Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
Volume:10 Issue: 2, Spring 2022

Paying attention to environmental issues and problems in today's modern economy, especially in academia, is a valuable orientation. Accounting has also focused more on the corporate environmental issues than ever before, To the extent that it has covered environmental reporting in several complementary stages, and in the last stage, it has established its new reporting base in the field of environmental disclosure. The latest version of reporting, the most important of which is environmental disclosure, is integrated reporting. Usually any new version on any topic should cover the limitations of the previous version. This paper is a review study. In this study, environmental accounting and its limitations are first explained. Integrated reporting is then discussed as the newest type of financial and non-financial reporting. Finally, the possibility of covering environmental accounting constraints is examined through integrated reporting. The result is that transparency in environmental accounting figures, democratization, and ultimately information linkages are likely to be achieved through the implementation of integrated reporting, and will be effective in covering the limitations of environmental accounting.

The uncontrolled use of water resources by human has led to a disruption of the natural balance of groundwater. Regarding to the water resources restriction, planning to properly managing these resources, recognizing current situations and anticipating harvesting or feeding effects are necessary. In this case, simulators or models can act as useful tools.

In this research, the quantitative modeling of groundwater flow in Quar Maharlu plain included three years’ calibration (2011-2014) for hydraulic conductivity coefficient and one-year verification (2014-2015) using the PMWIN software. To evaluate the model error in calibration and verification, the root mean square deviation (RMSD) parameter was used. After simulating the aquifer to optimize the artificial recharge location by flood spreading method, different scenarios were defined and examined after considering the natural and artificial factors.

The results showed that the RMSD for calibration years was 1.55, 1.49 and 1.56 m, and for the verification year was 1.77 m, which indicated that the model has an acceptable ability in predicting groundwater flow parameters. The stock changes in the whole aquifer were equal to -8.88 Mm3 in 2014. In the next step, the best recharging location was selected which caused the maximum amount of head increase in total area of the plain (5.3 cm).

One of the effective ways to offset the negative balance is to strengthen the aquifer through artificial recharge. In the present study, we have evaluated the different scenarios and considered the best option.

Today, the use of unconventional weapons has been done serious damage to the environment. The use of zeolite is one of solutions in managing the pollution of soils. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of natural zeolite on grain protein content, Mg and Zn uptake by wheat in soils contaminated to weapons of war.

The experiment was carried out in factorial arrangement in a randomized complete design with three replications in a pot. The studied treatments included four levels of zeolite as zero, 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5% based on weight of soil and two types of soils which were non-contaminated and contaminated by mines and explosives caused by war. Contaminated and non-contaminated soil samples were taken from the southern region of Dehloran city.

The results showed that the amount of grain protein and Mg in contaminated soils was significantly higher than non-contaminated soils and the application of zeolite in both soils caused a significant increase in each of them. In this study, the concentration of Zn in grain in contaminated soils was higher than in non-contaminated soils and with increasing zeolite consumption, the concentration of Zn decreased, significantly.

The results showed that the application of zeolite in contaminated and non-contaminated soils has a positive effect in terms of grain protein and Mg. In addition, the use of zeolite can prevent the excessive increase of Zn due to weapons of war and can be effective in ensuring plant health and thus community health.

Noise pollution is a concerning factor that is increasing day by day in Sylhet City Corporation located in Sylhet division in Bangladesh. In this study, an attempt has been made to assess the noise pollution level in Sylhet city by comparing it with the standard noise level. Also, the outcomes from this study are compared with other studies from different countries. For measuring the noise level in decibel, BSWA 308 device was used in this study. Total 38 samples were taken from different geographical locations in Sylhet City Corporation. 38 samples provide 96 to 99% accuracy with a 95% confidence level (equal to or more than 36). The decibels value ranges from approximately 72 dB to 86 dB. From the observed data we calculated L10, L50, L90, Noise Climate NC = 12.7 dB, Equivalent Continuous Noise Level Leq= 77.18 dB, Noise pollution Level Lnp= 89.88 dB. Using Arc GIS software version 10.5 a contour map of the area was made, where every line in the contour map defines a specific decibel value. And the map was made with 2 dB intervals between the two corresponding contour lines. More than 30% of the study area is vulnerable to high levels of noise (>82dBA), and about 30% of the study area is the lower level of noise (<77dBA). After comparing the outcomes of noise level from this study it is observed that the noise level of this area has crossed the acceptable limit in all parameters.

