نشریه رویش روان شناسی
سال یازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 71، اردیبهشت 1401)

The aim of this study was to study the efficacy of integrated exposure and response Prevention and acceptance and commitment-based therapy (ACT + ERP) in reducing obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The study population consisted of all male patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder who were referred to the clinic of Shafa Hospital in Rasht in 1400 and based on a Structured Clinical Interview for Disorders- I axis  (SCID-I), they received a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder, of which 3 were selected by purposeful sampling. Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (Y-BOCS) was used to measure the intensity of the obsession and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-2) were used to evaluate anxiety and depression, respectively. Chart analysis, percentage of recovery, and reliable change index have been used to analyze the data. The results showed that the severity of the obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, and anxiety of patients decreased significantly (statistically and clinically) due to the use of an integrated exposure and response Prevention and acceptance and commitment-based therapy (ACT+ERP). Therefore, the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy integrated exposure and response prevention (ACT+ERP) can be used to reduce obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Intensive and Short-Term Dynamic Therapy (ISTDP) on defense mechanisms and emotional expression in individuals with coronavirus-induced death anxiety. The method of the present study was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test & follow-up design with the control group. The statistical population of the present study included all undergraduate students of accounting at the Azad University of Tehran in the first semester of 2021, who scored higher than the cut-off (70 and above) in the coronavirus-induced death anxiety that 34 people selected in a purposive manner after screening and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (17 people in each group). Treatment (8 sessions of 75 minutes per week) was presented to the experimental group individually. Also for data collection, Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ, Andrews, et al., 1993), Expressed Emotion (EEQ, King and Ammons, 1990), and Coronavirus-induced Death Anxiety (CDA, Naji, 2021) were used and analyzed by Multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed that intensive and short-term dynamic therapy reduces coronavirus-induced death anxiety, and neurotic and immature defenses, and increases emotional and mature defenses. (p<0.01). Dynamic psychotherapy can facilitate coping strategies with anxiety and how to express emotion, and dynamic psychotherapy allows better defense mechanisms to be used. Therefore, it can be said that according to the intended therapeutic goals, dynamic psychotherapy can be used to affect different dimensions of individual problems.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of coping strategies in the relationship between personality type D and quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In regard to the purpose, this research was Basic, and in regard to method, it was a correlation study. The study community included all Patients with irritable bowel syndrome in Kashan in 2020, among them 250 Patients were selected as samples by available sampling. Research questionnaires included: The quality of Life Questionnaire (IBS-QOL-34) (Patrick, Drossman 1998), D personality type scale (DS-14) (Denollet 1998), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) (Endler, Parker 1990). structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Findings showed that the assumed model possessed an eligible fitting. In this model, the D personality type had a direct and significant relation with coping strategies (P<0.05), coping strategies had a direct and significant relation with Quality of Life (P<0.05), and the D personality type relationships indirectly by mediating the role of emotion-focused and avoidance-focused coping predict Quality of Life in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (P<0/05). Therefore, appropriate strategies for personality and cognitive interventions should be adopted to improve the quality of life in IBS patients.

The aim of this study was to compare health anxiety, Difficulties in emotion regulation, and metacognitive beliefs in people with and without skin diseases. This study was a comparative study and the statistical population of the study included all people with skin disorders who were referred to dermatologists in Urmia in the period 1997-98 and Unimportant people in Urmia. Sampling in this study was purposeful and 100 people (50 people with skin disorders and 50 Unimportant people) were selected by this method. Data were assessed using the Health Anxiety Inventory (18-HAI) (Salkovskis & Warwick, 2002), the Emotion Difficulty Questionnaire (DERS) (Gritz & Roemer, 2004), and the Metacognitive Beliefs Questionnaire (MCQ-30) (Wells, 1997). , Was collected. The obtained data were analyzed using a multivariate analysis of variance. The results of this study showed health anxiety, difficulty in regulating emotion, and metacognitive beliefs (positive beliefs about worry, negative beliefs about thought control, cognitive uncertainty, need for thought control, and cognitive self-awareness) in people with and without diseases. There is a significant difference in skin level at the level of 0.05 (P <0.05). These findings indicate that health anxiety, difficulty in regulating emotion, and metacognitive beliefs are among the variables associated with skin diseases and are seen differently in people with skin diseases than in the non-skin group. . Accordingly, psychological training can be used to modulate vulnerable psychological characteristics in this group of people.

