پژوهش نامه انتقادی متون و برنامه های علوم انسانی
پیاپی 102 (اردیبهشت 1401)

Due to the need to establish strong links between industry and academia to use scientific theories in industry, the use of case study in the management of organizational behavior is necessary. The purpose of this paper is to review and critique the book “Case Studies of Organizational Behavior Management”. The method of evaluation and critique of this work is citation-analytical and in accordance with the model proposed by the Council for the Study of Humanities Texts and Books in the framework of general introduction, form and content study of the work. In general, in terms of the form of the work, the form quality of the work is good, despite these formal weaknesses of the work are: not using a specific symbol of management behavior in the design on the cover of the book, not using tables, charts and the bug is inside the text. In terms of content, the use of case study method in managing organizational behavior is one of the strengths of the effect. However, the work suffers from lack of logical order and content coherence, content inaccuracy, and content defects. In general, the analysis of the content of scientific and academic books can provide their possible strengths and weaknesses for the possible modification and change of content and form, in accordance with the set goals and scientific principles to the planners and authors of academic books.

This article aims at reviewing Tamaddon’s idea about economic psychology, which is presented in his book titled as "Views on Economic Psychology". Firstly, the role of psychologism in the history of science and its relevance to philosophy, humanities, and social sciences is introduced. This is to say that, psychologism in Britain, utilitarianism, psychologism in Germany and the Austrian school of economics are reviewed. British psychologism which believes in universal scientific laws abstracted from experiences in order to explain human behavior, is crystallized in methodological individualism and rationalism. German psychologism in its historical approach is to understand and describe human behavior. The Austrian school of economics is somewhere between these two schools of psychologism, meaning that while it recognizes social and cultural entities, it is also indebted to methodological individualism. John Maynard Keynes introduces the concept of animal spirit and shows its impacts on individual behaviors and suggests the economic psychology of a society of individuals based on conventions. Secondly, the economic psychologism ideal of Tamaddon and its relevance to philosophical and economic thoughts, especially to that of John Maynard Keynes’ attitude is surveyed. This article is based on descriptive and analytical methodology.

Trust is a vital and essential factor for individual and organizational success that increases order, stability and predictability of the future. The aim of this study is to design a model of intra-organizational trust through collective action in education in Tehran. Experts including senior managers, professors and leading consultants in the field of management of the organization were considered as the statistical community. Nine experts were interviewed in-depth using the snowball sampling method. In the quantitative phase, all education staff in Tehran were considered as a community. Three hundred seventy-seven were selected as a statistical sample. Data collection tools in the qualitative phase of the research were in-depth and unstructured interviews with experts. The data were analyzed based on the data theory method (open, axial and selective coding). In the quantitative phase of the research, a closed and researcher-made questionnaire was used. SPSS, LISREL and smart-PLS software were used for descriptive and inferential analysis. The results showed that collective action within and between the structural layers of the organization through the redesign of organizational processes can increase intra-organizational trust in education in Tehran.

The political and administrative structures of the Sasanian Empire have been the focus of numerous research. For the rather recent developments of the subject, though, Rika Gyselen’s studies have been crucial. Thirty years after her trailblazing 1989’s book in the field, the publication of La géographie administrative de l’empire sassanide. Les témoignages épigraphiques en moyen-perse have brought about these developments fulfilled and provided us with yet another monumental work of research on the dynamics of the administrative geography of the state. Therefore, the main focuses of this essay are concerned with the review of the latter book and the progress it achieved in the field, along with the academic background of the author. To that end, the content of each chapter is meticulously presented and its potentialities for authorities is noted. Then, some points that could have improved the work and helped it to meet further expectations of an even more comprehensive repertoire, together with suggestions for future research, are succinctly provided. The book delivers a factual account while founding the research design on the examination of Middle-Persian epigraphic primary sources. Therefore, a catalogue raisonné presents a state-of-the-art corpus of Sasanian scholarship according to a diachronic-comparative approach.

