فصلنامه نقش جهان - مطالعات نظری و فناوری های نوین معماری و شهرسازی
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 38، تابستان 1401)

Iranian architecture has been studied from different aspects. Shape Grammar is an analytical tool for studying the styles and history of architecture that has the ability to provide a common language and conceptual framework, a coherent and integrated form to study the geographical differences and evolution of Iranian architecture.In this research, the first step to compile this common grammar of Iranian architecture has been taken by compiling a grammar of a specific form related to the traditional houses of Kashan.

Out of 100 heritage houses, 19 samples were selected by random / judgmental sampling method. By analyzing the samples, minimal rules are presented.

The grammar presented in 4 steps produces the formal structure and the spatial relationships between the forms. A valid range of variables and an algebraic expression are presented. Also, with the help of grammar, the spaces in the samples have been typologized. In Kashan houses, the most important spaces, spaces with a width of 5, can be divided into 8 types based on the shape structure. In terms of spatial relationships between components, 6 specific types of relationships between the internal components of each of the previous form structures can be identified, which are described in the findings section.

The proposed grammar can be a coherent structure for the study of Iranian architecture. It can also be used as a suitable tool for typology. Provide the possibility of comparison as well as the relationship between different species and make the studies coherent.

Colored windows are part of the architecture of traditional Iranian buildings in the Islamic period, which act as gates for the passage of single light into space and its division into different colors. The main purpose of research is to create sensitivity in design of colored glass, to express the principle of using color in colored windows of traditional and Islamic buildings, to discover the relationship between color separation and architectural space quality in sustainable lighting system. the other goal is to achieve one of the effective characteristics in creating balance in a permanent building (Nasir Al-Molk Mosque).

The type of research is qualitative-quantitative. The extraction of materials has been done by collecting information from documentary sources and field perception of the pattern and area of Nasir Al-Molk Mosque colored glass.Finally, through the comparative analogy of the proportion of colored glass surfaces with the theoretical basis of the results have been extracted.

In the sample, five types of general coloring and 15 types of partial coloring were analyzed. Blue, turquoise, green (cold colors) and red and yellow (warm colors) are used in colored windows with balance and one in between.

Extraction of the ratio of cold to warm colors close to one in accordance with the principles of Islamic philosophy showed that, the pattern of color distribution in space was not random, and in this regard, there is unity.

To counteract urban population growth, research centers have devised city development strategies as well as the concept of intelligent cities. The present study aims to examine how building information modeling (BIM) and geographical information system (GIS) can be integrated to establish principles that govern intelligent cities and enhance their efficiency. It also delineates the potential advantages of BIM and GIS integration for future developments in various other areas.

Taking advantage of a meta-synthesis methodology, this study has researched the concepts of BIM and GIS in Farsi and English databases, identifying knowledge gaps in previous studies, while examining their integration for the purposes of this project.

Considering the distinct qualities of BIM and GIS, it is essential to integrate the two models in a three-dimensional environment, as their effective synergy must be supported by a viable platform. Our findings confirm that by undertaking CIM models, city managers and the construction sector can significantly enhance intelligent cities. Furthermore, to improve productivity and achieve sustainable management, BIM and GIS data should be used at different levels of semantic models.

Managerial issues concerning vertical construction cannot be resolved by using two-dimensional data available on maps. The integration of BIM and GIS can, however, effectively solve managerial problems in infrastructure development projects – both horizontal and vertical. The integration of these two models provides sustainable support for an intelligent city in that both models have distinctive capabilities for data unification, quantitative analysis, technology applications, and city management.

The purpose of this study is to develop strategies for sustainable tourism development in the kavir of northeastern Kerman province.

The documentation and survey adopted to collect data, and 30 questionnaires collected by the Kerman Province Tourism Organization based on the snowball method. Data analysis was analyzed by SWOT matrix and QSPM matrix.

Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that among the importance of internal factors, among the strengths, the highest priority is related to the indicators of "regional road safety" with a score of 19.33; And the index of "having unique natural landscapes" with a score of 10.93 is less important in the eyes of experts among the strengths. Among the weaknesses of the index "low quality of service facilities" with a score of 18 is the most important internal weaknesses. Further analysis of external factors scores showed that among the opportunities, the highest priority is related to the index "growing trend of desert tourism activities" with a score of 18.40. The "lack of attention to tourism development in desert areas in policy-making" index with a score of 19.20 is the most important environmental threat.

The situation of sustainable tourism development in the northeast of Kerman province is in an aggressive state and this situation is due to the dominance of internal strengths over internal weaknesses and environmental opportunities over environmental threats. The conclusion highlights the role of green tourism in achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs).

Urban streets and highways are the expressions of the visual environment, and urban streets facades are the main elements influencing the urban environment's quality. On the one hand, murals as Urban Art can play an influential role in improving the quality of the urban facades. On the other hand, maintaining facades with murals is one of the principal challenges for city managers regarding financial dimensions and workforce. This study aims to provide a solution to maintain the quality of the facades in urban highways with murals because highways face many problems compared to other urban spaces due to difficult conditions in the implementation and maintenance of murals.

This study investigated using TiO2 photocatalytic nanoparticles to maintain murals on urban highways. For this purpose, the cost of implementing murals with self-cleaning and non-self-cleaning materials versus cleaning costs facades for ten years was calculated. This comparison has been made on the facades of Imam Ali Highway in Tehran.

Cost estimates show that using self-cleaning paints and coatings containing titanium dioxide reduces the need to clean the facades over time. Furthermore, this will reduce economic and workforce costs and keep the urban facades of the highway clean and the quality of the urban environment improved.

TiO2 photocatalytic nanoparticles can raise the durability of murals and reduce their maintenance costs. This is a promising solution that can execute the aspirations of city managers in maintaining the quality of urban facades.

The construction sector accounts for a large portion of the world's energy consumption; in Iran, it’s more than 40% of energy consumption. Office buildings have a relatively unfavorable energy consumption pattern due to impersonal ownership and lack of supervision and needs improvement. The aim of this research is to improve the energy performance of these buildings by using a dynamic double skin façade.

In this research, first the dominant pattern of office buildings in Mashhad has been studied. Since the design is done in Mashhad, which is one of the religious centers of the country, and to create this feeling in users, the pattern used in its second skin is inspired by Islamic patterns of tiles and decorations of the holy shrine of Imam Reza (AS). After analyzing the energy performance of 5 selected patterns with Ladybug and Honeybee plugins, the most optimal pattern is used.

Daylight is one of the most influential parameters in the design of energy efficient buildings. To make the most of this parameter, it is necessary to create facades with maximum transparency. But these facades face challenges such as overheating. Therefore, it’s important to control the amount of daylight entering.

In this research based on highperformance architecture theory, an optimal solution to improve the energy performance of a 5-storey office building in Mashhad by using a dynamic double skin façade with the ability to control the daylight entrance is presented; which results in a reduction in building’s energy consumption by approximately 130,000 kWh per year.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of different planting plans, especially trees with varying characteristics of branch and leaf structure, height, canopy diameter, and density, leaf shape, and size, and compare the cooling effect under similar conditions to a suitable planting plan for maximum productivity. 

The data collection method in this field and library research and the analysis method used are simulations, and the findings and comparison of results are quantitative and qualitative. Vegetation information of the site in the first stage is harvested, and the current situation is simulated, and its impact is determined. Then two new planting plans with the same amount of greenery in the current situation are designed and manufactured in the environment, and the results are compared.

The simulation results show that group planting mode is completely similar conditions in terms of plant species and the number of trees 0.85 ° C reduces the average air temperature compared to the linear planting mode and the biggest difference is in the average radiant temperature, which is more than 3 (3.18) ° C There is a temperature difference between group planting mode compared to linear planting mode and group planting mode has a lower average radiant temperature.

This study revealed the effect of the group planting plan factor, despite creating a full shade of trees and reducing the shading area of ​​trees, improved the PMV thermal comfort index and improved environmental variables.