نشریه جغرافیا و توسعه فضای شهری
سال نهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 16، بهار 1401)

Implementation process of urban development plans depends on many issues like the opinions of stakeholders. Using the opinions of stakeholders plays an important role in the success of urban development plans. The private sector is one groups that plays a significant role in economic issues of planning. A review of previous researches shows that despite emphasizing on the importance of the private sector and conducting many researches in this regard, there is not any research that has explicitly mentioned the role of this group in the implementation of urban development plans. The attempts to create a holistic approach about the role of private sector have already been started. The reviewed articles were selected from the Direct Science database. These articles were written between 1998 and 2019. This study tries to review the studies using content analysis. The total number of the articles explored this study was 1152, which was reviewed to obtain more accurate results. After screening the articles, 14 articles were finally selected for this purpose. The results show that participation constraint capabilities and expectations of private sector have the greatest impact on the implantation of urban development plans. On the other hand, the results indicate the private sector should be considered in several stages of urban development plans such as decision-making and evaluation process.

The role of natural light as the most complete and desirable light is undeniable. Recent researches show that daylight, in addition to the role and importance it plays in maintaining and improving the human life cycle, has a special therapeutic effect on some physical and mental illnesses and can be very effective in treating such patients. Considering this approach, this study supposes that light and its influence on the individual and social behaviors of human beings, so it tried to study light and its healing effect on mental well-being of people in Covid-19 pandemic. This applied study is cross-sectional in terms of time domain (February 2020) that the researcher gathered the required data due to living in the studied area in the fieldwork. In order to collect citizens' mental well-being data based on analysis and consultation with psychologists, Keyes Psychological Welfare Scale (1995) questionnaire was used. The results show that light has a significant effect on the mental well-being of residents of Samin residential complexes. The consequence of this has been social adaptation and prosperity for residents (interaction in the form of relationships and family network, group of friends and social relationship with residents of the complex) and hope for better living conditions, meaningful life, and belief in social progress. Moreover, based on Kruskal-Wallis test with the aim of investigating the differences in mental well-being of residents between the five blocks with the foundation of light justice, the results showed the southern blocks, East and West have more desirable level of mental well-being and based on regression analysis, a relationship and duality of light justice and the mental well-being of citizens were found. Therefore, a special planning on the structure of the complexes and balancing the light reception is needed for improving the mental wellbeing of the residents.

Socio-cultural spaces in line with historical spaces of cities have great impact on creating an urban brand with the aim of achieving the development of creative social spaces having various functions. The aim would be recreating the economy based on the historical texture of cities as a spiritual and urban heritage. The historical part of Sanandaj with its abundant historical and cultural elements and having social activities, markets, identity spaces, and valuable monuments, acts as the heart of this city. The study aimed to analysis branding spaces prone to urban creative development with the aim of economic regeneration of the city. The applied research used a descriptive-analytical method. The sample consisted of 225 people, selected randomly using Cochran's formula. The study is based on a combination of AHP and multivariable regression analysis using SPSS. Two concepts of "urban creativity and urban branding", which have been studied as hypothetical concepts in two alternative situations and 27 indicators based on the score and relative importance. According to the results, it was determined that the indicators of historical places, cultural heritage, customs and traditions, and art-friendliness have the highest importance and impact on the branding and development of creative social spaces for recreating economy based on the historical texture of Sanandaj.

The ever increasing population of cities and the migration of people to cities has created many changes in the spatial structures of cities. Some models like smart growth have been proposed to control and improve the situation. The model emphasizes increasing urban density, changing land uses, and reducing car uses. Using a descriptive-analytical method and considering 63 indicators of economic, social, physical, environmental, and accessibility aspects, this study explored the situation of all four urban areas of Yasuj, regarding indicators of smart city growth. TOPSIS model was used for ranking and cluster analysis model was used for leveling the neighborhoods. The results of the study showed that onnly Area 1 of Yasuj has indicators of smart city growth and other areas of the city (i.e., Area 2, 3, and 4) lack these indicators. According to the TOPSIS model, Area 3 and 4 have some of the indicators and Area 2 lacks the indicators. Moreover, the results showed that, based on the integrated indicators of smart growth, amongst 23 neighborhoods of Yasuj, Neighborhood 17 has all the indicators, Neighborhood 3 has most of them, Neighborhood 22 has half of the indicators, and other neighborhoods are deprived in this regard. The results of regression analysis showed that environmental and physical indicators (land use) with 95% confidence have a significant relationship with the dependent variable (indicators of integrated urban growth of neighborhoods of Yasuj). The results of the analysis of the neighborhoods regarding the integration indicator show that officials should pay attention to smart city growth model.