Cultural and environmental factors and genetic factors can lead to mental disorders and reduce mental health. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a mental illness that can occur under the influence of cultural factors. Therefore, in the present study, cultural issues in Iranian society that affect obsessive-compulsive disorder have been studied. This study is a secondary study with a systematic review method. After searching domestic databases from 2001 until now (Magiran and Noormags) and foreign databases from 2000 until now (Science Direct and Pubmed) and using the Prisma method, a total of 377 articles were investigated and according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, finally 21 related research entered the study. The study of associated articles showed that the most cultural influences on obsessive-compulsive disorder respectively are: religious misconceptions, family relationships, family members' reactions, and their effect on the patient's emotions and social norms and attitudes towards individuals. Accordingly, increasing awareness of cultural issues among family members, friends and relatives, teachers and community mental health professionals can help to reduce the signs and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive patients.

The aim of this study was to predict‎ children's social skills ‎ based ‎on family social capital according to the mediating role of parents' moral ‎character‎. The study population included all parents of elementary school ‎ students in Yazd who were studying in the academic year 2019-2020. The sample size was ‎‎400 parents who were selected by cluster (multi-stage) random sampling method ‎and 382 of them completed the questionnaires. The social skills rating system (SSRS) ‎, Family social capital ‎questionnaire (FSCQ) ‎‎(Akbari, 2014) ‎, and Moral character ‎questionnaire (MCQ) ‎‎(khormaee and Ghaemi,‎‏ ‏‎2018)‎ were used to measure the studied variables. PLS-SEM was used to perform ‎structural equations. Results Structural equation analysis showed that direct paths ‎of social capital to moral character ‎ are significant (p<0.001, β = 0.23). Direct ‎paths of social capital to social skills are significant. (β= 0.26, P=0.002) The ‎direct paths of moral character ‎ to social skills are significant (β= 0.25, p<0.001). ‎The finding also showed that the indirect path of social capital to social skills is ‎also significant due to the mediating role of moral character‎ (β=0.057, p=0.045). Model fitness indices also showed that the model has an acceptable fitness. ‎It can be concluded that the family social capital can predict the children's social skills‎ both directly and through ‎parents' moral character‎.

The present study was a qualitative study with the aim of studying the role of cross-border network drama films on how homemaking and working women interact with their husbands. The research society included working housewives living in Tehran through 2020, who watched movies on Persian-speaking channels based outside of the country. Among the aforementioned population, sampling was done in a targeted manner in form of snowballs and to the extent of saturation. Using semi-structured interviews, information related to the sample was collected and the research findings were analyzed by content analysis. After analyzing the content of the interviews and coding them, 9 themes on housewives and 9 more themes on working wives were extracted from the channels that directly affected their interactions with their husbands. Findings showed that the role of the channel movies on how housewives and working women interact with their husbands contains two nuclear themes including "although the instability of families in foreign movies is blamed by housewives but their lifestyles and interactions are influenced by these films" and "although the instability of families in foreign movies is blamed by working women but wanton communication among characters is their ideal type of communication they expect in their lives. "According to the results, such films affect women's interactions in their married life.

The aim of this study was to predict marital boredom based on social comparison and the exchange style of couples. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population was married people with marital boredom in Tehran in the first half of 2021, of which 298 people were selected as a sample using the available sampling method. Data collection tools were Couple Burnout Measure (CBM) Pines (1996), Social Exchange Styles Questionnaire (SESQ) Leybman et al. (2011), and Social Comparison Questionnaire (SCQ) Gibbons & Buunk (1999). Data were analyzed by SPSS24 software using multiple Regression analyses. The results showed that social comparison and exchange styles of follow-up, individualism, and utilitarianism have a positive relationship with marital boredom, while exchange styles of fairness and extreme investment were negatively correlated with marital boredom (p<0.01). 35% of the total variance of marital boredom was explained by couple exchange styles and social comparison (p<0.001). Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the social comparison and the maladaptive style of the couple exchange cause their marital boredom.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of socio-emotional skills training in improving academic excitement and academic resilience in female students. The method of the present study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with the control group. The statistical population of the study included all-female high school students in the second year of Ardabil in the academic year 2020-2021. The research sample consisted of 40 people who were selected by the available sampling method and placed in two groups of 20 people (experimental group and control group) by simple random sampling. For the experimental group, a social-emotional skills training program was held in 10 sessions of 75 minutes (1 session per week). No intervention was performed for the control group. The Academic Resilience Questionnaire (ARI) by Samuels (2004) and the Academic Excitement Questionnaire (AEQ) by Pekran et al. (2005) were used to collect data. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) test was used to analyze the collected data using SPSS software version 22. research findings showed that social-emotional skills training had a significant effect on increasing educational excitement (p<0.01) and academic resilience (p<0.01) in students in the experimental group. According to the research results, teaching social-emotional skills is effective in improving academic resilience and academic excitement in students; Therefore, school counselors and psychologists can use this educational method to improve academic excitement and academic resilience.

