فهرست مطالب

فصلنامه آزمایشگاه و تشخیص
پیاپی 55 (بهار 1401)

تاریخ انتشار: 1401/03/25
تعداد عناوین: 21

فارسی
English

انتخاب همه

A review on the lates t clinical and laboratory criteria for clinical diagnosis of Sys temic Lupus Erythematosus

Dr. F. Nasri, Dr. S. Sharifzadeh Page 9

Sys temic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with various organs involvement which early diagnosis of disease is critical for successful treatment. The subjects with the possibility of SLE who visit by physician, their full medical his tory and speciic immunological tes ts should inves tigate precisely in order to subsequently asses their hematological and renal parameters to classify as SLE patients. SLE diagnosis should be done based on the presence of anti-double s tranded DNA (dsDNA) or low levels of complement components. Importantly, high levels of anti-ds DNA and low levels of C3 and C4 complement components are simultaneously indicating a recent recurrence of SLE. In order to improve reliability and precision in SLE diagnosis, new SLE classiication criteria were developed by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR). The lates t update of ACR criteria are currently published in 2019, would be referenced to classify and diagnose SLE disease.

Keywords: SLE, ACR, ANA, anti-ds DNA, C3, C4

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Fungal Infections of Respiratory Tract Final Section

Dr. M. Ghahri Page 16

His toplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum, Blas tomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, and Penicillium marnefei are endemic dimorphic fungi that may infect the respiratory tract. Sporothrix schenkeii, which manifes ts the typical thermal dimorphism of the endemic dimorphic organisms, does not seem to follow a geographically deined endemic pattern of dis tribution. Mos t infections with any of these fungi are initiated by inhalation of conidia in nature. The pulmonary infection may be asymptomatic and resolve spontaneously, but reactivation may occur subsequently. Any of these fungi may disseminate from the lungs to other organs. These fungi routinely infect persons with apparently normal immunity and hence are named primary fungal pathogens. The fungi usually are contained by alveolar macrophages which are modulated by T lymphocytes, producing granulomatous inlammatory response for H. capsulatum, P. brasiliensis, and P. marnefei. A combined acute or pyogenic and chronic inlammatory response is often observed with C. immitis and B. dermatitidis. More than 95% of cases of his toplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis are es timated to be selflimiting. In mos t cases the only evidence of infection is the development of an immune response, which is manifes ted by the production of speciic antibodies, development of precipitins and complement-ixing antibodies. The small percentage of these events that advance to progressive pulmonary infection or clinically overt disseminated infection are often associated with predisposing risk factors, particularly underlying defects in HIV-infected hos ts or patients receiving corticos teroids. The dimorphic fungi that cause sys temic mycoses are identiied by direct microscopic examination of specimens, by isolation and characterization of the fungus in cultures, by DNA probing of isolates, or by demons tration of speciic exoantigens produced in culture.

Keywords: pulmonary fungal infections, sys temic mycoses, invasive fungal infections, invasive mycoses, visceral mycoses

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Hemoglobin A1c: Clinical applications and analytical considerations

Dr. M. A. Takhshid, Dr. R. Arabsolghar Page 29

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the mos t common disorder of carbohydrate metabolism. Hyperglycemia is the common feature of DM. Hyperglycemia causes cardiovascular, renal, ocular, and peripheral nerve disorders in patients with diabetes. Glycemic regulation plays an essential role in controlling these complications. Thus, evaluation of the glycemic control s tatus is crucial in the management of DM. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is the mos t common methods that used to assess the glycemic s tatus of patients with diabetes. The present review article aims to explore the analytical and clinical aspects of HbA1c.

Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Hemoglobin A1C, Diagnosis, Glycemic Control, Quality Control

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Approval of the relationship of a daughter and her mother’s skeleton bone by molecular genetic diagnos tic methods

Dr. D. Farhud, Ms. M. Azari, Ms. H. Aryan, Ms. A. Mehrabi Page 37

This article discusses the importance of genetics in today’s life and societies, the extent to which this knowledge helps us without time cons traints. For ins tance, to make this topic more tangible, a reference to the Genetics Clinic for genetic inves tigation in the ye ar 1399, ha s be en described. The referee reques ted a ge netic tes t using he r own bl ood a nd a piece of a deceased person’s bone, as she had los t her mother in childhood, and the deceased person had pieces of evidence of being her m other. F inally, t o di spel a ny doubt s, t he re feree reques ted a n i dentiication tes t. The re sults a nd t he c omparison of t he markers showed that the bone sample was consis tent with the sample of the referred person, and it belonged to her mother. In the same way, helpful facts can be obtained from genetic material data even after many years.

Keywords: M olecular ge netic t es ting, D NA of s keletal bone, Ide ntiication, F orensic m edicine

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The role of biomarkers in the diagnosis and diferentiation of thyroid cancers

Dr. R. Nekouian, Ms. M. Saraei Page 41

Thyroid cancer is one of the mos t common endocrine cancers in the body, which accounts for approximately 1.8% of all malignancies in Iran and its prevalence is reported to be higher among women than men .This type of cancer is classiied into four main subgroups including papillary (PTC), follicular (FTC), medullary (MTC) and Anaplas tic (ATC).To diferentiate diferent types of cancer, biopsy methods such as FNAB are usually used, which is an invasive method and has a low speciicity, so that about 20 to 40% of the results of this method are not reliable. With the advancement of genetics, the use of markers such as miRNAs to diagnose, diferentiate, treat and predict the prognosis of this disease has been considered by many researchers. In this review article, we dealt with some markers and their possible role in diferent type of thyroid carcinoma.

Keywords: m iRNAs, Thyroid c ancer, D iferentiate

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The role of microRNA in acute/chronic, myeloid/lymphocytic leukemia

Ms. N. Kashi, Dr. N. Einollahi Page 46

MicroRNAs are small, non-coding sequences that regulate gene expression by inducing degradation or translational inhibition of target mRNAs. These molecules control many intracellular physiological and pathological processes.Abnormal expression of these moleculs has been described in diferent cancers including hematopoietic cancers. According to the type of cancer and the s tage, miRNA’s expression and it’s type are diferent.

Materials and methods

In this s tudy, we have used 35 references which have s tudied the relevance between the expression of microRNAs in acute/chronic, myeloid/lymphoid leukemias. These references were obtained by searching for the keywords hematological malignancies, microRNA, miRNA, Leukemia, ALL, AML, CML, CLL in PUBMED, Google Scholar, Elsevier databases. S tudies showed changes in expression of miR-181a, let-7a, miR-30d, miR-155, miR-150, and miR-92 can be used for the diagnosis of patients with chronic lymphoid leukemia. Also according to the s tudies in patients with acute lymphoid leukemia, miRNA-100 miRNA-196b, let-7e, miRNA-128a, miRNA-210, miRNA-128b, miRNA-151, j-miRNA-5, miRNA -130b miRNA-218, miRNA-128a, miRNA-204, miRNA-331 miRNA-181b miRNA-20, can be used for diagnosis of these patient. Changes in the amount of expression of miR-150, miR-155 has-miR10a, miRNA-155, miRNA-106, miRNA-16-1, miRNA-15a, miRNA-101, and miRNA-568 were also observed in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Also, based on the s tudies, changes in the amount of miR-217, miR-150, miR-342, miR-223, and miR- 92a express tion, have been observed in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. According to the indings, by measuring the amount of these small molecules in tissues and body luids, we can efectively classify human tumors. The purpose of this review article was to s tudy the changes in the expression of microRNAs by measuring these molecules in laboratory samples in order to help to diagnose the type of leukemias.

Keywords: Hematological Malignancies, microRNA, miRNA, Leukemia, ALL, AML, CML, CLL

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