The concepts of sustainability and sustainable development have always been connected to the environmental, social, and economic dimensions, called The Triple Bottom Line and their interaction. Since each of the sustainability dimensions requires different expertise, for sustainable development in urban projects often one of the dimensions is considered. Therefore, despite the initial main goal, sustainable development is done in one field only. This study aimed to evaluate the interaction of the Triple Bottom Line of sustainability in Khoshk River in Shiraz. For this purpose, part of ​​Khoshk River was selected as a case study. This research is case study analysis that uses descriptive-analytical strategies. The upper area of ​​the river was selected as a study area in which problems were identified using field studies and the sustainability indicators in three dimensions of social, economic and environmental were extracted. In order to determine the potential and capability in each part, the opinions of 14 university professors and experts were taken using questionnaires. The results show that currently, the interaction of the Three Bottom Line only in two parts had been provided. The results show the way of selecting the proposed optimal parts for achieving a sustainable urban space from the perspective of the Triple Bottom Line, which can be generalized to the similar urban spaces.

Iranian big cities suffer from air pollution which causes irreparable damage to the health of citizens. Airflow is a significant parameter in removing pollution from urban spaces and is largely affected by the physical shape of the buildings’ environment. Buildings’ height, density, and enclosure of open spaces are the physical factors that affect airflow of cities. In this research, first, the air pollution distribution map (carbon monoxide) of the city was calculated using Arc GIS software and then considering the different heights of buildings in Arak city, the function of air pollution indicators was analyzed. The results showed that an increase of the average air pollution to the building density coefficient in an area in Arak is equal to 0.013, which means increasing urban density reduces airflow in the environment and stabilizes air pollution. Moreover, there is a significant relationship between the average air pollution in the area and the percentage of the built mass volume. The coefficient obtained from this relationship is equal to 0.085, which indicates how this index affects air pollution. It turns out that the higher the mass-to-space ratio in a range, the greater the amount of pollution in the environment. Since the coefficient obtained for the percentage index of the mass volume is more than the coefficient of building density, it can be concluded that this index can play a more decisive role in an urban area.

The current vision of Tehran Metropolis depicts a sustainable city with a suitable structure for habitation. The accomplishment of such a landscape that knows sustainable housing as a crucial issue needs scrutiny. This study aimed to identify factors that help the officials reach the goals and to reach the results effective in revising future perspectives of urban planning. The research is applied and the collecting data method is documentary and field study. The study was done in the framework of a descriptive-analytical process. Using Delphi method, among 26 factors, 18 factors were classified as the most important ones in social, economic, physical, and environmental dimensions. Structural analysis using Mick Mac software shows that factors such as land, vertical development, housing quality and strength, water resources, natural crises, and accessibility are among the influential factors. For each of the factors, strategies and policies such as land value-added tax (VAT), construction of underground dams, elevation zoning, and insurance sector’s participation in constructing was offered.

Urban spaces as places for the emergence of optional and necessary social behaviors of residents, affect the quality of urban life as well as the social behaviors of citizens. Some of the interventions, carried out in urban squares in the form of improving plans without sufficient attention to the compatibility of the behavioral patterns and physical structures, have led to the formation of inappropriately unlivable spaces. The proportion of the physical structures to the behavioral patterns in the form of place-behavior or behavioral sites is an important issue in improving the quality of urban spaces. This study aimed to assess the degree of synomorphy of the behavioral sites which are based of the indicators on Barker's theoretical framework and answering the question: How much and how different is the synomorphy of environment and behavior in the studied urban spaces (squares)? Using the observation and behavioral mapping techniques, a descriptive-evaluative methodology was applied. Naghsh Jahan Square and Imam Ali Square in Isfahan were selected as cases due to their special status in the history of the city, although they are different in terms of their performance. The behaviors were investigated in three time periods of morning (8-11), noon (12-14) and evening (18-21), in a quarterly period, based on physical criteria and their effects on the environment in the form of normal (environmentally compatible) and abnormal (environmentally incompatible) behaviors. The study suggests some solutions for strengthening behavioral sites. The results showed more synomorphes in Naghsh Jahan Square for the optional activities, while more necessary and transitory activities in Imam Ali Square. Creating fence confinements, attractive view corridors, active and lively walls, ability to perform selective and informal activities, being green, night lighting, feeling of comfort and security, sense of belonging and identity in Naghsh Jahan have made it more suitable for selective behaviors compared to Imam Ali Square.