فصلنامه اعتیاد پژوهی
پیاپی 63 (بهار 1401)

The purpose of this study was to discover the advantages and disadvantages of women with various drug use disorder methods of quitting an addiction in Tehran and providing efficient strategies to improve the quality of their treatment.

The method of the present study was the qualitative method of grounded theory. The study population consisted of women with drug use disorders who had a history of experiencing at least one voluntary or involuntary action to quit their addiction. The sample of the present study was 40 women with substance use disorders who had referred to the Behbastaran Women's Addiction Treatment Center to quit their addiction. In 2018 and 2019, they were selected by theoretical sampling method and were interviewed in depth.

Six treatment methods for quitting addiction with a license, quitting in an addiction camp without a license, quitting at home, quitting a hospital, quitting a prison, and quitting in addiction quit clinics with pills and medication, as the most important methods for quitting addiction in women was discovered in Tehran. By analyzing the text of the interviews, three themes of the advantages of different methods of quitting women, the disadvantages of different methods of quitting women and the positive and negative consequences of different methods of quitting for women emerged. Also, strategies were provided to improve the quality of various treatment methods.

Each method of quitting addiction for women has specific and common advantages and disadvantages, and drug-dependent women, their families, and medical staff should be aware of and provide the best choice for the individual according to the circumstances.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between parenting styles and self-efficacy with drug use tendencies and considering the mediating role of impulsivity.

The research method was descriptive-correlation of structural equations. The statistical population of the study consisted of students of Hakim Sabzevari University in the first semester of 2018-2019 (7248 people). To select the sample, stratified random sampling method was used and 376 people (216 girls and 160 boys) were selected. The research tools included impulsivity questionnaire, addiction scale, self-efficacy questionnaire and parenting practices scale. Structural equation method was used to analyze the data.

Fit indicators of the research model were in good condition. Self-efficacy and parenting styles have a significant effect on drug addiction in students. Impulsivity was also able to mediate between the variables of parenting styles and drug addiction and between self-efficacy and drug addiction.

The research findings indicated a good fit of the conceptual model of the research. It is suggested to pay attention to the variables of impulsivity, self-efficacy and parenting styles in identifying and analyzing clinical disorders, including substance dependence parenting styles in identifying and analyzing clinical disorders such as drug dependence.

The present study aimed to determine the role of personality dimensions and early maladaptive schemas in predicting drug use tendency in men with drug use disorder.

The research sample consisted of all opioid users in Tehran and Alborz provinces who referred to the drug abuse disorders clinic of Iran Psychiatric Hospital in the summer of 2018 in order to quit addiction. Among them, a sample of 190 people was purposefully selected. The research tools included Hexaco personality questionnaire and Young early maladaptive schemas questionnaire. Pearson correlation test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data.

The results of this study showed that there is a significant correlation between personality dimensions and early maladaptive schemas in men with opioid use. Also, personality dimensions and early maladaptive schemas 54.76 percent can predict drug use tendency.

Personality dimensions and early maladaptive schemas play an important role in the tendency of people to use drugs. Therefore, health policy-makers and therapists should pay particular attention to this issue.

This study aimed to measure the level of knowledge management maturity in the drug control headquarters to establish a knowledge management system.

The statistical population in the quantitative part of all anti-drug stakeholders, including managers, staff and drug control experts, staff members of headquarters and non-governmental organizations, is estimated at more than 4,000 people. The number of statistical samples is 384 individual and the method of selecting the sample is stratified random. The qualitative part of the statistical population included 35 experts in the field of drug control. The Delphi method was used to collect research data in the qualitative research stage and a questionnaire was used in the quantitative research stage.

The results of the research showed that the drug control headquarters, in evaluating the 6 levels of measuring the level of knowledge management maturity, is higher than the average in the technology dimension and has a relatively better situation compared to other dimensions and it is at the lowest level in the human resources dimension, despite its importance as a key dimension in the readiness to establish knowledge management in the organization.

According to the results and based on the model of assessing the level of maturity of knowledge management, the drug control headquarters, this headquarters is placed in the second level of evaluation (initial level) in evaluating the indicators of measuring the level of maturity.

Due to the high prevalence of personality disorders, especially borderline and narcissistic personalities in men drug users, the aim of the present study was to investigate clustering of personality disorders based on nature and character dimensions in men drug users.

A sample of 400 men was selected by purposive sampling from men drug users that referred to various specialized psychiatric centers and addiction treatment clinics in Tabriz in 1398. Participants completed the questionnaires on nature and character, narcissistic personality, and the personality assessment - borderline characteristic scale. Data were analyzed using a two-stage cluster analysis test.

The results showed that narcissistic personality traits in men with drug use disorders could be categorized into two clusters based on nature and character dimensions, including grandiose narcissistic (including high innovative characteristic, damage avoidance and self-efficacy and low cooperation) and vulnerable narcissistic (including low innovative characteristic, reward dependency and persistence and high cooperation). Also, borderline personality traits in men with drug use disorders can be categorized into four clusters based on nature and character dimensions in the form of four border clusters self-destructive borderline (including high innovative characteristic and self-direction and low dependence on rewards, persistence and cooperation), impulsive borderline (including high innovative characteristic and damage avoidance, and low reward dependency, persistence and self-sufficiency), discouraged borderline (including low innovative characteristic, damage avoidance and persistence and high self-direction and cooperation) and petulant borderline (including low innovative characteristic, damage avoidance, persistence, reward dependency and cooperation and high self-direction).