Epistemology is a scale and measurement criterion. In the knowledge of quality management, organizational phenomena are measured by science and the position of science itself is measured by epistemology. Epistemology is the center of analysis of many management processes that without proper knowledge, organizations may face serious challenges in dealing with people in the organization. The epistemological critique of the mentioned theory has been done by applying the qualitative method of interrogative thematic interpretation of the Qur'an. The epistemological critique of the mentioned theory has been done by applying the qualitative method of interrogative thematic interpretation of the Qur'an. The research findings show that the Qur'an does not consider reliance on reason and human findings alone to be sufficient for cognition and experience, sense and induction as preliminary steps for complete and reliable cognition based on heart faith, rational and narrative arguments. (Quran and Sunnah) which has a realistic nature with two vertical (with the Creator) and horizontal views (Jawarahi and Javanhi behaviors of the creature and the whole universe). According to the Qur'an, cognitive tools are not only inductive, such as observation and experimentation based on human behavior; but also, its sources have a wide range such as revelation, intellect, heart, sense and the whole universe, which has unlimited validity and has a different view of the mentioned school.

Historical sociology can be achieved as a method based on data and sequence of historical events, and historical sociology of domination as a social phenomenon can be designed and followed in different historical periods. This article has been presented with the aim of reviewing the book “Historical Sociology of Iranian Dominance”. Due to its features, this work, as innovative work in this field, deserves to be read. The present article has a critical review of this book in the form of the following axes: ambiguity in the title of the book, lack of correct and initial explanation of the issue of dominance, ambiguity in methodology, lack of coordination in method and text, ambiguity in the concept of historical sociology. After reflecting on the technical and editorial aspects of the work, the article concludes with the conclusion that the issue of "dominance" has been raised by the author as a historical issue and the author tries to use its sociological theories and methods. But this study shows that historical sociology is a sociological approach using historical information and data in different periods, or in other words, examines the trend of domination in different periods, not what is considered in this work as a historical approach with a sociological method.

This research has made an effort to criticize the collection of Monshaat related to the 10th century AH written by Mirza Mohammad Sadegh Nazem Tabrizi (Sadegha-ye-Tabrizi) and to scrutinize the writer’s features, shortcomings, the importance of the manuscript, insight and method in a meaningful framework. The theme of the above version includes such concepts as royal decrees, court documents, an announcement of a victory, Monshaat and friendly correspondences from the Seljuk period to the early Safavid period that has not still been criticized and published and can in turn help to understand missing links in the political and social history of Iran and some of its neighbors. Relying on the manuscript of Tabrizi’s Monshaat and an analytical approach along with qualitative content analysis, this study indicates that the writer was influenced by the political atmosphere of the Safavid period in compiling and arranging the Monshaat. Since the Safavid’s ideal is explained to establish a national state on the basis of official religion and political boundaries, the writer has written documents that are linked to the geography which the Safavids sought to achieve in drawing their territorial model.

The financial crisis of 2007-2008 has been the subject of research in different ways. The role of quantitative models and mathematical theories in the occurrence of this crisis and the other complications that such models cause in financial markets is the main theme of the book “Lecturing Birds on Flying”. By explaining the role of the educational system in creating a gap between theory and practice and the role of Quants in promoting and applying quantitative and computational models, the author gives a different account of the causes of financial crises. In this article, while examining the form and content of this work, by analyzing the theme as well as textual analysis techniques, the most important themes of this work as well as its foundations and place in the texts of financial knowledge are reviewed. Criticism of models such as value at risk, option pricing model, and copula functions has shown their contribution to bankruptcies and crises and has suggested that reform of the management and economics education system would make the financial models more realistic.

Within the field of strategic management, several sources have been compiled, one of the most popular of which is the book "Strategic Management" by F. R. David, translated by S. M. Aarabi and Ali Parsaeian. The purpose of this study is to review and critique this book. A worksheet utilizes to review textbooks and university books of the Iranian council for reviewing books and text on human sciences. A critical review of the research included the author, appearance, structure, and content of the book. According to the findings, in the international academic community, David is not recognized as thoughtful in the strategic field. David's book has a good logical structure, and from a scientific point of view, it has a legitimate gain. Also, the book chapters are well organized based on substance, and the author has attempted to incorporate the main topics of his model completely in different parts of the book. In terms of content quality, the book is desirable from the reader's point of view (not from the attitude of an executive). The main advantages of the book, for-profit approach of the presented tools, and the main weakness of the book can be considered in the lack of expression of scientific principles and views of experts in the field of strategic management in the book chapters. There are also problems with translating the original text and problems in Persian literature and writing.

