فصلنامه مطالعات روانشناسی بالینی
پیاپی 44 (پاییز 1400)

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the role of psychotherapist-patient gender on the transference patterns of cluster B personality disordered patients during their psychodynamic psychotherapy.

Using an expo-facto design, four groups of 20 patients and their psychotherapists were selected through purposive sampling method and Psychotherapy Relationship Questionnaire (PRQ) was completed by the therapists about their patients. The PRQ for the first time translated into Persian language in this research and Chronbach’s Alpha in Iranian patients was computed for its five dimensions. The transference patterns in five categories including: 1-Angry/entitled 2- Anxious/preoccupied 3- Secure/engaged 4- Avoidant/ counter dependent 5-Sexualized were estimated applying the questionnaire. Results were analyzed by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Angry/entitled transference revealed as the most common transference among five dimensions, while the Sexualised transference appeared as minimum. The anxious/preoccupied, secure/engaged and avoidant/ counter dependent patterns revealed moderate as well. One-way analysis of variance showed a significant difference for sexualised transference pattern. No significant statistical effect observed on other transferential patterns. Tukey post-hoc test indicated significantly differences with more sexualized transference indices for “male therapist-female patient” and “female therapist - male patient” rather than “male therapist - male patient” and “female therapist - female patient” combination.

Heterogeneous combination such as “female therapist- male patient” and contrariwise conveyed higher sexualised transference extent in the dynamic psychotherapy of cluster B patients rather than homogeneous one. The sexualised transferences in “male therapist-female patient” state was higher than “female therapist- male patient” as well. A robust angry/entitled transferential pattern was evident in the dynamic psychotherapy of cluster B personality disordered patients, while others were uncommon.

Internet addiction is a widespread problem inflicting most of today’s societies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotion efficacy therapy on the reduction of internet dependency and psychological vulnerability (depression, anxiety and stress) in students with symptoms of internet addiction. The research was quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-test and control group. The statistical population of the study included all male students of state technical schools with symptoms of internet addiction in the year 2020 in Tabriz City. In order to select the sample, one district from five educational districts and then a technical school were selected randomly. After that, the students possessing the inclusion criteria to the research were screened by Young’s Internet Addiction Test (YIAT20) and from among them 40 students were purposively assigned to either experimental or control group, each group consisting of 20 students. The experimental group received eight session emotion efficacy therapy whereas the control group received no intervention in this period. For the collection of data, Young’s Internet Addiction Test (YIAT20) and Lovibond’s Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) were used. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results from the comparison of the post-tests of the groups indicated that scores of internet dependency and psychological vulnerability of experimental and control groups varied significantly (p<0.01). The results showed that emotion efficacy therapy reduced internet dependency and psychological vulnerability (depression, anxiety and stress) in students with symptoms of internet addiction.

Children with separation anxiety disorder have many problems in their mental health and social life.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Training based philosophy for children on psychological flexibility and social performance in children with separation anxiety disorder aged 6 to 12 years with separation anxiety disorder. Research method in this study; The quasi-experimental was pretest and posttest with the control group. The statistical population was all children referred to Shamim Counseling Center in Kermanshah in 2019-2020. The sample group consisted of 20 children with separation anxiety disorder. The sample was selected by purposive sampling and random sampling. The sample group consisted of 20 children with separation anxiety disorder. The sample was selected by purposive sampling and random sampling. First, separation anxiety questionnaires (Han et al., 2003), Matson's social skills (Matson et al., 1983) and the Wisconsin card classification test (Grant and Berg, 1948) were administered to both groups (pretest). The participants in the intervention group then received Training based philosophy for children in 10 sessions of 60 minutes once a week; While the control group did not receive any educational intervention. Then both groups were re-evaluated with the mentioned questionnaires (post-test). The follow-up stage was held 2 months after the post-test. Covariance analysis was used to analyze the data by observing the defaults. The results showed that psychological flexibility and social functioning increased significantly (P <0.05) and the level of anxiety in these children decreased significantly.

Psychopathology is often an interpersonal issue and interpersonal problems are one of the most common areas of concern expressed by clients. Regardless of the origin of the psychological disorders, most psychological traumas have important interpersonal consequences, and therefore the success of treatment largely depends on a careful analysis of interpersonal relationships in couples' psychotherapy. In this paper, the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM) approach was described and demonstrated by pooled regression for dyadic data analysis for a small sample of couples. This method can be done using conventional statistical software and manual calculations. Therefore, this method of analysis is more suitable for researchers and psychotherapists who want to learn more about their clients, but do not have the sample size available for them to use structural equation modeling or multilevel modeling. This method has several advantages over other approaches used to analyze this type of data. The main advantage is that psychotherapists and researchers can explain the effect of interdependence between members of a couple (for example, spouse, sibling or patient and client) and can examine the effect of the actor and the effect of the partner. As a result, more accurate statistical inferences can be made using this method to help researchers and therapists understand relationships in a couple relationship. The actor-partner interdependence model (APIM) approach helps to incorporate the dependence of a couple's members into the analysis and to consider the dyad as a unit of analysis instead of focusing on the individual, which is a strategic issue in clinical settings. It paves the way for client analysis, and this allows researchers and psychotherapists to improve research related to their field of work in the field of psychology and counseling.

The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of online unified transdiagnostic treatment with an online developed intervention based on training of mindfulness, resilience and emotion regulation on positive and negative meta-emotion components in pregnant women with psychological distress. This study was a clinical trial with pretest, post-test and follow-up. The statistical population consisted of all pregnant women referring to health care centers in Boroujerd city. Forty-five pregnant women with psychological distress were randomly assigned to the intervention groups and one control group using the purposive sampling. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to analyze the data. The results showed that Both intervention approaches were effective in improving all components of meta-emotion (p <0.05) and only there was a statistically significant difference in the component of interest between the two treatment groups (P = 0.002). It seems that the results of this study can help health care providers to improve the mental health of pregnant women.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prediction of personality disorders based on neglect and emotional exploitation during childhood with mediated anger in hypertensive patients, which was a correlational method based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study included all patients with hypertension referred to medical clinics in Tehran’s 14, 15 and 16 district, that 300 individuals were selected and randomly selected. Data were collected using the Childhood Impact Questionnaire of Brestin et al. (1995), the Millon Multi-Axis Clinical Examination (1994) and Spielberger Anger Questionnaire (1999). The data were analyzed by structural equation modeling using SPSS and Amos software. The results showed a significant correlation between neglect and exploitation and personality disorders with a path coefflcient of. /422 and (p=0/000) and personality disorders and anger with a path coefflcient. of. /754 and (p=0/000). The path analysis modeling model also showed the mediating role of anger between personality disorders and neglect and affective exploitation, as well as the effect of negligence and emotional exploitation on anger with a coefflcient of. /602 and(p=0/000) and the effect of anger on personality disorders has a direct effect of. ./754 and (p=0/000) as well as its total indirect effect. ./895 . has been compared with the direct impact of. /422 emotional exploitation and neglect in personality disorders is far more and significant.