The aim of this study was to study the psychometric properties (reliability and validity) of the Persian version of The Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Expectancies Questionnaire (NSEQ) in high school students. The present study is descriptive and evaluative and studies population is all first and second-grade high school students in Rasht in the academic year 1399-1400. 1900 people were selected by cluster random sampling and they completed the Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation (FASM, Lloyd, Et al, 1997), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire- Short (CERQ-S, Garnefski& Kraaije, 2006), the Persian version of The Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Expectancies Questionnaire (NSEQ, Hasking, Boyes, 2017), Self-Efficacy to Avoid NSSI (SEA-NNSI, Czyz Et al, 2014), and general Self-Efficacy (GSE, Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1997). Results of confirmatory factors analysis showed that the Persian version of the questionnaire had a good fit with its five initial factors and had simultaneous, divergent validity and high internal consistency (All factors between 0.75 and 0.85). Therefore, the Persian version of this questionnaire can be used to assess the population of Iranian students and adolescents.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between marital conflict between parents, psychological well-being, and hope with the mediating role of coping strategies in students. A descriptive correlational design was used. The population includes students of the education organization of Esfahan City, region 2, in the 2018 academic year. A total of 271 female students were selected by cluster sampling method. Data gathered by children's perception of interparental conflict scale (Grych, Seid & Fincham, 1992), self-report coping measure for elementary school children (Causey & Dubow, 1992), hopelessness scale for children (Kazdin, Rodgers and Colbus, 1986), and Stirling children's wellbeing scale (Liddle and Carter, 2010) and then analyzed by path analysis using SPSS-24 and AMOS-24 software. The results showed that marital conflict between parents had a direct and positive relationship with avoiding the problem, externalization, and hopelessness and a direct and negative relationship with the problem-solving and psychological well-being of adolescents (p<0.01). The results of path analysis also showed that marital conflict between parents can indirectly affect well-being and hopelessness in students by affecting externalization and problem-solving coping strategies. Therefore, it can be concluded that externalization and problem solving of coping methods have a significant mediating role in the relationship between parental conflict and psychological well-being and hopelessness in students.

Educational help-seeking serves as a learning strategy for enhancing students’ psychological and motivational abilities. The present research investigates the mediating role of motivational beliefs in relationship to self-directed learning with educational help-seeking in female high school students. The statistical population consisted of female high school students of Tehran, District 18, in the academic year 2021-2022. A number of 256 students were selected by the cluster sampling method who answered Self-Directed Learning - (SDLQ) (Fisher & et al., 2001), Motivational Beliefs - (MSLG) (Pintrich & De Groot 1990), and Educational Help-Seeking (Ryan & Pintrich, 1997) -(HSQ) questionnaires. The data were analyzed by the structural equation modeling method via Spss 22 and Lisrel 8/8 software. An acceptable fit of the data with the modified model was shown by the Fit indicator. The results showed that self-directed learning was able to directly predict educational help-seeking in female students (p<0/01). Indirect self-directed learning indirectly and openly through motivational beliefs was able to predict educational help-seeking in female students. The findings of this study present that self-directed strategies in learning and motivational beliefs can be concluded to be able to play a role in applying help-seeking skills to students. Moreover, paying attention to educational planning with the aim of promoting these strategies in order to comprehend and control learning, make the right decisions facing academic problems and progress students’ learning process is highly significant.

