نشریه مطالعات مدیریت گردشگری
پیاپی 57 (بهار 1401)

The purpose of study is to investigate the effect of scarcity messages on impulsive buying motivation and tourists' impulsive buying behavior when booking online with the moderating role of travel experience. Data collection tools were a questionnaire and the statistical population of the study were tourists who had no experience in booking tourism products online.384, samples were selected. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses and WARP PLS software.The results showed that time-limited scarcity messages on impulsive buying motivation, impulsive buying motivation on impulsive buying behavior, high demand based scarcity messages on impulsive buying motivation and also low supply-based scarcity messages on impulsive buying motivation had a positive and significant effect. But travel experience has no moderating role in the relationship between time-limited scarcity messages and impulsive buying motivation, and this hypothesis has been rejected. Finally, according to the research results, research and executive suggestions are presented.

The purpose of this study is to develop a scale to measure the tourists trust in Gilan province as one of the most attractive tourist destinations in the country using the mixed method research. Qualitative data were collected using semi-structured interviews and saturation realization in the twelfth interview with academic experts, policy makers and tourism planners. Data analysis with the help of classic grounded theory, in two stages of Substantive and theoretical coding leads to the extraction of 48 concepts, 19 sub-categories and finally 6 main categories of trust in tourism destination management, travel service agencies, Employees of tourism service providers and cyberspace content; as a constituent dimension of trust in the tourism industry. In the quantitative stage, based on the extracted components, a questionnaire was prepared and given to 389 tourists visiting different cities and the validity of the model was confirmed using exploratory factor and confirmatory factor analysis.

The purpose of this study was to identify feasibility marketing indicators of sport tourism development in free trade, industrial and economic zones of Iran.The research method was qualitative, which was conducted with the heuristic-exploration strategy. Theoretical saturation was achieved with 21 experts. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis through the coding process using MAXQDA. Promotion of tourist attractions, attracting sport tourists, risk, infrastructure and natural capacities, approaches of neighboring countries are among the main indicators were recognized. Use new digital technologies, cultural and social capacity building, tourist attraction management, private sector investor, local residents, inter-organizational interaction, economic and business capacity free zones, infrastructure facilities and natural attractions emphasize new and successful experiences. The results emphasize the need to use new digital technologies, advertising, national media, marketing, local residents, inter-organizational interaction, economic capacity, infrastructure, successful experiences in the development of sport tourism in Iran's free trade, industrial and economic zones.

The main purpose of this research was to investigate and identify some of the factors affecting the provision and development of tourism services by gardeners of Caspian Sea coastal provinces (Golestan, Gilan and Mazandaran provinces). Statistical population of this research included all multifunctional and monofunctional gardeners in Golestan, Gilan and Mazandaran provinces who were selected using stratified ransom Sampling with proportional assignment (n=280) and convenience sampling (n=148) respectively. Data were gathered using questionnaire. Results showed that attitude of multifunctional gardeners toward agritourism development were relatively positive while monofunctional gardeners showed a neutral perspective. Knowledge and skill of monofunctional and multifunctional gardeners in developing agritourism were average and high respectively. Results also showed that variables including; attending the entrepreneurship training courses, level of knowledge and skill in developing agritourism, entrepreneurial spirit and skill and gardeners` attitude toward agritourism explained 66.7 percent of dependent variable (provision of agritourism).

One of the Behavioral manifestations of tourists is loyalty. The purpose of this thesis is to explain the model of tourist’s loyalty of the cultural heritage in Ramsar destination. The statistical population of the survey are the tourists, visitors and participants in Ramsar Cultural Heritage attractions. According to the instructions, the sample number was estimated at 780 people. The findings indicate that the value, participation, and perceived quality variables have a positive and direct impact on the satisfaction, trust, and loyalty of tourists to the cultural heritage of Ramsar destination. Also, the satisfaction variable has been an effect on trust and loyalty and the variable of trust has a positive and direct impact on the loyalty of these tourists. Based on the findings and testing of the hypotheses, the final model and solutions are presented in the form of conclusions and suggestions for managers and directions for future research.

This study uses a mixed research framework to propose a model of ecotourism development in Iran. In the qualitative part, practitioners and experts were interviewed to extract the elements of the model, and the data were analyzed through thematic analysis. Therefore, four dimensions and 19 were detected. In the quantitative part, the dimensions and strategies were arranged into a questionnaire and were ranked by Iranian tourism experts. The results of analysis through hesitant fuzzy sets method revealed that the most important ecotourism development dimensions in Iran were “Management,” “Infrastructure development,” “Marketing,” and “Training and developing human resources.” Also, the most critical ecotourism development strategies were “marketing activities for increasing market share in ecotourism,” “diversifying Iran’s ecotourism products,” “improving roads leading to target villages for tourism,” and “increasing resilience of destinations in the face of natural disasters”, respectively.

The tourism ecosystem is recognized as a factor of economic prosperity and environmental protection, and a sustainable tourism ecosystem ensures the equitable distribution of opportunities for future generations. The present study aimed to identify the factors affecting the sustainable tourism ecosystems using a Meta Synthesis approach. In this study, 39 studies related to the subject have been extracted from various scientific databases since 1994-2020, which have been examined using the seven-step model of Sandelowski and Barroso. By analyzing their content, the relevant concepts and categories were extracted and the importance and priority of the concepts were determined using the Shannon entropy method. The categories of human capital education, culture, personal characteristics, networking and markets, investment and financing, legislation and policies and infrastructure are the most important factors affecting the sustainable tourism ecosystems, respectively.

The main purpose of this study is to design the brand reinforcement model of FarsProvince as a tourism destination. It used deep interviews with 10 tourism industry activists following the grounded theory approach and analyzed the data in the MAXQDA software. In this respect, 222 initial concepts were determined within six main categories and 113 subcategories, and the final paradigm model of the study was designed. Then, in the quantitative phase of the study, 359 questionnaires, extracted from the paradigm model, were administered among the domain activists for model validation, and the results were tested by the structural equations modeling method and LISREL 8.8. software. The results, confirming the research hypotheses, show that the reinforcement of the tourism destination brand is influenced by causal condition,, contexual factors and intervening factors . However, it leads to sociocultural, political, economic, and environmental developments through designing and compiling an inclusive strategic tourism program.

Tourism and religion have always been inextricably linked. This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the mental patterns of tourists in religious tourism destinations in the city of Mashhad and is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of method. In this research, Q methodology has been used to identify mental patterns. The statistical population of the study was tourists who have experienced travel to the holy city of Mashhad at least once. The sampling method was purposeful. The data obtained from the participation of 25 religious tourists in Mashhad were analyzed using Q factor analysis with SPSS 22.0 software. The findings of this study have identified seven mental types for the meaning of religious tourism: 1) Spiritualists, 2) Pacifists, 3) Belongers, 4) Liberators, 5) Seekers, 6) Subjectivists & 7) Empiricists.

The purpose of this study is to identify and design a tourism ecosystem pattern in Khalkhal city. The present research is based on the purpose of application and in terms of method and nature of the mixed type. The statistical population of the research includes 15 local experts working in the field of entrepreneurship and tourism. ISM and MicMac software were used to analyze the information. The results showed that each element has a different position in the two methods, depending on the type of communication with other elements that are direct, indirect and potential. Nevertheless, the design results of the final model showed that the two elements of governance and leadership, physical infrastructure, and attractions are the underlying elements of the ecosystem. In contrast to the elements of quality of life, terrestrial factors, human resources, and financial infrastructure are the predominant elements of tourism ecosystems in the region.