نشریه نظریه پردازی و نقد در ادبیات عربی
پیاپی 1 (بهار 1400)

The art of written expression is one of the courses that are usually presented in the first years of study for undergraduate students in the Arabic language and literature or its translation and the Persian-speaking students in Iran face many problems in this regard so that almost no one is left without the confusion and confusion in practicing this unit. An analytical and descriptive method by defining these problems and their causes, as well as solutions to prevent them, and showing that the reasons are due to the problems of the university system, problems related to teaching methods, problems of lack of linguistic fundamentals, problems of mastery of linguistic problems, and problems of linguistic problems and problems. The problematic of the educational system and the material presentation period are at the forefront of the main reasons that pave the ground for other problems. The problem of contemporary applications, programs, and perceptions arising from the mother tongue, which negatively affects the learning of written expression, has a lasting effect.

The poets Shiites Shiites had served directly to their imams Bmdaúham In INDIRECT charged with insulting the enemies of the people of the house, They were Ahjohn ruction their religious faith and Evhacon in Hjohm, Defended the people of the house and protected them cleared, But they may threw who does evil, betrayal and cheese ... and by some critics, Since the book «Music», is a source Hamavi Arabic literature, No wonder, that this book is outstanding combination of a lot of novels weak or apocryphal, Not without some errors and hiccups while reviewing the character of some poets Shiites. Faisoarham sometimes do not agree with him, including Shiites. In this article we come as cited in his book Abualfarag songs from the misdeeds of some poets household Almlenzmin. It may indicate the transfer of accounts and sordid morals Ahjaehm sarcastic non-cash nor scrutinized. While it is reviewing the charges for these heinous poets, little suspicious of what it meant to the absurd tales of staining their reputation and appeal in their symptoms.

Roman Jacobsen, a linguist and formalist of the Russian school, attributed six roles to language in her theory of communication: emotional, persuasive, referential, metalanguage, empathy, and literature. Jacobsen considers the six components of the verbal communication process and the process of communication: The speaker, the audience, the communication channel, the code, the message and the subject, which is the result of meaning, determine the six roles of language. Relying on Jacobsen's theory of communication, this article tries to examine the verbal behavior of Ahmad Matr in two poems (Ramad) and (Jarum Major) and to determine the linguistic roles in these two works. The method of this research is analytical and descriptive and answers to the question that; which linguistic roles did Ahmad Matar's verbal behavior create in the process of communication? Findings show that the rules used and the norms of language and normative and communication channels such as words and sounds in Ahmad Matar's poetry are determiners the language roles, And the audience in each of them finds out the poet's message with the help of decoding and discovering the fit between words and sounds and the coordination of each one with the subject of the work.

The title is the first key and the first threshold for the text. Among the most important components of the new criticism of the novel. This study has devoted the titles of novels to Ayman Al-Atoom because Al-Atoom is unique in "Titrologie". his novels. We call these titles Ephigraphy titles. The skill of the novelist Al-Atoom is evident in the title of his novels and the connection between them and the text. Al-Atoom's novels cannot be studied in isolation from their titles. It necessitates studying the titles of his novels and their relationship to other textual thresholds, how and why they are used to find the text; The Quranic title in Ayman Al- Atoom's novels doubles the effectiveness of reading, enriches the text and mixes with the text of the novel. The Qur’anic title sometimes facilitates the passage of the text and the exploration of the text as “O two my companions in prison” and “I am Joseph” and sometimes indicates the content of the novel as “the taster of death” and “the word of Allah” and “the path of hell” and sometimes it clears as “nineteen” and “empty” And “they hear her Whispering”. The ambiguity stems from the intentional omission and leads to possible assumptions. The reader cannot be guided by the meaning of the title except after examining the quoted verse and the deep structure of the novel. This article deals with studying the novel titles for Ayman Al-Atoom, the reason for choosing it, its forms, methods, components, and its relationship with the text.

Every writer and poet use groups of styles and language techniques to express his own intentions. this article states the linguistic techniques of Shafiq Habib in describing western and American society in descriptive - analytical way with regard to literal and semantic power of words. By analyzing the expressions of Shafiq Habib's poems about America and the West, it can be seen that the use of homonymous and synonymous words has been carried out through carefully and appropriately selection. The contrast of words with the expression of their literal meaning and how this contrast is used has a special manifestation in his poems. It has been achieved along with use of various types of irony, as well as expressing the intentions and meanings desired by the poet. Repetition with its various types is another technique that the poet has used well in the service of expressing his meaning. in this case, the similarity and contradiction of words have become associated with the proper selection of the poet since his poetry has been worthy of review and processing.

The house is not dependent on human phenomena, but it is a condition for the possibility of the emergence of other human phenomena. The nostalgia that arises in exile or away from home and motherly place or in case of forced outcast by an external force for the house, home and shelter, conveys the same motherhood and foundation of the house for all human beings, in the absence of which human beings Finds a sense of beardlessness. home explicitly places its works in our existence in such a way that it is impossible to remove these works from existence. The house is known through lived experience, and it is through this experience that its existence is realized. Without it we remain disturbed and strange, like we have no identity; because the promise is sometimes of compassion, kindness and beauty of human existence. In the house, the connection between human nature and place is created forever, and its connection with human it likes the connection of the soul with the body, and it has a constant presence and eternal existence within human beings. The method of the article is analytical-explanatory. The scope of the article is poems by the poet in which he composed the house. The house has a philosophical emergence and at the same time poetic and innovative appearance and derives its implications from the basis of the spatial existence of the house itself as well as from the depth within the poet's conscience and psyche. In Badr Shaker's poetic experience, the past is the house and homeland that it relies on as a root now, and the death of the past means death now. At a distance from home, he finds life settled in the house of death, and the greatest cover of this life is death, of which the shell is inseparable and an integral part.