Responsibility is one of the most important and purposeful parts of human education its effects can be seen in different aspects of life and in the educational environment, responsibility can increase the sense of commitment and positive interaction and lead to academic achievement. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of internal motivation on the relationship between academic self-efficacy and academic responsibility in students of Tehran University the statistical sample of this study was 300 students of Tehran University who were selected by the available sampling method and They responded to three questionnaires of academic self-efficacy (CASES) of Owen and Franman (1998) and academic motivation (AMS) of Walland et al. (1993) and academic responsibility (ARS) of Akbay et al. (2016) and data were collected. SPSS-26 software was used to investigate descriptive statistics and Amos-24 software was used to model structural equations research results showed the independent variable of academic self-efficacy with the results of the research showed that the independent variable of academic self-efficacy with academic self-efficacy was answered. The effect on the mediating variable of intrinsic motivation on academic responsibility has a significant indirect effect and in order to increase the sense of academic responsibility in students, we can increase the internal motivation by increasing the sense of academic self-efficacy in them and bringing students to the belief that they are capable and can afford individual academic assignments, and by increasing the internal motivation in students, the sense of responsibility of students increases and with the increase of this sense in them, they can handle university assignments better.

Having friends is very important in the normal development of adolescents and young people, but sometimes these relationships can be extreme and abnormal. The aim of this study was to explain the contexts and consequences of intertwined friendships among girls. The method of this research was qualitative with the Grounded Theory. The samples included 12 female undergraduate and graduate students in Tehran in 1398 who were selected through purposive sampling. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. After reviewing and categorizing the findings in three stages of open, axial, and selective coding, 35 basic concepts were obtained, which reached 14 categories in the axial coding stage and then in the selective coding stage, this number reached 3 categories of factors affecting the tendency to relationships with homosexuals, the various dimensions of the relationship and individual-social consequences of such relationships. The results of the present study showed that the satisfaction of the emotional need and desire to be loved is among the factors that lead to the establishment of friendships in the intertwined and the emotional vacuum as the underlying conditions; family conditions and the generality of such relationships between peers as intervening categories, also affect the main phenomenon. Intertwined friendships lead to the use of strategies in individuals; These include reducing time spent with family, spending more time and energy on the other person, and prioritizing her over anything. These intertwined friendships also have consequences that include: disruption of family relationships, disruption of personal life and negative attitude towards yourself, and negative social attitudes toward the individual.

The main purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of neuro-verbal programming training on academic procrastination and students' emotional self-regulation. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with the control group. The statistical population of the study included students studying in the first secondary school of Tehran, region 4 in the academic year 1400-1401, which was selected using the purposive sampling method and 30 people were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control (each A group of 15 people was assigned. The measuring instruments were the Academic Procrastination Questionnaire (APQ) (Solomon and Rathblum, 1984) and the Emotional Self-Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) (Hoffman and Kashedan, 2010). Neuro-verbal programming training on academic procrastination and emotional self-regulation was performed on the experimental group for 10 sessions of 60 minutes twice a week. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that neuro-verbal programming training had an effect on reducing academic procrastination and increasing emotional self-regulation (P <0.05). From the above findings, it can be concluded that neuro-verbal programming training reduces academic procrastination and increases students' emotional self-regulation, so the implementation of educational workshops based on these concepts in schools is recommended.

Depression and anxiety levels have increased significantly in both disease survivors and the general population during the Covid-19 virus epidemic. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review and summarize effective treatment methods so that they can be a factor for informed decisions by the government and relevant organizations regarding the disease and guidance for the clinical application of anxiety and depression treatment. The present study was descriptive and library method (review type). In order to study various sources in the field of anxiety and depression and using the keywords: (Treatment, Anxiety, Depression, Covid-19) a number of internal and external articles and dissertations from the years (2019 to 2021) by search engines (SID, Magiran, Noormags, Springer, Science Direct and Google Scholar) were found. Finally, out of 124 articles, 35 articles were analyzed and finalized. Therapists around the world used various psychological interventions such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, especially online, Emotional Freedom Techniques, Mindfulness, Emotion Regulation Techniques, and neurofeedback to treat the mentioned mental disorders. Other findings in this study showed that positive psychological characteristics such as high spiritual health and religious coping, high cognitive flexibility and resilience, high spiritual intelligence, self-care, and conscientiousness can help people cope with Corona disease and its problems. According to the review of studies, it was found that in general, during the pandemic of Covid-19, with the increase in the prevalence of anxiety and depression, it is necessary to perform psychological interventions, especially telephone and online services, and strengthen positive psychological characteristics to combat corona disease.

