فهرست مطالب

new Chemistry - Volume:9 Issue: 4, Winter 2022

International Journal of new Chemistry
Volume:9 Issue: 4, Winter 2022

  • Special
  • تاریخ انتشار: 1401/04/04
  • تعداد عناوین: 16
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  • Marjan Dehdilani, Khosrow Hashemzadeh * Pages 1-10
    Introduction

    Reducing complications and death from heart disease depends on recognizing risk factors and educational planning to correct these factors. By using the relevant research, it is possible to help improve the cardiovascular health of these people. In order to achieve these goals, the present study intends to investigate the relationship between morphometric indices and cardiovascular risk factors in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

    Material and Methods

    In this descriptive-analytical study, anthropometric indices of 158 candidates for coronary artery bypass graft surgery referred to Shahid Madani Hospital (Tabriz University of Medical Sciences) were measured and its relationship with the incidence of cardiovascular disease and the need for surgery was investigated.

    Results

    Explanation coefficient values also showed that each of the blood sugar indices, WHtR, BF and BMI, alone accounted for 8.9%, 6.9%, 6.9% and 7.7% of Tcho changes in men, respectively.

    Conclusion

    It seems that patients who are candidates for coronary artery bypass graft surgery are prone to cardiovascular risk factors due to their sedentary occupation on the one hand and little control over their diet on the other. Early detection of cardiovascular disease and risk factors in these people can have very positive results in reducing the incidence of these diseases.