The great Prophet of Islam (PBUH) always invited his followers to unity based on Quranic concepts, but the new Umma of the Islamic Foundation, shortly after the death of the Prophet (PBUH), broke away from those teachings, and one of the consequences was the killing of Muslims by each other. The roots of this disconnection have always been considered by researchers and much research has been done in this field. The aim of this article is to critically evaluate the book "After the Prophet" in which the author has tried to clarify various aspects of the issue in line with previous research and in a different way. To what extent has the method of advancing and conducting this research been successful in explaining the research problem? It seems that the author, while observing the principles of historical research, has used areas such as psychology, cinema, fiction, anthropology and has studied the historical roots of the current crisis of Muslims in the Middle East, especially in Iraq. The result of the present article, which has been done by descriptive-analytical method, shows that the importance of the book under review is, above all, in the interdisciplinary approach and the author's new way of expressing the research problem, which has created a new effect. However, some views have been raised and the methods of advancing the research need to be reviewed.

In “Sapiens; A Brief History of Humankind” by Yuval Noah Harari the 200.000 years of history of sapiens has been presented to the reader as an appendix to the 13.500.000.000 years of the world history. Sapiens covers numerous topics in the fields of humanities and non-humanities. However, considering that the subtitle of the book claims to present human history, this article deals only with the historical critique of this work, that is, the methodological approach and the critique of the author’s historical theory, and will critique the methodological capacities of this book from the perspective of critical philosophy of history and its theoretical discussions from the position of evolutionary creationism. Focusing on the content of the book and the authors method, this article deals with three sections: 1) prehistoric period; from 13.5 billion years ago to the invention of calligraphy in 5.000 years ago 2) historical period; from the invention of calligraphy until now, and 3) posthistoric period; human future. According to the critical view of this article, the words mystery, history and minatory refer to these three periods, respectively.

The purpose of this study was to provide a model for developing the entrepreneurial ability of the young generation in the context of higher education curriculum planning. The present study was developmental and qualitatively based on the data method of the Glaser Foundation. The statistical population in the study background consisted of all available domestic and foreign theoretical and research texts, related references and upstream documents of the education system of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The sampling method of this population was purposeful. There were curriculum and entrepreneurship which were selected by the method of snowball and theoretically saturated. The results showed that in the research background section, 46 components were extracted in the form of 8 factors and in the interview with experts’ section, and 71 components were extracted in the form of 12 factors. Similar to the elimination and final cases, which included 100 components in the form of 12 factors were extracted in the causal conditions of factors such as creativity and innovation, leadership, entrepreneurial experience and training, as well as in the intervention of five factors of teamwork, perseverance, risk-taking, independence and positive thinking. In the context of the three main factors of familiarity with the industry, the characteristics of the university and the support and infrastructure affecting the curriculum model were identified and determined based on entrepreneurial indicators.Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Curriculum, Entrepreneurial University, Scientific and Applied, Foundation Data Method.

In his book ‘Stone Tools in Human Evolution, Behavioural Differences among Technological Primates’, John Shea focuses on a new framework for analyzing stone tools to answer questions related to the evolution of human behavior. Although stone tools have great potential for understanding human evolution, the traditional archaeological approaches in analysis, biased our understanding on human evolution through them. Shea emphasizes that archaeologists must change their traditional approach and find new ways to study human evolution and behavior based on stone tools. This novel method will bring together palaeoanthropologists, palaeogeneticists and archaeologists and lead to a better understanding of the human behavior and evolution. The present paper tries to evaluate this new approach and see how close it is to achieve this goal. Reviewing the book shows that there is still a long way to go to understand human behavior and evolution through the study of stone tools. The book ends with many open questions, leaving readers wondering whether the author was able to tackle the traditional archaeological approach which Shea himself has been critical of throughout the book.