The findings of the present study showed that although personality disorders are one of the important companions of drug use disorders, but due to the existence of different types of borderline and narcissistic personality disorders and the combination of various nature and characteristics in each of their subgroups, mental intervention strategies should be applied to prevent recurrence and assist to stop drug abuse should be applied with these characteristics in mind.

The aim of this study was to determine the role of family communication patterns, social support, resilience and stress in predicting self-efficacy of addiction.

The statistical population of the study consisted of patients of addiction treatment clinics in Ahvaz in 2019. The research tools included self-efficacy, family communication patterns, social support, resilience and perceived stress questionnaires. Pearson correlation and regression analysis were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between the communication pattern of dialogue, social support and resilience with the self-efficacy of addiction treatment of treated patients. It was also found that the self-efficacy of quitting addiction has a significant negative relationship with the communication pattern of compliance and perceived stress. The results of regression analysis also revealed that 28% of the self-efficacy variance of quitting addiction can be predicted based on family communication patterns, social support, resilience and stress.

The presence of factors such as family communication pattern with the orientation of dialogue, social support and personal characteristics such as resilience, as well as the removal of factors such as communication pattern of compliance and stressors from the living environment, help self-efficacy of addiction treatment against relapse Resist.

The aim of this study was to investigate the structural relationships between risk-taking and difficulty in emotion regulation with a tendency to addiction relapse in patients undergoing methadone maintenance therapy with respect to the mediating role of distress tolerance and cognitive flexibility.

The research design was descriptive-correlation of structural equations. The statistical population included all addicts undergoing methadone maintenance treatment in Rasht City in 2019. A sample of 260 subjects were selected by consecutive sampling method. Data were collected through cognitive flexibility, distress tolerance, difficulty in emotional regulation, risk-taking tests and brief substance craving scale.

The final model after correction (i.e., eliminating the difficulty in emotion regulation path towards the tendency to relapse) and releasing a number of covariance errors fit well with the data. The results revealed that the direct path coefficients between risk-taking with cognitive flexibility and distress tolerance are negative and significant and with a tendency to addiction relapse are positive and significant. Also, the direct path between difficulty in emotion regulation with cognitive flexibility and distress tolerance was negative and significant. The relationship between mediating variables, namely cognitive flexibility and distress tolerance with the tendency to addiction relapse was negative and significant. Indirect pathways of risk-taking and difficulty in emotion regulation toward the tendency to addiction relapse through mediation of cognitive flexibility and distress tolerance were significant.

Risky behaviors and low ability to regulate intense emotions are the triggers of addiction relapse and it is suggested that booster skills of behavioral control and emotion regulation be included in the therapeutic program for addicts undergoing treatment and interventions are planned to improve cognitive flexibility and increase distress tolerance.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Lazarus multifaceted treatment and matrix treatment on indications for treatment of drug abuse.

The research method was semi-experimental (pre-test-post-test) and the statistical population included all addicts under treatment in Isfahan in 2020, from which 45 people were selected by random sampling and randomly placed in three groups. Research tools included positive-negative mood scale, personal goals questionnaire, drug use temptation questionnaire after quitting and irrational thinking test. The obtained data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that the multifaceted treatment of Lazarus improved all the indicators of treatment except the temptation to re-use and the treatment of the matrix improved all the indicators except the irrational thinking of expecting approval from others and the temptation to re-use. Also, the results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean of Lazarus multidimensional treatment group and the mean of matrix treatment group in positive mood, negative mood, irrational thinking, helplessness against change, irrational thinking, expecting approval from others, irrational thinking, avoidance problem and irrational irresponsible thinking in favor with Lazarus Multidimensional Treatment Group. While there is no significant difference between the mean of Lazarus multidimensional treatment group and Matrix treatment group in adaptive motivation temptation to re-use.

As a result, it is suggested that psychologists of addiction treatment centers use Lazarus multifaceted treatment method according to the studied variables.

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of psychopathic personality traits and aggression in tendency to use drugs in students with conduct disorder symptoms.

The present study population was secondary high school students in the academic year 2020-2021 in Bilesvar, Ardabil, from which 240 people were selected by convenience sampling. Among them, 67 students with a standard deviation above the average on the conduct disorder scale were identified as students with symptoms of conduct disorder and were responded to questionnaires of psychopathic personality traits, aggression, and a tendency to drug use. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between psychopathic personality traits and aggression with drug use tendency in students with symptoms of conduct disorder. Behavioral and interpersonal components of psychopathic personality traits and aggression were significantly predicted 27% of the variance of drug use tendency in the adolescents.

Based on the results of this study, the tendency of students to use drugs with symptoms of conduct disorder can be predicted based on psychopathic personality traits and the degree of aggression.