    Keywords: Morphometric, Risk Factors, coronary artery bypass graft
  • Khosrow Hashemzadeh, Marjan Dehdilani * Pages 11-17
    Introduction
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between hyperlipidemia and serum levels of blood lipids and the number of coronary arteries involved in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.
    Material and Methods
    Study design: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study that was performed in 30 years in 2018-2020 in Shahid Madani Hospital (Tabriz University of Medical Sciences) with the participation of patients candidates for coronary artery bypass graft surgery and their fat profile was examined by the number of involved vessels.
    Results
    In the study of 150 patients with coronary artery disease, candidates for CABG surgery, patients were divided into three groups based on the number of vessels involved in angiography, and it was observed that 4 patients (2.7%) had single involvement. Vascular, 39 patients (26%) have 32 vascular involvement and 107 patients (71.3%) have vascular involvement. A total of 64 patients (42.7%) were female and 86 patients (57.3%) were male and the mean age was 58.2 ±10.86 years. Serum fat levels were assessed by the number of coronary arteries involved.
    Conclusion
    Total cholesterol and LDL are important indicators for predicting the extent of coronary artery involvement. While the prevalence of elevated total cholesterol and elevated LDL are associated with multivascular involvement, the role of elevated LDL in multivessel coronary artery involvement is more effective than increased total cholesterol. Total cholesterol and LDL are among the predictors of the potential need for surgical intervention.
    Keywords: Hyperlipidemia, Risk factor, coronary artery bypass graft
  • Abdolreza Mehdinavaz Aghdam, Eissa Bilehjani * Pages 18-26
    Introduction
    Due to the fact that postoperative pain can cause complications and patient dissatisfaction, and since studies on the effect of sodium bicarbonate solution on postoperative pain are limited, the present study aimed to determine the effect of sodium bicarbonate solution on pain score.
    Material and Methods
    In this study, which was the result of a clinical experiment during 2019, 50 patients who were candidates for elective surgery with midline laparotomy were examined. At the end of the operation, the patients underwent intraperitoneal lavage with 7% sodium bicarbonate solution and normal saline. Pain intensity was assessed using a visual pain scale.
    Results
    The mean pain score 2,4,6,12,18 and hours after the intervention was significantly lower in the intervention group than the control group (P=0.001)
    Conclusion
    Using a combination of sodium bicarbonate solution and normal saline for intraperitoneal lavage is a simple and uncomplicated method that can help reduce patients' pain for up to 24 hours after surgery and reduce the need for sedation.
    Keywords: Intraperitoneal, Midline Laparotomy, sodium bicarbonate, Pain
  • Morad Souri Laki, Farzaneh Hosseini *, Robab Rafiei Tabatabaei Pages 27-38
    Niosomes or vesicles of nonionic surfactants are very small layered structures obtained from a mixture of nonalionic surfactants of alkyl or diakyl polyglycerol ether and cholesterol and then hydration in aqueous (aqueous) medium. Today, overuse of antibiotics in the treatment of human and animal diseases has caused the multidrug resistance of bacteria to antibiotics. In addition, if a new type of antibiotic is used, resistance genes will begin to appear. After a period of widespread transmission to other bacteria, the spread of resistance and the need for new antibiotics, which requires millions of dollars. Vancomycin is used to treat infections of many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Consumption of this antibiotic is very high due to the bacterial resistance that has been created against it as well as the side effects that it causes in some parts of the body. Many studies have been done on antibiotics to find a solution to eliminate the toxicity caused by their long-term use.
    Keywords: Newsome, Dialkyl polyglycerol ether, Antibiotic, Vancomycin, Bacteria
  • Abdolreza Mehdinavaz Aghdam, Solmaz Fakhari * Pages 39-45
    Introduction
    Treatment of acute appendicitis is surgery and is the most common emergency surgery worldwide. In more than half of patients with appendicitis, the clinical symptoms are a definite history of vague abdominal pain, nausea, and sometimes vomiting. Currently, the tendency of people to use alternative complementary therapies is increasing rapidly. Also, a study in Iran showed that about 80% of patients sought complementary therapies through physicians.
    Material and Methods
    This study was performed during 2018 with the participation of appendectomy candidates in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Ear acupressure was used for patients and the severity of acute pain after surgery was evaluated in all of them and the effectiveness of this method was evaluated.
    Results
    According to the results, there was no statistically significant relationship between acupressure and pain intensity of the subjects after and 15 minutes after the intervention in the three groups, but reduced the mean pain intensity at 30 minutes after the intervention in the intervention group compared to the two placebo groups.
    Conclusion
    The results of the present study showed that acupressure in the thalamus of the ear is a practical and acceptable method for patients and reduces the severity of preoperative pain. On the other hand, pain relief is of clinical importance in nursing care.
    Keywords: ear acupressure, Pain, appendectomy
  • Omid Marvi, Marzie Haghgou *, Naser Haghgou Pages 46-65
    Elimination of sulfur compounds in hydrocarbon fuels is environmentally important, because in the process of combustion of fuels in engines, sulfur compounds in the fuel are converted to sulfur oxides (soX), which can lead to acid rain. In addition, (soX) resulting from the combustion of sulfur-containing fuels in internal combustion engines, while causing corrosion in the internal parts of the engine, poisoning the catalytic converters installed in the car exhaust and ultimately causing the deactivation of these catalytic converters over time It is shortened. An important plan of these catalytic converters is to reduce the release of nitrogen oxides into the environment. Sulfur oxides also lead to the rapid deactivation of exhaust filters to prevent particulate matter from escaping into the atmosphere. Therefore, the presence of sulfur compounds in hydrocarbon sections, in addition to creating problems related to the release of sulfur oxides into the atmosphere, leads to an exacerbation of the release of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and particulate matter into the environment.
    Keywords: Sulfur compounds, Hydrocarbons, Internal combustion engine, catalysts, pollutants
  • Fatemeh Momenzadeh *, Fahimeh Khoshnejad Pages 66-72
    Background

    Hemorrhoids of the cervix (cervix) or cervix, according to traditional medicine, in modern medicine is similar to polyps and is caused by thick soda blood. The aim of this study was to report a case of treatment of 5 cm cervical polyp based on traditional Iranian medicine.

    Item Description

    A 34-year-old female patient was diagnosed with 5 cm cervical polyp with the approach of Iranian medicine (without medication and surgery in conventional medicine). In daily follow-up for a week without pain and bleeding, complete cervical polyp was removed.

