ownership of television networks, and the detailed Minutes of Meeting of the Assembly of Experts, is the de-monopolization of television, in practice in recent years, the meaning of the concept of monopoly has been taken away and the trend of monopoly of the ownership of the TV networks, has continued. In recent years, the instruction issued by the Supreme Leader regarding the rulings of the Article 44, despite the historical background, has created a new potential for the de-monopolization of the ownership of the TV networks.

Due to growing use of the cyberspace in today's world, both at the macro level (governmental and administration) and at the micro one (inter-citizenship), one of the most important tasks of the legislators in this respect, is to provide security, both civil and criminal. Undoubtedly, committing of a crime or any other wrongdoing, in this cyberspace, is changing daily with the growth of technology. Sometimes, there is no proportionality between the crime committed and the punishment imposed, and that’s why the offender, by evaluating his what he/she achieves by his wrongdoing in this cyberspace and the extent of punishment foreseen for a specific committed crime, commits the intended crime. Given that delinquent behavior in this space, can lead to insecurity, in both levels  of major governmental infrastructures and users’ security. Meanwhile, no mechanism different from civil liability determined for crimes committed in real space, for wrongdoings in cyberspace by the Legislation so far, it seems that providing a strategy, to update some articles of the cybercrime law,

Introducing the personal-political brand paradigm within establishment(government) governance is the main goal behind this research work and what factors are effective in creating a personal-political brand and how they can be placed under the umbrella of a single.  To achieve the goal of the research work and answer basic questions; Relying on qualitative method, thematic analysis and data analysis, strategies have been used to extract data and review the findings. To identify the effective components in the formation of political brands; The biographies, pictures and election video clips of the four recent presidents of Iran have been examined in the form of a three-stage thematic analysis in which all meaningful themes have been identified and classified in the form of conceptual and comprehensive system tables. Then, in order to identify other influential components in branding, the opinions of experts were used, at which stage, in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 senior experts in the field of branding. Finally, all the components obtained from the thematic and data analysis methods are presented in a comprehensive system and then, under eight categories of factors that constitute the main structures of the paradigm, are classified and represented as a paradigm model. In addition to identifying 347 effective factors; The promotion model of personal-political brand in the Islamic Republic is also presented.

The assassination of George Floyd, had various consequences both inside the United States and byound. The media coverage of this event was influential both in generating numerous protests and leading to important developments inside and outside the US. The present article examines this incident and the subsequent anti-racism protests in the United States, through the media coverage of two well-known political faction in Iran. The present study is based on qualitative content analysis method and collecting data from selected media on reaction of two important political faction in Iran towards the said event in the US, and while describing the performance of these media and providing some statistics and meaningful quantitative data in this field, presents an analysis of data from the perspective of purposeful highlighting theory and finally, speculates about the performance of the Iranian media about the two well-known political factions, regardless of the explicit and implicit messages they had for domestic audiences and international relations, at five discussed level. The findings of this study show that the structure of the media in Iran and the relationship of the media with the official authorities of the country, has an undeniable impact on the way of reflecting the protests after the killing of George Floyd and undermining of their professional neutrality and independence in covering the events taken place in the United States. The Iranian media coverage of the events in the United States as a symbol of systematic and pervasive discrimination and a sign of the collapse of the liberalism and in contrast to disregarding many events and the limited coverage of events as occasional protests in a democratic society, and indirect reference made about our own domestic situation and dealing with popular protests, are two approaches that have been reflected in Iranian media about the fundamentalist and reformist factions. Each of these approaches have some meaningful commonality and difference with media in other countries.

News websites are one of the modern mass media, which have grown and gained credibility in the last decade due to the facilitating use of web technology. Media credibility is the most valuable asset of any media outlet and is considered by the media as a strategic resource or one of the core organizational assets. The purpose of this research work is to provide a new approach to strategies to increase media credibility in news websites. The research was carried out using qualitative method and data-based theory and data collection method, with the help of in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 16 experts of news databases. The method of data analysis is open, axial and selective coding, which finally, while analyzing qualitative content, strategic components of increasing media credibility in news websites, have been developed. The shaping categories of the proposed structure include media trust (main phenomenon), increasing media credibility (strategy), audience behavioral tendencies (prevailing context), and news authority. The findings showed that in case of professional trust building and proper credibility of news websites, one can hope for the irreplaceable role of  heir public authority in guiding public opinion and promoting the country's news system, far more than other components, and make maximum use of this virtual capacity.