The aim of the current study was to investigate the moderating role of depression and mindfulness in the relationship between parental marital conflict and adolescents drug abuse tendency.

The method of the present study was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the study was adolescent male students in Nurabad city in 2019-2020, from which 329 adolescents and their parents were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected using marital conflict questionnaire, addiction scale, Beck depression inventory second edition and mindfulness five-factor questionnaire and analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression.

The results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between mindfulness and tendency to use drugs and a significant positive relationship between parents 'marital conflict and depression with adolescents' tendency to use drugs. Also, based on the results of hierarchical regression, the moderating role of depression and mindfulness in the relationship between parental marital conflict and adolescent drug use tendencies was confirmed.

The present study highlights the moderating role of depression and mindfulness as an important mechanism in the relationship between parental marital conflict and adolescent drug use tendencies. Therefore, the results are of considerable practical and theoretical importance in intervention and prevention of drug use among male adolescents.

The aim of this study was structure modeling the tendency to addiction based on the traits of the five-factor personality mediated by resilience.

The present study was a descriptive-correlational modeling of structural equations. The statistical population of this study included students of Masjed Soleiman Azad University in 2020. 217 students were selected using Cochran's formula by available sampling method. Participants answered the resilience questionnaire, the personality traits questionnaire, and the addiction tendency questionnaire. Pearson correlation, structural equation modeling and bootstrap were the methods used to analyze the data.

The results confirmed the fitting of the hypothetical research model. Only the agreeableness trait did not show a good fit with the model, which was removed after corrections and the model improved. The four characteristics of the five-factor personality model, including neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, and conscientiousness, were directly related to resilience. Also, these characteristics were indirectly related to resilience-mediated, with a tendency to addiction.

According to the results, personality traits by modulating resilience reduce the tendency to addiction in students and having resilience against stress can moderate the role of personality traits on tendency of students to addiction.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between bullying and antisocial behaviors with early maladaptive schemas and defense mechanisms among drug addicts.

The research method was descriptive-correlation. The study population is all drug users in Tabriz who had referred to addiction treatment centers and public and private camps for treatment. Among them, 381 people were selected by cluster random sampling. Each of the subjects in this study answered the Young Schema questionnaire (short form), the defense styles questionnaire, the bullying scale, and the psychopathy scale. Data were analyzed using multivariate regression analysis.

The results showed that there is a relationship between bullying behaviors and anti-social behaviors with early maladaptive schemas and with defense mechanisms. Accordingly, 23% of bullying behaviors are predicted by early maladaptive schemas and 11% of antisocial behaviors are predicted by these schemas. On the other hand, 9% of bullying behaviors and 12% of anti-social behaviors can be predicted by defense mechanisms.

According to the results, it is possible to predict antisocial and bullying behaviors by identifying early maladaptive schemas and defense mechanisms of drug abusers.

The aim of this study was the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based on education with emphasis on Islamic concepts on impulsive decision making and cognitive flexibility of addicted women.

The research method was quasi-experimental of pretest, posttest and follow-up design with control group. The statistical population included all women using drugs referred to addiction treatment clinics in Mashhad in 2018. Thirty people were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of acceptance and commitment treatment with an attitude towards Islamic sources. Data were collected using questionnaires of impulsivity and cognitive flexibility and analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.

The results showed that acceptance and commitment training with an attitude towards Islamic sources significantly increased cognitive flexibility and reduced impulsive decision making in the experimental group compared to the control group and these results remained stable in the two-month follow-up.

This study provides empirical support for acceptance and commitment therapy with an attitude towards Islamic sources, to reduce impulsive decision making and increase cognitive flexibility of addicted women.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the twelve-step method of the association of anonymous addicts on marital conflicts and parent-child conflicts of addicts participating in the association of anonymous addicts in Estahban.

The research was a semi-experimental study pretest-posttest design and control group. Participants included all the addicts in the association of anonymous addicts in Estahban that 20 of them were selected by purposive sampling and divided into two groups (the experimental group and the control group). Data collection tools included marital conflict and parent conflict questionnaires. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using analysis of covariance.

The results showed that the twelve-step method of the association of anonymous addicts had improved marital conflicts and parent-child conflicts and reduced the frequency and severity of parent-child conflicts.

The twelve-step method of the association of anonymous addicts plays an important role in the process of recovery of a person to a healthy life and appropriate family and social relationships.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the level of anxiety and quality of life in women with opioid use disorder.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population included 200 women addicted to drugs in East Azerbaijan province in 2019 (reports of the Welfare Department). The statistical sample consisted of 30 individuals who referred to the addiction treatment camp for women and Bagh-e Fereshteh treatment and rehabilitation center in Tabriz, who were selected by convenience sampling method. Data collection tools included Beck anxiety questionnaire and WHO quality of life questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using analysis of covariance.

Data analysis showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy intervention had a significant effect on reducing anxiety and increasing the quality of life dimensions including physical health, mental health, social relationships and environmental health of women with drug use disorders.

According to the results, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy intervention can be used as an effective treatment to reduce anxiety and improve the quality of life of women with opioid disorders.