    Conclusion

    For the treatment of 5 cm cervical polyp in classical medicine, surgery is recommended, which has its own complications. Therefore, it is necessary to research and evaluate new non-invasive methods - which have the greatest therapeutic effect in the shortest time. One of these methods is the use of traditional medicine, which has a long history in Iran and even many countries. Foreigners teach Iranian traditional medicine resources in their universities.

    Keywords: Cervical Polyp, Iranian Traditional Medicine, Medicine
  • Jalal Nourmohammadi, Dorrin Nikbakht * Pages 73-82
    Introduction

    Managing Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation depends on having sufficient knowledge and skills for this vital care. Educating nurses on pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation helps nurses choose the right course of action and do it skillfully. The choice of pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation training method plays an important role in maintaining knowledge and increasing nurses' skills to maintain their survival.

    Methods

    This review study by searching the databases of Google Scholar, SID, Scopus, Cochrane, PubMed, Magiran, CINHAL, and Web of Science, using Persian keywords pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation, nurse, education, knowledge, skills and equivalent Their English was done. In total, 46 articles with a time limit of the last 5 years were obtained by deleting 11 articles whose full text Not available; finally, 35 articles were included in the study

    Results

    Pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for nurses has changed from a pattern of oral instruction for reading books and slides to practical simultaneous instruction on modeling; And it has evolved from merely practicing resuscitation techniques at every stage, to simulation based on creating the same conditions as a real baby to make decisions and perform the correct method of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, even by mobile phone software.

    Conclusion

    Choosing the methods of teaching pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation to nurses, methods can be more effective that, in addition to transferring knowledge, also improve the skill of applying that knowledge. New educational methods make it possible to increase children's cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills Provided in nurses