Digital typography is the evolving form of verbal communication in smart societies. This type of communication originates from the new communication needs in twentieth century media. In this article, which is aimed at understanding the principles of digital typography, the first question is how different types of typography were formed in the transition from the printing age to the digital era. For this purpose, at the beginning, the ideological dimension of the transformation of printed typography into dynamic typography is evaluated. Then, by analyzing how digital typography is formed and transformed in digital media, it was revealed that following The crystal Goblet visual poetry and the perception of the same observation, in a clear, expressive and interactive typography, respectively, which formed the role of the reader, and then from reader to viewer and finally leads to the user. The second question is about the origin of different types of verbal communication, within these three types of typographies and the role of that origin, in the development of specialized principles of digital typography. Thus, based on documentary research method, various forms of verbal communication in print, dynamic and digital media are analyzed from the perspective of McClellan and Manovich; and finally, the four principles of usability, meta-textual, limitation and interactionism are explained and presented in a graphic diagram based on Joyce's studies and also considering the origin of media and their determining role in shaping the principles of digital typography. In short, digital typography is the result of the idea of ​​receiving the same observation, which, according to McClellan's theory, extends a new artificial organ of the human body. This type of typography is understood by the right hemisphere of the brain, and since the role of the audience in relation to this typography changes from viewer and listener to user, it is an interactive art that with the help of these four features, a kind of multifaceted verbal communication and simultaneously creates; verbal communication that in the past was limited to visual and auditory communication through speech and writing.

The martyrdom of General Qasem Soleimani and the participation of a very large number of people in his funeral procession, as a military commander, was a unique and significant event that like many major news events in the world, was covered by the global media with different political orientation and affiliation. The aim of this study was to compare the news coverage of Martyr Soleimani's funeral by the media in favor and against the Resistance Front. The research method was quantitative content analysis and the data collection tool, was a reverse questionnaire. The statistical population of the study are all the news related to the funeral ceremony of General Qasem Soleimani from Saturday, January 5 to January 10, 2017. The news of this event was covered by both pro and anti- Resistance Front media such as Al- Alam (Arabic), Al- Mayadeen (Arabic) Al-Manar (Arabic)and Press TV (English) with a total 158 news items, as pro Resistance and Al-Arabia and Al- Horriyah, both Arabic and BBC and CNN, as English and anti- Resistance media with a total news story of 128 about the said funeral service. Total counting was carried out in relations to this research work. The results of testing of the hypotheses showed that there was a significant difference between the news coverage of this event among the media for and against the Resistance Front, so that the media in favor of the Resistance Front, significantly paid more attention to this event, and their orientation, by using persuasive and publicity headlines about the positive characteristics of Qasem Soleimani, has been quite evident. The media opposed to the Resistance Front in their news making process, have used more soft news and variety of formats in comparison to the supportive media of the Resistance Front. In anti-resistance media, news elements are more prominent in the lead section of the news story than pro-resistance media; but in the pro-resistance media, the number of news values ​​used in the news story were more prominent than in the opposing media. However, although there is a meaningful difference between the two media groups for and against the Resistance Front, but concerning the use of Iranian sources in news writing, there are similarities in provided statistics provided.

The present research work is aimed at finding out the main dimensions of the consumerism displayed by celebrities by studying one of the celebrity reality-based programs about the lifestyle, called Iranian Dinner 2. Concerning the theoretical foundations, the concept of overt or show-offing consumption of Thorstein Weblen was used, and methodically, qualitative content analysis was used to provide a general classification, and John Fisk's semiotics was used for a more detailed analysis. One of the important questions of the research is how this program promotes the ideology of consumerism at the levels of reality and representation. By separating the program into two main parts of the outdoor environment (including shopping, car, residential district and the general atmosphere of the city) and indoor environment (including kitchen, entrance and reception, around the dining table and scoring) how in each section, the codes of the level of reality and the level of representation, are combined to convey the macro-narrative and the ideology of consumerism. The results revealed that the concept of show- offing consumption of celebrities, in the four main dimensions of the body, clothing, food and home furniture, is presented to the audience.