A review of the historical trend of industrial site selection methods shows their increasing development. In this research, among the Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods, a combination of VIKOR and TOPSIS methods with fuzzy set theory has been used to overcome the uncertainty in the ranking of alternatives. The purpose of this paper is to locate the industries of Kashan city and rank the appropriate alternatives using Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) and the prioritization methods of fuzzy VIKOR and fuzzy TOPSIS. In this study, first, the effective criteria in GIS were examined and standardized according to fuzzy logic. Then, by presenting expert opinion through AHP, the criteria were weighted, and in order to determine suitable places for establishing industries, according to the required minimum area, six alternatives were extracted from the weighted linear combination method. Subsequently, the alternatives were ranked using fuzzy VIKOR and fuzzy TOPSIS methods. The sensitivity analysis was performed in the fuzzy TOPSIS method by shifting the criteria weights and producing different weighting scenarios. The fuzzy VIKOR method was analyzed for different values of the υ variable. Weighting of criteria by AHP showed that the distance from surface water with a weight coefficient of 0.200 is the most important one. The sensitivity analysis of both methods showed that 405 hectares in the Southeast of Kashan are the best ones to establish industries.

In recent years, the dye industry has been rapidly developed. Dyes are one in all the foremost dangerous groups of chemical compounds found in industrial effluents, which are of considerable importance for reasons like reduced light permeability and therefore the subsequent disruption of the method of photosynthesis in water sources. This study was performed to remove dye using Fe-Co-V /Zeolite from synthetic wastewater. 

After chemical synthesis of the nanocomposite, its structure by spectroscopic techniques was studied. Experiments were performed Under different pH conditions (3-11), contact time (5-50 minutes), absorbent dose (0.5-0.6 g), stirring speed (240-60 rpm), and different concentrations.

The results showed that the optimal and final conditions affecting the removal of methyl orange dye in the most suitable conditions for 200 mL of solution with a concentration of 20 mg/L at pH equal to 3, contact time 20 Minute, adsorbent weight 0.2 g, jar speed 180 rpm and temperature 25 °C, which finally with the application of optimal data, at a concentration of 2.5 mg/L, the best efficiency was obtained. Examination of isotherm diagrams and isotherm coefficients showed that the adsorption process follows the Freundlich equation.

According to the obtained results and physical and chemical properties of the synthesized nanocomposite, it can be used to remove pollutants from the environment such as wastewater and gaseous pollutants from the air.

According to the heavy traffic in Tehran, a high amount of 1, 3-Butadiene (BD) in this city is highly expected. This study has been estimated the lifetime cancer risk (LCR) attributable to BD people exposure in Tehran municipality's 9th district and simulation the way of its releasing. This research is an applied study that has been done in the form of field research. Cancer risk assessment were carried out based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency method. BD concentration measurements were performed at 30 points which specified in the area and daily at three different time in four seasons since autumn of 2019 till summer of 2020. LCR then was calculated for four different groups of residents, employees, first and second classes of the pedestrian. Finally, the way of releasing BD in the 9th district was evaluated by GIS software. The results showed that the highest and lowest BD concentrations were 2819 and 424 ppb, respectively, in autumn and spring and were measured in the north and west side of the 9th district which much higher than inhalation reference concentration, in addition the LCR estimation of population due to exposure with high level of BD are exceeded the USEPA benchmark of 1 × 10-6 in the 4 specified groups. So that the amount of LCR in the residents is 790 times more than the USEPA benchmark. According to the results, the necessity for traffic control by urban management and producing green vehicles to prevent pollutants emission is essential.

Formalin and Hexamine are an important chemicals used widely in industry and the issue of their pollution is often taken into account. The aim of this study, the environmental effects of formalin and hexamine production process in Gameron Petro Industry complex have been investigated using life cycle assessment method.

This study have been investigated according to ISO 14040, using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method and SimaPro software 9 and methods of evaluation of Eco-indicator99, IMPACT2002+ and EDIP2003. The functional unit studied is 1 ton of product (800 kg hexamine plus 200 kg formalin) in this complex.

The study of the obtained results shows that ammonia is the most influential input material in creating the consequences of climate change, radiation and toxicity. In respiratory inorganics, the contribution of ammonia and methanol is the same. In other outcomes, methanol is the dominant input. By examining the effect classes, it is determined that the effect of methanol and ammonia on human health is approximately equal. Ammonia has effect on ecosystem toxicity and methanol, among all inputs, in creating the category of resource consumption effect. The total values of the effect classes are 0.001636 DALY, 2038.305 PDF.m². year, 2091.536 Kg CO2 equivalents and 61.87139MJ surplus.

Examination of the results shows that in the life cycle of formalin production, and hexamine, methanol is the dominant input in creating environmental impacts. After that, ammonia, diesel and electricity are the effective inputs in the production life cycle of these products.