    Keywords: Education, skills, pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Nurse
  • Dara Alvandfar, Fariborz Rousta * Pages 83-89
    Introduction
    One of the conditions that may lead to vascular trauma is surgery; Since thoracic surgeries are performed in the upper extremity and the injuries caused by vascular trauma in the upper extremities are more than other organs, the present study was performed with the aim of the prevalence of vascular injuries following thoracic surgeries.
    Material and Methods
    This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed during 2020 in Imam Reza Hospital in Tabriz. All patients after thoracic surgery were included in this study and the number of postoperative vascular injuries recorded in their files was evaluated and their results were reported.
    Results
    Among the total participants in the study, 21 (2%) patients had vascular injuries after surgery; Among the highest rate of vascular injury was in patients who were candidates for thoracotomy (n=14), followed by patients who were candidates for breast surgery (n=7). No vascular damage was observed in patients candidates for thoracoscopy. The most common injured artery was the subclavian artery (16 patients); Thoracoacromial artery (5 patients) was in the second place.
    Conclusion
    The prevalence of vascular injuries following thoracic surgery in the present study was about 8%; Thoracotomy and breast surgery were the most common surgeries in which vascular damage was seen.
    Keywords: Prevalence, Thoracic surgery, Vascular Injury
  • Ali Reza Lotfi * Pages 90-99
    Introduction
    According to previous studies, it is impossible to predict the functional parameters of the nose for each patient after maxillary surgery; But other studies have offered different hypotheses. Due to some discrepancies in the results of previous studies, in the present study we decided to evaluate nasal function by rhinomanometric tests before and after surgery according to the type of maxillary displacement
    Material and Methods
    This descriptive and longitudinal self-control study was performed during 2019 with the participation of rhinoplasty patients referred to Imam Reza Hospital in Tabriz. Changes in nasal function after maxillary displacement were evaluated in rhinoplasty candidate patients.
    Results
    In all samples (regardless of group), the mean airflow in the tail was increased after surgery compared to before surgery, but the amount of increase was not significant. The mean airflow on exhalation was also increased after surgery compared to before surgery, but the amount of increase was not significant. The mean air resistance in the tail was reduced after surgery compared to before surgery, but the amount of reduction was not significant. The mean air resistance on exhalation was also decreased after surgery compared to before surgery, but the amount of reduction was not significant.
    Conclusion
    It seems that if Lefort's osteotomy is performed in rhinoplasty surgery with the correct technique, it will not cause respiratory problems for the patient. However, more extensive studies are needed for a more accurate assessment.
    Keywords: Rhinoplasty, Respiratory, maxillary displacement
  • Reyhaneh Abri, Mansour Rezaei * Pages 100-109
    Introduction
    Ringer-lactate serum has not been used for fluid therapy around cesarean section due to its positive effects on acid-base status, and few studies have compared these two. The type of serum was not performed in cesarean section, so the aim of this study was to compare the effects of 0.9% sodium chloride serum with Ringer lactate serum on maternal acid-base status in elective cesarean section.
    Material and Methods
    This study is a clinical experience that was performed with the participation of 60 women candidates for elective cesarean section in Al-Zahra Hospital (Tabriz University of Medical Sciences). Women were divided into two different groups and in each group different serum was injected for the patient; Before and after cesarean section, 2 cc of arterial blood was taken from women and the amount of acid-base changes was measured at different times.
    Results
    maternal pH and BE in the 0.9% sodium chloride group changed from 7.4 and -1.1 before surgery to 7.32 and -4.8 after surgery, respectively. Which indicates the occurrence of acidosis in this group that these changes are statistically significant (p=0.01). In the ringer lactate group, only in BE before and after surgery, it indicates acidosis in this group (from -0.6 to -3.1) and is significant (p=0.01).
    Conclusion
    it can be concluded that 0.9% sodium chloride in comparison with lactate ringer causes acidosis in mothers under elective cesarean section with spinal anesthesia.
    Keywords: acid-base, Cesarean Section, serums therapy
  • Reza Eghdam Zamiri, Ali Reza Lotfi * Pages 110-117
    Introduction
    By knowing more about the risk factors of S.C.C in Iran and comparing it with global statistics, it will be possible to become more aware of the risk factors in Iran and take precautionary measures and prevent this deadly malignancy. This study is designed to better understand these risk factors in the hospitals of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.
    Material and Methods
    This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate patients with S.C.C referred to the hospitals of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Clinical status and risk factors of 54 patients with S.C.C were extracted from their clinical records and the results were reported.
    Results
    The results showed that out of the total patients, 20 were in Stage II and 14 were in Stage III, and only 6 patients with Stage I and 4 patients with Stage IV were referred to the medical center. The study showed how to treat patients. Thirty-six patients underwent radiotherapy alone, 12 underwent surgery and radiotherapy, one underwent chemotherapy, and five underwent a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
    Conclusion
    The most common sites of involvement were the tongue 15, the lower lip 14 and the buccal mucosa 11, with a higher proportion of male patients on the lower lip. The main treatment for oral cancer was radiotherapy. Simultaneous radiotherapy and surgery treatments and simultaneous radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatments were in the next rows. At the time of referral, most patients were in Stage II and III.