The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of creative comprehension skills training and stress management on social, emotional, and educational adjustment in Teenagers Offenders 15-17 Years. The study is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group.  A total of 36 adolescents from the Boarding Centers of the State Welfare Organization at District 20 in Shahre Ray and District 3 in Shemiranat in the first half of 2018 were selected as the research sample using convenience sampling and based on the inclusion criteria and were randomly put into three groups(two experimental groups and one control group each with 12 members). Then, the participants of experimental groups 1 and 2 were trained in creative thinking skills and stress management in 8 and 7 sessions of 60-70 minutes, respectively. The control group did not receive any training. The Adjustment Inventory of School Students Questionnaire (AISS)(Sinha, & Singh,1993) was the tool used both before and after holding the educational sessions. Application of multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) to the data revealed that teaching creating thinking and stress management skills increased social adjustment in the adolescents without guardians. Moreover, results of the independent t-test indicated that teaching creative thinking was more effective than teaching stress management on social adjustment of the adolescents. Thus, training creative thinking and stress management skills can be used as a supportive factor that prevents the emergence of psychological and social problems in adolescents and as a basis for their healthy growth and development by educators and counselors.

One of the valuable resources for individuals’ emotions about various phenomena is social networks, which can be analyzed to obtain valuable information. The aim of this study was to investigate the model of compliance intention with health recommendations based on the analysis of the emotions of virtual network users in the Corona pandemic. This study was conducted by the data mining method. The statistical population of this study was the texts of Iranian users on virtual social networks Twitter, Telegram, and Instagram. In order to conduct this research, a sample of 2500 texts of pre-processed data of virtual networks Twitter, Telegram, and Instagram from February 20, 2020, to April 19, 2020, were studied, and using the support vector machine algorithm, they were classified into categories intention to compliance health recommendations, and feeling. Finally, the logistic regression method was used to investigate the research question. The findings of this research indicated that users' intention to comply with health recommendations could be predicted. based on the five emotions of fear, trust, sadness, happiness, and anticipation. The results also showed that happiness emotion has a negative relationship and the feelings of fear, trust, sadness, and anticipation have a positive relationship with the compliance intention (P<0.05). In general, the findings of this study indicated the importance of emotions in individuals' health recommendations compliance.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of reality therapy on marital conflict and the severity of Disability in women with Multiple Sclerosis. This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of the study included all female patients with MS referred to the MS Society and specialized clinics in Qazvin in the third quarter of 2018 Among them, 24 people were selected by a convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups of experimental and control (12 in each group). The experimental group received reality therapy training in 8 sessions of 90-75 minutes per week. However, the control group did not receive any intervention. The data collection tool was the Marital Conflict Questionnaire (Sanaei et al., 1996), and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) (Kurtzke, 1983). multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS-18 software was used to analyze the data. Results revealed that reality therapy significantly reduced marital conflicts in women with MS (P<0.01) and severity of Disability (P<0/01). According to the results, reality therapy can be used by therapists and expert counselors to improve the marital relationships and severity of Disability of women with MS.

The aim of this study was to investigate the difficult role of emotion regulation, self-differentiation, and coping styles in predicting referral thinking in adolescents with a history of drug use. This research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study was adolescents who were referred to addiction treatment camps in the 12th district of Tehran in the first six months of 1400. Among them, 120 people with a history of drug use were selected by convenience sampling. Research instruments include the Reference Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ) (Ehring et al., 2010), the Emotion Regulation Difficulty Questionnaire (DERS) (Graz and Roemer, 2004), and the Self-Differentiation Questionnaire (DSI-R) (Skorn and Friedlander, 1989) and the Strategies Questionnaire. CISS (Andler and Parker, 1990). Pearson correlation test and simultaneous multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data. Findings showed difficulty in emotion regulation (difficulty in controlling impulse, lack of emotional awareness, limited access to emotional regulation strategies, and lack of emotional clarity), self-differentiation (emotional reaction and emotional breakdown), and emotional coping style positive and significant relationship my position and problem-oriented coping style have a negative and significant relationship with referential thinking (P <0.05). Regression results also showed that difficulty in regulating emotion, differentiation, and coping styles were able to predict 0.36 of referential thinking. Given the difficulty in regulating emotion, self-differentiation, and coping styles associated with referral thinking, these concepts can be implemented in the form of workshops to reduce the return to addiction.