The unpleasant effect of Fiat money creation in disruption of economic equilibrium and class division creation is one of the main subjects of expert circles. Therefore, some researchers suggest “Theory of Gold Standard” instead of credit money. The book “An Introduction to The Theory of Gold Standard: The Monetary System of the New Islamic Civilization” is the most important book in explanation of this theory in Iranian publications. This article deals with the theoretical approach and it reviews the theory of the Gold Standard. The article shows the authors’ valuable concern about the monetary and banking system`s challenges and the unpleasant effects of Fiat money creation. Finally, the book cannot answer ambiguity and main questions scientifically and convincingly. Perhaps simultaneous using of Gold with credit money (no complete removal of credit money) is the more reasonable suggestion for the Iranian monetary system.

The issue of decision-making and selection among different options has been continuously considering as one of the human concerns. Obviously, this issue has taken on a more complex nature with the development and evolution of societies. In this regard, having the methods and knowledge that can facilitate decision-making is very important. The above topic in the field of economics knowledge is expressed as “Economic Evaluation of Projects” which has a long history in economic literature and multiple texts in this field, have been published. In the present article, the evaluation and critique of the book "Economic Evaluation of Project" is on the agenda. In this regard, during the content of the article, while referring to the general features of the book, an attempt has been made to briefly mention the content of each chapter. In addition, according to the literature review, the strengths and weaknesses of the book were described separately and attempts were made to provide suggestions for improving the text in future editions. It seems that delivering a sufficient combination of evaluation criteria, an applied approach of the contents and delivering a manual for applying related soft wares, are among distinguished aspects of the book.

Social justice is one of the most widely used concepts in the social sciences and at the same time one of the most challenging. One end of the spectrum of theorizing is for the deniers and the other for the egalitarians. Although von Hayek is considered as one of the steadfast deniers of justice, this view is not very accurate. The study of the cycles of intellectual life and the understanding of the theory of justice in the context of these cycles makes it clear that he should be considered as an institutionalist who emphasizes the importance of very abstract rules in governing free societies to solve the problem of harmony in economics. Distributive justice conflicts with such rules and leads to the creation of wealthy tribal communities because it causes inefficiency by failing to harmonize the economy. This method of theorizing has been neglected in many theories of justice, even in the most famous ones, because they do not pay much attention to the way people interact in society. At the same time, there are criticisms of this theory, including its lack of attention to the formation of interest groups in the economy, market failures, difficulty in recognizing fair rules of the game, and lack of attention to the negative impact of large inequalities on social order.

Futures studies is a strategy and a proactive approach to manage, control, and deal with uncertainty to achieve a desirable future. Trying to visualize the future and eliminate undesirable scenarios are considered as smart approaches, so many documents, books and articles have been written in this regard. The book "Megachange, The World in 2050" is one of these works that examines and illustrates the long-term future of the world in four main areas: social, political, economic, and science and technology. The present article, while reviewing the book based on the criteria of the critical research textbook and humanities programs, has tried to examine the validity of the present work in terms of method and approach. According to the evaluation, this work has a moderate quality and in order to improve the quality, it is necessary to seriously review the translation of the book. Since it has been about a decade since the book was published, the practical accuracy of its claims should be checked.

After establishing Economic Division, through the Iranian Council of Change of Humanities (ICCH), MA educational plan for economics was applied in 2017. Consequently, it was introduced into relevant Iranian universities for executing from 2018. For improving the plan, a few of texts were ordered to outstanding professors to be prepared. The book "Islamic Banking" written by Nazarpour, M.N. et al. is among the first books published and used as a textbook, and reviewing this work can help to upgrade future quality for others. This essay examined the function of documents in qualitative, analytically descriptive methods within formal as well as content analysis. The results show that the book is edited proportionately and its formal survey is satisfied. The content analysis reveals that the mentioned book is successful to transfer a legal, logical, and a basic understanding about "Islamic Banking" toward any typical reader; however, the main weaknesses of the text are the limitations of closed economy as well as micro – static approach used in it.