    Keywords: Oral cancer, S.C.C, Risk factor
  • Mansour Rezaei, Ali Reza Lotfi * Pages 118-126
    Introduction
    Due to the discrepancy between the results of previous studies and the lack of such a study in intraoral incisions, this study was performed to compare the advantages and disadvantages of electrosurgery techniques and the use of scalpel in intraoral incisions in patients under general anesthesia.
    Material and Methods
    This is a cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted in 2019 in Imam Reza Hospital (Tabriz University of Medical Sciences) with the participation of 40 patients (20 surgical patients with razors and 20 patients with electric catheters) candidates for oral surgery. The results of surgery were compared in two groups of patients.
    Results
    There was no difference in wound dehiscence in each group after surgery. Both in the razor cutting group and in the electrocautery group; Only one case of wound dehiscence was observed, which in both cases resolved without special surgical or pharmacological intervention and only with regular washing.
    Conclusion
    The present study showed that the scar tissue created by electrosurgery was significantly more than the scalpel technique, which can be attributed to the induced heat damage to adjacent tissues. The results of the present study showed that the use of a cutter compared to a scalpel significantly reduces the incision time.
    Keywords: electrosurgery, intraoral incisions, disadvantages
  • Reyhaneh Abri, Mansour Rezaei * Pages 127-134
    Introduction
    Due to the contradictory results of research on the effect of maternal posture on labor pain intensity, which was mentioned in a corner, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of maternal posture during labor on labor pain intensity.
    Material and Methods
    A total of 56 women undergoing elective cesarean section were studied in this study; All women in the labor phase were placed in different positions for thirty minutes and their severity of rejection was assessed based on the type of position.
    Results
    comparing the pain intensity in all sitting and lying positions of group B (starting with lying position) showed that the mean pain intensity in sitting position was 11.43±4.04 and in lying position was 12.78±3.32 which based on the results Wilcoxon test, the mean pain intensity in these two conditions was statistically significant (P=0.007 and Z=-2.691) . The mean pain intensity in all sitting and lying positions was 12.39 ±3.90 and 12.69 ±50, respectively, and the comparison of the two postures did not show a statistically significant difference (P=0.574 and Z=-0.562)
    Conclusion
    In general, according to the results of this study, it can be said that the severity of pain in mothers is the same in both sitting and sleeping positions; Therefore, it is recommended that the determination of the mother's condition be left to the mother herself if there is no medical prohibition.
    Keywords: Maternal Position, First Stage Of Labor, Pain, Cesarean Section
  • Seyfollah Rezaei, Mahdia Gholamnejad *, Yahya Safaie Pages 135-143
    Therefore, early and timely treatment of the disease, as a result of reducing the time and burden of diagnostic and treatment costs on the community is very important, so this study aims to investigate the frequency of pleural effusions and the frequency of each type of effusion in all patients with Plural effusion was performed in Urmia hospitals. The results of the analyzes included the amount of protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and pleural fluid and serum glucose, the ratio of protein, LDH and pleural fluid glucose to serum, the level of pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA), smear and sputum culture for BK (bacillus tuberculosis). As well as common microbes of hot staining, smear and culture of pleural fluid, cytology of pleural fluid and the result of pleural biopsy (if performed for the patient), type of pleural effusion were recorded for all patients participating in the study. 65 cases (1.59%) of right hemisphere involvement and 37 cases (6.33%) of bilateral involvement were reported. In terms of causes of transudative pleural effusion, in 58 cases (2.53%) congestive heart failure, 36 cases (33%) chronic renal failure, 8 cases (3.7%) liver cirrhosis, 3 cases (8.2%) Nephrotic syndrome was reported in 5 cases (6.4%) of open heart surgery. Based on the findings of this study, exudative pleural effusion was the most common type of pleural effusion and in terms of the site of involvement, in all three types of exudative, transudative and empirical pleural effusion, right hemithorax involvement was the most common.
    Keywords: Thoracoscopy, Decortication, Empyema, VATS
  • Seyfollah Rezaei, Ali Enshaei *, Rozita Salehi Sedghiani Pages 144-150
    Introduction
    The present study was performed to determine the frequency of various causes of negative laparotomy. It is hoped that by identifying the common causes of negative laparotomies, it will be possible to take steps to reduce mortality and increase community health by providing the necessary preconditions.
    Material and Methods
    This study was performed as a descriptive retrospective study on the records of 138 patients who underwent emergency laparotomy during three years (2017-20) in Imam Khomeini Hospital affiliated to Urmia University of Medical Sciences. The number of the mentioned files was taken from the annual operating books of the operating room of the mentioned hospitals, in which the patient's details and the type of surgery were mentioned, and the relevant files were provided by referring to the archive.
    Results
    In 40 patients out of 96 patients with blunt abdominal trauma, ultrasound was performed, which was positive in 32 patients and positive in 8 cases. Of the 32 positive ultrasounds, 30 had a positive result in laparotomy and 2 had a negative laparotomy; Also, out of 8 negative ultrasounds, only 2 cases were correct and in 6 cases, despite the negative ultrasound, there was a positive laparotomy.
    Conclusion
    According to the findings of this study and according to scientific and reference books, the need for strict observance of surgical indications in trauma is emphasized and the observance of these scientific matters should not be limited to educational centers but can be implemented in all medical centers, both educational and non-educational.
    Keywords: Prevalence, Abdominal Trauma, ICU, Patient